Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with the combination of Ftorafur, Adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM II). Three patients showed partial responses, in five the disease remained stable for at least 3 months and seven showed progression while on treatment. All responding patients showed survival in excess of 12 months. Hematologic toxicity was of only moderate severity. Median white count nadir was 3500 cells/mm3 and median platelet nadir was 187,000 cells/mm3. Four patients had white count nadirs from 2000--2500 cells/mm3 and three had nadirs from 500--1500 cells/mm3; also there were four with platelet nadirs less than 100,000/mm3. However, no drug-related infections occurred and no platelet transfusions were required. The major non-hematologic toxicities of the regimen were nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, and rhinorrhea. These toxicities were limiting and resulted in termination of the trial because of poor patient acceptance and the failure of the combination to exhibit a therapeutic advantage over the similar combination (FAM) that employed weekly 5-fluorouracil in place of Ftorafur.
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PMID:A phase II trial of ftorafur: adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM II) in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. 38 3

During 1988, an endemic outbreak of aseptic meningitis was noted in the Kaohsiung area. Throughout the year, a total of 89 cases were identified by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination at the Pediatric Department of Kaohsiung Medical College. The peak incidence was from June to October. Scattered cases still occurred during November and December. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1 and the age distribution ranged from 1 month to 15 years old. Two peaks of age distribution were observed; one in infancy and the other in the 4-7 year old age group. Most of them exhibited fever (94.4%), headache (68.9%), and vomiting (68.5%). Other associated symptoms and signs included neck stiffness, sore throat, cough, Brudzinski's sign, abdominal pain, seizure, dizziness, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, Kernig's sign, skin rash, hyperemic conjunctiva, apnea, and oral ulcers. Most of them had CSF white blood cell (WBC) counts less than 1000/mm3, normal or mild elevated protein, and normal CSF/plasma sugar ratio. Three patients were found to have a virus in their CSF without pleocytosis. Virus isolations from CSF throat swabs and/or rectal swabs were performed in 65 patients, half of them (35/65, 53.8%) had positive results including echovirus type 9 (sixteen), echovirus type 30 (eighteen), and adenovirus type 3 (one). Echovirus type 9 was predominant during July and August whereas echovirus type 30 became predominant after September. All patients recovered spontaneously without any sequelae.
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PMID:Clinical observations and virological study of aseptic meningitis in the Kaohsiung area. 198 74

HP 029 (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridin-1-oL-maleate), an oral anticholinesterase, enhances memory in rodents and may be useful in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). To assess adverse events in relation to dosage and plasma drug levels, 24 hospitalized AD subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo or HP 029 for 10 days in a double-blind, sequential escalation study. Maximum daily dosages were 450 mg (group 1), 300 mg (group 2), and 225 mg (group 3), divided into three doses per day. The group 1 trial was discontinued on day 5 because one subject, 6 hours following the second of three scheduled 150-mg doses, had a tonic seizure after protracted vomiting and hyperventilation; adverse events in other patients included nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, dizziness, and syncope. Adverse events were generally less severe in group 2, but only two of six HP 029 subjects could complete the trial at 300 mg/day. All group 3 subjects completed the trial at 225 mg/day with drug related, mild adverse events (nausea, vomiting, lacrimation, rhinorrhea) in only two subjects. Although mean plasma drug levels were related to adverse events across dosage groups, they did not adequately predict the occurrence or severity of adverse events in individual subjects. The 225 mg/day dose appears to be safe for use in multicenter outpatient trials of HP 029 efficacy in AD. Further patient studies are ongoing to determine the relation of specific subject characteristics to the metabolic profile of HP 029 and biological response.
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PMID:Clinical safety, tolerance, and plasma levels of the oral anticholinesterase 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridin-1-oL-maleate (HP 029) in Alzheimer's disease: preliminary findings. 235 6

Forty-seven climbers participated in a double-blind, randomized trial comparing acetazolamide 250 mg, dexamethasone 4 mg, and placebo every eight hours as prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness during rapid, active ascent of Mount Rainier (elevation 4,392 m). Forty-two subjects (89.4 percent) achieved the summit in an average of 34.5 hours after leaving sea level. At the summit or high point attained above base camp, the group taking dexamethasone reported less headache, tiredness, dizziness, nausea, clumsiness, and a greater sense of feeling refreshed (p less than or equal to 0.05). In addition, they reported fewer problems of runny nose and feeling cold, symptoms unrelated to acute mountain sickness. The acetazolamide group differed significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) from other groups at low elevations (1,300 to 1,600 m), in that they experienced more feelings of nausea and tiredness, and they were less refreshed. These drug side effects probably obscured the previously established prophylactic effects of acetazolamide for acute mountain sickness. Separate analysis of an acetazolamide subgroup that did not experience side effects at low elevations revealed a prophylactic effect of acetazolamide similar in magnitude to the dexamethasone effect but lacking the euphoric effects of dexamethasone. This study demonstrates that prophylaxis with dexamethasone can reduce the symptoms associated with acute mountain sickness during active ascent and that acetazolamide can cause side effects that may limit its effectiveness as prophylaxis against the disease.
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PMID:A randomized trial of dexamethasone and acetazolamide for acute mountain sickness prophylaxis. 333 64

When symptoms of dizziness and episodic vertigo cannot be controlled through medical management or drainage procedures such as endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt operations, selective vestibular nerve section may be necessary. In the 1920s eighth cranial nerve sections were performed by neurosurgeons through the suboccipital approach but were frequently associated with hearing loss and facial paralysis. The middle fossa approach has been popularized by Dr. William House and others as a method of selectively sectioning the vestibular nerve and preserving facial and cochlear function. More recently the suboccipital retrolabyrinthine approach has been described as a method of selectively sectioning the vestibular nerve. We have reviewed 42 cases of suboccipital retrolabyrinthine selective section of the vestibular nerve performed at the Otologic Medical Group over the past 2 years. The shortest follow-up on these patients has been 6 months. Thirty-two patients had preoperative diagnosis of Meniere's disease, and of these patients 25 had had previous endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt surgery. Eighty-five percent (27 patients) experienced complete relief of vertigo following surgery, while 6% (two patients) stated they were improved. Three patients reported no relief. There were 10 patients with dizziness who had a diagnosis other than Meniere's disease. In this diverse group three experienced complete relief of vertigo, five were improved, and two reported no improvement of vertigo following surgery. None of the patients lost his hearing as a result of the surgery and there was no facial weakness. One patient had postoperative CSF rhinorrhea and another had meningitis.
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PMID:Retrolabyrinthine section of the vestibular nerve. 642 76

The common cold is characterized by symptoms of rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sneezing, throat clearing, postnasal drip, and cough. Some of the many viruses that cause colds may cause mild additional symptoms such as sore throat, weakness, dizziness, and tearing. This article presents data concerning the cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold as well as discussion of the available diagnostic tests and their use in formulating differential diagnoses.
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PMID:The common cold. 889 Jan 37

A 73-year-old man consumed a decoction of the medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain ("Ting Kung Teng"), as recommended in traditional Chinese medicine for arthritis. Shortly, he developed a cholinergic syndrome that included dizziness, diaphoresis, chills, lacrimation, salivation, rhinorrhea, nausea, and vomiting. He was also hypothermic and hypotensive. Notable laboratory values included a normal serum cholinesterase and transiently elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and glucose. There is no previous report on the toxicity due to this herb in the literature. Active constituents of the herb include a number of tropane alkaloids, one of which possesses cholinergic rather than anticholinergic activities. A study conducted on mice, with a related herb, has demonstrated renal, hepatic, and erythrocyte toxicity.
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PMID:Medicinal herb Erycibe henri Prain ("Ting Kung Teng") resulting in acute cholinergic syndrome. 1212 92

Pesticides, such as parathion, are metabolized by cytochrome p-450 system to paraoxon, which is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor. Paraoxonase (PON) catalyzes the hydrolysis of these toxic metabolites and protects against pesticide toxicity. A glutamine/arginine (Gln/Arg) polymorphism at amino acid position 192 of PON has been described. The Arg/Arg genotype is associated with higher serum paraoxonase activity compared to Gln/Gln. The Arg/Gln genotype is associated with intermediate serum PON activity. The potential association between PON genotype and symptoms of chronic pesticide toxicity was examined among 100 farm workers. As part of a cross-sectional study of pesticide toxicity among mixed-race farm workers in the Western Cape. South Africa, 100 farm workers were genotyped for polymorphism of the paraoxonase gene at amino acid position 192. Subjects with two or more of the following symptoms were considered to have evidence of chronic toxicity: abdominal pain, nausea, rhinorrhea, dizziness, headache, somnolence, fatigue, gait disturbance, limb numbness, paresthesias, limb pain, or limb weakness. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of chronic toxicity were previous history of head trauma resulting in loss of consciousness (OR 2.8, 95% CI = 1.7-6.7), having worked as a pesticide applicator (OR 5.4, 95% CI = 3.2-8.9), and having one of the two "slow metabolism" (Gln/Gln or Gln/Arg) genotypes (OR 2.9, 95% CI = 1.7-6.9). Furthermore, the prevalence of chronic toxicity increased in a stepwise fashion from 15% among pesticide nonapplicators with a "fast metabolism" (Arg/Arg) genotype, to 42.9% among pesticide nonapplicators with "slow metabolism" (Gln/Gln or Gln/Arg) genotypes, to 58.8% among pesticide applicators with "fast metabolism" genotype, and 75.0% among pesticide applicators with "slow metabolism" genotypes (P = 0.001). Age, number of years on the job, smoking history, alcohol history, education level, plasma or red blood cell cholinesterase level, or previous history of acute organophosphate poisoning were not statistically significant predictors of chronic toxicity. The PON genotype is an important determinant of a farmworker's susceptibility to chronic pesticide poisoning.
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PMID:Association between human paraoxonase gene polymorphism and chronic symptoms in pesticide-exposed workers. 1262 27

Patients with acromegaly usually present with characteristic clinical features or comorbidities associated with excess insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/growth hormone (GH) or may come to medical attention secondary to mass effects causing visual field distortions. Herein, we report a case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea as the presenting symptom of acromegaly. A 68-year-old man presented to an outside facility with a 2-day history of headache associated with nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and clear nasal discharge and underwent 2 attempted repairs of a sphenoid sinus CSF leak. Examination on admission to our hospital was significant for fluctuating level of consciousness. Subsequently, subtle coarse facial features were appreciated. Pituitary function testing showed thyrotropin and gonadotropin deficiencies along with an elevated age- and sex-matched IGF-1 of 285 (normal level, 59-225 ng/mL). Nadir GH during oral glucose tolerance test was 5.5 ng/mL and confirmed the diagnosis of acromegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging showed pneumocephalus, an enlarged sella with an elongated pituitary stalk, and partial erosion of the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. A distinct adenoma could not be identified. An endoscopic, transnasal, transsphenoidal exploration and biopsy with multilayered skull base reconstruction were performed. Histologic examination of the biopsy contents was consistent with a GH-producing adenoma. Postoperatively, the patient's fluctuating level of consciousness improved and returned to baseline after his successful skull base repair. During the follow-up period, he had an IGF-1 of 713 ng/mL and started treatment with a somatostatin analogue. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a GH-producing pituitary adenoma presenting with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. Pituitary adenomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea with abnormal sellar image, and these patients should undergo a thorough hormonal evaluation.
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PMID:Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as the initial presentation of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. 2088 68

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic value of pathological indicators to predict the efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps. A total of 53 patients with CRS with nasal polyps, who had undergone endoscopic surgery at least one year before, were surveyed for their clinical symptoms. Surgical specimen biopsies were consulted and related pathological indicators were measured. The association between the main symptoms of CRS with nasal polyps following ESS and pathological indicators were statistically analyzed. The main symptoms of patients with CRS with nasal polyps following ESS were nasal congestion, thick nasal discharge, rhinorrhea or sneezing. Goblet cells are associated with the symptoms of sneezing and thick nasal discharge, pathological gland formation is associated with dizziness, and the degree of tissue edema is associated with post-nasal discharge (P<0.05). Pathological indicators aid the prediction of the efficacy of nasal ESS in patients with CRS with nasal polyps.
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PMID:Correlation analysis of prognostic and pathological features of patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps following endoscopic surgery. 2393 40


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