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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the introduction of fenofibrate to European clinical practice in 1975, some 6.5 million patient-years of experience in the treatment of hyperlipidemia have been accumulated. A review of results of clinical trials shows fenofibrate to have a broad spectrum of lipid-lowering activity, reducing the total cholesterol level by 20-25% in type IIa patients and triglycerides by 40-60% in type IIb and IV patients. High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are reduced and, where low at baseline, high-density lipoprotein levels are increased. An associated activity is a 10-28% reduction in serum uric acid levels. Adverse reactions in the mostly open clinical trials ranged from 2-15%; mild gastrointestinal problems dominated, and occurred with much the same frequency in the placebo-treated groups of controlled trials. There are also reports of fatigue, headache, loss of libido, dizziness, and insomnia. Some excess of skin rash emerged as the only statistically significant unwanted clinical effect in one placebo-controlled trial. Biochemically, there are occasional fluctuations in serum transaminase values, while gamma-glucuronyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase are often decreased, all without apparent clinical significance. Lithogenicity of the bile is often increased above pretreatment levels, but there is no evidence from trials or postmarketing surveillance that the use of fenofibrate is associated with an increase of gallstone formation.
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PMID:Review of European clinical experience with fenofibrate. 265 20

Triazolam is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. To determine how it was being prescribed and used, we examined triazolam use in patients who had received the drug for greater than six weeks. We reviewed medical charts of 72 adult male patients from an ambulatory Veterans Administration population who had received a 30-day triazolam prescription with at least one refill. Results showed that although prescribed daily doses of triazolam were generally appropriate for the age of the patient being treated, the average length of therapy was 6.2 months. Seventy-five percent of the prescriptions had been written for a one-month supply with five refills. Neither prescriber specialty nor level of training was significantly related to length of therapy. Thirty-nine of the patients (54 percent) were available for a telephone interview to determine how the drug was actually being used and the adverse effects profile. Over 60 percent claimed to be taking the drug every night, 95 percent at the dose prescribed. Sixty-seven percent of the patients taking triazolam nightly reportedly did not sleep as well if they tried a night without the drug. Apart from effects on sleep, dizziness and confusion were the most commonly reported adverse effects. As a result of this study, automatic stop orders on discharge were implemented to limit triazolam therapy to inpatient stays. Physicians must evaluate the need for continued hypnotic therapy so that a longer-acting agent like flurazepam may be used if chronic medication is necessary.
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PMID:Evaluation of long-term triazolam use in an ambulatory Veterans Administration Medical Center population. 281 61

The effects of pentoxifylline on intermittent claudication were evaluated at a dose of 1200 mg/day in an open-label twelve-week study on geriatric patients with chronic occlusive arterial disease (COAD). Standardized treadmill testing and clinical signs and symptoms of COAD were followed up before and during drug administration. Twenty-four subjects with a mean age of 73.5 years, capable of walking between 20 and 200 meters on the treadmill, were entered into the trial; 22 participated for eight weeks and 19 completed the study in terms of treadmill walking distance measurements at 12 weeks. The mean walking distance for all patients was increased 111% over baseline at week 12. Thirteen subjects were considered drug responders (greater than or equal to 50% increase in treadmill walking distance) and 9 were considered nonresponders (less than 50% increase). Improvements in clinical signs and symptoms of COAD were noted. Decreases in elevated systemic systolic pressures (but not diastolic) were unexpectedly observed in many drug responders. Seven of 19 males reported sexual function improvements while receiving pentoxifylline. Fourteen (58%) of the 24 subjects reported mild side effects of dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, or insomnia; no subjects were withdrawn from the study because of side effects. In summary, pentoxifylline improved function and symptoms in 13 of 22 geriatric patients with intermittent claudication; the drug was safe and well tolerated at the usual dosage in this geriatric patient population.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline in geriatric patients with intermittent claudication. 266 64

The safety profile of ofloxacin was evaluated on the basis of adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory values seen in United States clinical trials and phase I studies addressing specific issues. The most frequently reported adverse reactions occurring in 2,197 patients who received three to 10 days of ofloxacin in United States clinical trials were nausea (3.5 percent), insomnia (1.8 percent), headache (1.4 percent), and dizziness (1.2 percent). Adverse reactions were not serious and usually rapidly reversible. The incidence of adverse reactions did not increase with increasing age. There is no clinically significant interaction with methylxanthines (caffeine or theophylline). Crystalluria was not observed. Ofloxacin is a well-tolerated fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent.
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PMID:The safety profile of ofloxacin. 269 Jun 23

This is a report of the clinical analysis of 250 cases of dengue fever-like patients during the 1987-1988 epidemic in Southern Taiwan at Harn's clinic, Kaohsiung city. The results were: The peak age groups were between 20-40 years old. The ratio of male to female was 1:14. 98% patients presented with fever of mainly 3 to 6 days duration. 98% reported body pain, which included headache (82%), generalized soreness (65%), low back pain (50%). 95% patients had GI symptoms, such as anorexia (73%), nausea (60%), vomiting (45%). 97% patients complained of dizziness and weakness, and 22.4% patients had a bleeding tendency. The common bleeding sites were involving the subcutaneous (skin), gum, uterus, nasal cavity, GI tract, retina, and GU tract. The eruption rate was 78%. A majority of rashes appeared on the extremities, and then spread to the trunk. Less common symptoms were insomnia, chest tightness, urgency of urination, cough, running nose, palpitation, and shock. 45% patients were noted with hair loss. The hair loss was the latest presenting symptom, which tended to occur about two months after the recovery stage, and lasted for about one month. On physical examination, 62.6% patients had conjunctivitis, while only 1.3% had lymph node enlargement. Usually, the whole clinical course lasted for 7 to 14 days. Laboratory examination showed that leukopenia was noted from the second day and reached the lowest count on the fifth day, and recovered on 9th or 10th day. In 247 blood sera tested serologically for dengue fever, 84 were confirmed, while 157 were not confirmed yet due to patients' reluctance to accept a second blood drawing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical study on dengue fever during 1987-1988 epidemic at Kaohsiung City, southern Taiwan]. 273 68

A double-blind, multicenter study compared the safety and efficacy of oral betaxolol 10 to 40 mg once daily (n = 68) with propranolol 40 to 160 mg twice daily (n = 73) in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Both agents produced significant (P less than 0.01) and comparable reductions in mean supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures (7/11 mm Hg on betaxolol and 9/10 mm Hg on propranolol). Both betaxolol and propranolol significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced mean supine heart rate by 9 beats per minute. Patients achieved a more significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in blood pressure earlier (weeks 2 and 4 of the titration period) with betaxolol. By the end of treatment there was no significant difference in response between treatment groups. A higher incidence of central nervous system side effects (insomnia, bizarre dreams, depression, hallucinations, dizziness), however, was seen with propranolol than with betaxolol. Overall, the data show that in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, betaxolol 10 to 40 mg administered once daily is as effective as and better tolerated than propranolol 40 to 160 mg administered twice daily.
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PMID:Comparison of betaxolol, a new beta 1-adrenergic antagonist, to propranolol in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. 290 Dec 66

A randomized double blind study in long term malaria chemoprophylaxis was performed to compare the tolerability of Fansimef (1 tablet containing 250 mg mefloquine + 500 mg sulfadoxine + 25 mg pyrimethamine per week) with chloroquine (300 mg per week). 211 Austrian industrial workers and their families in Warri, Nigeria, participated in this study; 101 received Fansimef and 110 chloroquine for 3-18 months (mean 41 weeks). Prophylaxis was discontinued because of adverse effects in 7 volunteers in the Fansimef group (mainly insomnia, palpitations, dizziness, nausea and headache) and in 2 volunteers of the chloroquine group (headache and loss of hair in one volunteer, nausea, dizziness and vomiting in the other). Most of the adverse effects could be due to the mefloquine component. A few minor complaints of burning eyes, nausea and gastric pain were reported in both groups. Laboratory checks performed at 3-monthly intervals showed a slight, transient and clinically irrelevant (but statistically significant) increase of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase at month 3 in the Fansimef group. An attack of acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurred in one volunteer 6 weeks after discontinuation of prophylaxis with Fansimef. Antibodies against blood stage parasites could be demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence test at different stages of the study, indicating that these two antimalarials are not causal prophylactic agents.
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PMID:Tolerability of long-term malaria prophylaxis with the combination mefloquine + sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine (Fansimef): results of a double blind field trial versus chloroquine in Nigeria. 290 58

Trazodone's unique chemical structure reflects its distinct pharmacologic profile. Its antidepressant efficacy is postulated to occur through serotonin reuptake inhibition. It has little effect on other neurotransmitter systems. In the United States it has been studied in several double-blind trials which compared it to standard antidepressants and placebo. Both in- and outpatients spanning a spectrum of age and diagnoses have been studied. Trazodone has been shown to be at least as effective as standard antidepressants. There are few anticholinergic or cardiovascular side effects. Adverse reactions include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea and rarely, priapism. It is relatively safe in overdose. Trazodone deserves special consideration in the treatment of patients with depression accompanied by marked agitation, anxiety, and insomnia, as well as those unable to tolerate anticholinergic side effects.
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PMID:Overview of USA controlled trials of trazodone in clinical depression. 313 15

A study of neurological disorders and services is presented. The ten most common neurological diagnoses were headache, back disorders, neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease, dizziness/insomnia, myopathies, soft tissue disorder, intracranial injury, neurological symptoms (numbness, etc.), and Parkinson's disease. The pattern of diseases is similar to that reflected in the prevalence of those in the US. The annual beneficiary rate was 1.6% of the population, the median age was 45 years, and the majority (52%) served were females. There were 1.8 annual services per beneficiary and the median hospital stay was 9 days. Ambulatory care accounted for the majority (62%) of services and 64% of the inpatient services were delivered by neurosurgeons. The majority of the admissions (61%) and of the ambulatory services (55%) were provided in Regina.
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PMID:Neurological disorders and services in Saskatchewan--a report based on provincial health care records. 326 99

Data on adverse reactions due to the quinolone antibacterial agents--ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin, and enoxacin--observed in a patient sample of approximately 30,000 are reviewed. Overall rates of adverse reactions were 4.0%-8.0%, and adverse reactions necessitated discontinuation of therapy in 1.0%-2.6% of patients. Patterns of organ-system involvement and of signs and symptoms were quite similar, with gastrointestinal effects predominating (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain in 1.0%-5.0% of the patients), followed by effects on the central nervous system (dizziness, headache, and/or insomnia in 0.1%-0.3% of the patients) and skin (0.5%-2.2% of the patients). Elevation in levels of hepatic enzymes occurred in 1.8%-2.5% of the patients, azotemia in 0.2%-1.3%, and eosinophilia in 0.2%-2.0%. These adverse effects were reversible after drug withdrawal and were generally not dose-dependent. Within the constraints of the relatively small number of well-documented patients and the unique mechanism of action of these antimicrobial agents, the safety profile of these drugs seems to make them acceptable for use when their administration is well directed and specific. In addition, close surveillance for new phenomena should be maintained.
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PMID:Adverse effects of the fluoroquinolones. 327 99


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