Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For a period of six months, we collected 12 cases of nocturnal asthmatics (7 males, 5 females); their ages ranged from 20 to 66 (the average age is 49). We found that administration of Uniphyllin (10 mg/kg) once a day at 6 PM could maintain the blood level of theophylline within therapeutic range at least 12 to 24 hrs. The peak expiratory flow rate of the 6 cases we collected, were significantly improved. The result of pharmokinetic parameters: 1) The average of a single dose (12 cases) is AUC (ug. hr/ml) 275.1 +/- 62. k; Kel (hr-1) 0.068 +/- 0.019; Ka (hr-1) 0.33 +/- 0.07); Tmax (hr) 6.3 +/- 1.4; T 1/2 (hr) 11.2 +/- 4.4; Clearance/F (ml/kg/hr) 37.9 +/- 9.0.2). The average of steady state (12 cases) is Css (mg/L) 5. 7 +/- 2.6; Cmax-Cmin (mg/L) 10.09 +/- 1.46.3). The average of relative bioavailability (3 cases) is 82%, 83%, 102%. However, the extent of absorption data is available for only 3 subjects. There are too few subjects to draw any meaningful conclusions about this relative bioavailability. Four cases show slight symptoms, including 1 case of dizziness, 2 cases of nausea, and 1 case gaseousness. It is suggested that the drug be administered at about 6-8 PM to coincide peak levels in the early morning in nocturnal asthmatics.
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PMID:Sustained-release theophylline-uniphyllin in nocturnal asthmatics. 276 61

Serum theophylline levels were measured in response to a single daily dose of Uniphyl in asthmatic adults who had previously received sustained-release theophylline preparations (usually Theo-Dur). Nine men and 20 women between the ages of 20 and 75 with a one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 30 to 75 percent of predicted and with at least 15 percent improvement in FEV1 following an inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist were enrolled. Patients with coexisting major organ system dysfunction were excluded. Maintenance prednisone in a dosage of 20 mg or less each morning and inhaled corticosteroids were allowed. The five-week study included a baseline week when the usual sustained-release theophylline was continued; theophylline blood levels were determined at six to 10 hours on the fifth day. Patients then switched to an equivalent dose of Uniphyl with single morning dosing. FEV1 and serum theophylline levels were observed weekly as during the baseline period. Side effects were carefully monitored throughout the study. Concurrent therapy included inhaled beta agonist in 28, oral prednisone in 11, and beclomethasone in one. Serum theophylline levels were remarkably stable during the four Uniphyl weeks and averaged 15 micrograms/ml. During this time, a small improvement in FEV1 occurred in weeks 2 and 4 (p less than 0.05). Only two patients reported substantial side effects--nervousness and slight morning dizziness--which responded to a downward adjustment of Uniphyl dosage. This study indicated that, in asthmatic patients previously receiving twice-daily theophylline therapy, switching to a daily single dose of Uniphyl maintained stable blood levels with a very low incidence of side effects and a modest improvement to FEV1 at the time of the normal serum peak of theophylline. This study suggests that Uniphyl can replace twice-daily theophylline dosing, which may result in improved patient compliance.
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PMID:Theophylline levels and clinical response in asthmatic adults receiving long-term Uniphyl. 286 79

Addison's disease is a relatively common disorder to endocrinologists, but is rare and potentially fatal when presenting acutely. Treatment now involves replacement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids with synthetic compounds, although historically patients took common salt and plant-based preparations. We describe the case of a 42-year-old woman who self-treated undiagnosed Addison's disease for several years with soy sauce and liquorice sticks. She presented with a four-week history of decreased energy, malaise and postural dizziness. Our patient described an unusual diet of liquorice sticks and soy sauce, consuming around 46 g of salt per week. There was a family history of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Physical examination was unremarkable, although subsequent investigation confirmed Addison's disease. Liquorice provided glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid, which act on 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes. In this case, the net effect was potentiation of glucocorticoid action on renal mineralocorticoid receptors in the context of failing adrenocortical steroid production. The case highlights the importance of taking a dietary history to aid diagnosis.
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PMID:Liquorice and soy sauce, a life-saving concoction in a patient with Addison's disease. 1759 90

A 48-year-old woman presented to the Accident and Emergency department with a 4 month history of headaches, nausea and dizziness. She was found to have severe hypertension and hypokalaemia. Extensive investigations did not find any secondary cause for hypertension. The patient was discharged with oral doxazosin therapy which controlled the blood pressure. Before the follow-up appointment at the hypertension clinic, the patient and her husband identified that her headaches coincided with liquorice tea consumption of up to three cups per day. This information was not obtained in the clinical assessment. The patient is now headache and medication free after cessation of liquorice tea. Liquorice ingestion is often a forgotten reversible cause of hypertension. A good history is key to this diagnosis.
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PMID:All sorts of tests, only one question: an unexpected cause of hypertension. 2912 28