Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study, carried out in three centers in the United States, investigated the antihypertensive effect of three dosages of indapamide in 87 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The dosages studied were 1 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg daily. A double-blind, parallel study design was used with a six-week placebo run-in period followed by an eight-week treatment period and a two-week follow-up period. Compared with placebo, all dosages caused a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in blood pressure, with an average decrease of approximately 6 mmHg diastolic and 13 mmHg systolic. The antihypertensive effect seemed to be fully manifest after six weeks of treatment. At all dosage levels, indapamide produced markedly greater therapeutic success rates than did the placebo. Success was defined as either a standing phase-5 diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg or a decrease by at least 10 mmHg from baseline. Although the decrease in mean serum potassium concentration was dose-related, the decrease was not clinically significant with any dose. A reduction in serum chloride and increases in serum uric acid and glucose were also observed. These changes were slight and did not cause the discontinuation of treatment for any patient. The most frequently observed side effects were mild to moderately severe dizziness, weakness, and headaches.
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PMID:Multicenter dose-response study of the effect of indapamide in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension. 634 86

Nadolol (N) titrated from 80 to 240 mg or bendroflumethiazide (B) 5 to 10 mg, or the combination (B + N), were randomly assigned double-blind to 365 men with pretreatment diastolic blood pressures (BP) of 95 to 114 mm Hg. After 12 weeks of treatment, a diastolic BP of less than 90 mm Hg was achieved in 49% who received N, 46% who received B and 85% who received B + N. With N, the diastolic BP decreased more in whites than in blacks; with B, this racial trend was reversed. Side effects were infrequent; the most common were impotence, lethargy, weakness and postural dizziness, which occurred more often with B than with N. Addition of hydralazine, 25 to 100 mg twice daily, controlled diastolic BP at a level of less than 90 mm Hg in approximately 60% of those previously uncontrolled. N, and especially B + N, provided an efficacious once-daily treatment for systemic hypertension, and addition of hydralazine was effective in most nonresponders.
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PMID:Efficacy of nadolol alone and combined with bendroflumethiazide and hydralazine for systemic hypertension. 635 51

In a randomized double-blind parallel group study conducted in three centres the hypotensive activity of piretanide 6 mg b.i.d. was compared with that of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 25 mg b.i.d. and HCT 50 mg b.i.d. Ninety-three patients entered the study and sixty-one completed a 16-week trial period. All three treatments produced a significant reduction in supine diastolic and systolic blood pressure after only 2 weeks of active treatment and this was maintained for the duration of the study. The mean maximal reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure was 18% in the piretanide group, 18.8% in the HCT 25 mg b.i.d. group, and 20% in the HCT 50 mg b.i.d. group. The corresponding figures for the percentage of patients attaining a supine diastolic pressure below 95 mm Hg were 83%, 62% and 89%. There were no significant differences between the three groups. Side-effects were generally mild and transient, except for polyuria which was noted in all three groups but more commonly in the piretanide group. Two patients were withdrawn because of side-effects: one patient in the high dose HCT group developed severe postural symptoms; and one patient in the low dose HCT group was withdrawn because of restlessness, nausea, weakness, dizziness and somnolence. All three treatments caused a significant increase in serum uric acid concentrations. Four patients in each of the HCT groups developed hypokalaemia, but no patients in the piretanide group did so.
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PMID:A double-blind multicentre study of piretanide and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. 637 42

When symptoms of dizziness and episodic vertigo cannot be controlled through medical management or drainage procedures such as endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt operations, selective vestibular nerve section may be necessary. In the 1920s eighth cranial nerve sections were performed by neurosurgeons through the suboccipital approach but were frequently associated with hearing loss and facial paralysis. The middle fossa approach has been popularized by Dr. William House and others as a method of selectively sectioning the vestibular nerve and preserving facial and cochlear function. More recently the suboccipital retrolabyrinthine approach has been described as a method of selectively sectioning the vestibular nerve. We have reviewed 42 cases of suboccipital retrolabyrinthine selective section of the vestibular nerve performed at the Otologic Medical Group over the past 2 years. The shortest follow-up on these patients has been 6 months. Thirty-two patients had preoperative diagnosis of Meniere's disease, and of these patients 25 had had previous endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt surgery. Eighty-five percent (27 patients) experienced complete relief of vertigo following surgery, while 6% (two patients) stated they were improved. Three patients reported no relief. There were 10 patients with dizziness who had a diagnosis other than Meniere's disease. In this diverse group three experienced complete relief of vertigo, five were improved, and two reported no improvement of vertigo following surgery. None of the patients lost his hearing as a result of the surgery and there was no facial weakness. One patient had postoperative CSF rhinorrhea and another had meningitis.
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PMID:Retrolabyrinthine section of the vestibular nerve. 642 76

This case study reports on an obstetric rarity -- an intrauterine and an extrauterine pregnancy of a patient with an IUD in place. The 26-year-old primigravid patient had a previous history of cesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion. 10 months after the cesarean section a Lippes Loop D was inserted. 2 months after the insertion she was hospitalized for heavy vaginal bleeding following a menstrual delay of 3 weeks. The IUD was shown to be correctly inserted. The uterine cervix was soft and half open. Upon palpation the uterus was found to be enlarged. The probable diagnosis was incomplete spontaneous abortion. IUD removal was followed by curettage. The pathologist's report confirmed the diagnosis of spontaneous abortion. A week after the curettage the patient again complained of scant vaginal bleeding and cramping pain localized in the lower abdomen. She was given ethinyl nortestosterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol for 10 days. After 48 hours of treatment the bleeding stopped. A month later the patient reported copious vaginal bleeding. Another curettage was performed in which several clots were removed. A puncture of the posterior fornix was performed with negative results. Examination of the patient under anesthesia revealed a small mass in the right lower quadrant. The 2nd pathology report on the clots referred to "endometrial tissue with signs of progesterone treatment" without an Arias-Stella image. 5 days after the last curettage the patient was admitted with abdominal pains, vaginal bleeding, weakness, and dizziness. An extrauterine pregnancy was suspected and a laparoscopy was performed. A ruptured right tubal pregnancy was found. A salpingectomy was then performed. Because of the reliability of the patient, it is certain that she did not have intercourse after the 1st curettage. This fact invalidates the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy occurring after her normal pregnancy.
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PMID:Double (uterine and ectopic) pregnancy of a patient using an intrauterine contraceptive device. 646 63

In this study of CNS reactions to mild hypoxia, 7 subjects were decompressed to the equivalence of 3048 m altitude breathing air, for 6.5 h. On reaching 3048 m, and for every second h thereafter, a battery of neuropsychological tests were administered. In addition, blood and performance measures were sampled and a symptom check list was administered. The performance tests indicated significant effects of hypoxia. In contrast to earlier studies on grade of hypoxia and performance, no relationship between impaired performance and duration of exposure to hypoxia was found. Repeated testing throughout exposure indicated stable individual reactions. Endocrine variables did not support the hypothesis that activation or 'stress' caused the impairment observed. In addition to impaired neuropsychological test performance and impaired task performance, the subjects reported headache, weakness and some dizziness. Comparisons between different tests confirmed previous results showing that mild hypoxia yields varying degrees of impairment on different cognitive functions.
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PMID:Central nervous reactions to a 6.5-hour altitude exposure at 3048 meters. 649 22

A cohort of 1,002 elderly ambulatory hypertensive patients were studied for nearly 4 years by this historical prospective design to determine the morbidity and mortality of the cohort and whether the level of blood pressure and antihypertensive medications increase the risk of falling in this group. During this time 148 reported falls; there were no resultant deaths in this cohort. Relative risk analysis derived from the logistic regression model demonstrated that neither blood pressure level nor type of antihypertensive medication was associated with falling after adjustment for confounding variables. Women, those who resided in nursing homes, although still considered to be ambulatory, and those with complaints of weakness, dizziness and/or orthostatic hypotensive symptoms were at higher risk of falling. These latter do not appear to be related to hypertension treatment. To discontinue this treatment, without further investigation of the symptoms, will not reduce the risk of falling but will increase the risk of a morbid or fatal event.
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PMID:Falls among elderly hypertensives--are they iatrogenic? 664 12

The authors review the existing literature on inhalation of gasoline fumes, highlighting the acute and chronic physical and psychological effects. The clinical picture of gas sniffing includes visual hallucinations, changes in consciousness, euphoria, nystagmus, dizziness, weakness and tremors. There is the possibility of rapid recovery, sudden death or brain damage with chronic abuse. When leaded gasoline is abused then blood and urine lead levels and erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD) levels may be helpful. Although the treatment of acute and chronic gas sniffing syndromes is often supportive and non-specific, when lead levels are high chelated therapy is indicated including British anti-lewisite, calcium disodium versenate or D-penicillamine. We also report our findings on an isolated native Indian population where intentional gas sniffing has reached epidemic proportions. Ten percent of the total population and 25% of the children between 5 and 15 years of age had been identified as gasoline inhalation abusers. In this population, the most important etiological factors included environmental, family and cultural components. The authors emphasize the need to correct the family and social deficiencies in such communities if the incidence of gas sniffing is to be decreased.
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PMID:Gas sniffing as a form of substance abuse. 670 83

Examined the relationship of Beck Depression Inventory scores with subsequent self-reports of behavior obtained over a ten-day period, using a psychological diary technique. The sample consisted of 100 college students. BDI scores were correlated with subject's reports of being placed in a confrontational position (feeling trapped, given a hard time, having to defend oneself), but were not related to the level of anger reported, either felt or expressed. BDI scores were highly related to feelings of loneliness, though not with a desire for active withdrawal. BDI scores were correlated with reports of weakness, dizziness, and nausea. There was little indication of sex differences in the correlations between BDI scores and self-reports of behavior.
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PMID:The Beck Depression Inventory and self-reports of behavior over a ten-day period. 670 60

Phenytoin sodium was evaluated for its effect on the development and intensity of acute mountain sickness (AMS) because of its ability to reduce intracellular Na+ concentrations in brain and thereby minimize any tendency to increase cellular volume, a hypothetical cause of AMS. Six men aged 19-35 were exposed to approximately 4600 m altitude in a hypobaric chamber for 52 h on two occasions separated by 10 d at sea level. Subjects received wither phenytoin or placebo for 18 h before (700 mg, divided dose) and throughout (100 mg t.i.d.) each altitude exposure in a double-blind, repeated-measures (crossover) design. Phenytoin serum concentrations ranged from 4.4-13.9 micrograms/ml during altitude exposure. Twice daily questionnaires and clinical evaluations showed no marked benefit from phenytoin on the occurrence, severity, or duration of AMS symptoms: headache, nausea, insomnia, and general malaise. Overall, 1 subject felt better, 2 felt worse, 1 felt the same; 2 were not suitably comparable. There was no observed relationship between serum levels and symptoms of AMS. Moderate degrees of weakness and dizziness were each reported by 3 subjects with phenytoin but not with placebo, however. Resting pulmonary ventilation, end-tidal PO2 and PCO2, map reading abilities and respiratory mask donning times were not affected by phenytoin. Under the conditions of this trial, phenytoin did not appear to be useful in managing AMS.
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PMID:Phenytoin: ineffective against acute mountain sickness. 676 69


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