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 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Incidents of smoke in aircraft cabins often result from jet engine oil and/or hydraulic fluid that leaks into ventilation air, which can be subjected to temperatures that exceed 500 degrees C. Exposed flight-crew members have reported symptoms, including dizziness, nausea, disorientation, blurred vision, and tingling in the legs and arms. In this study, the authors investigated pyrolysis products of one jet engine oil and two hydraulic fluids at 525 degrees C. Engine oil was an important source of carbon monoxide. Volatile agents and organophosphate constituents were released from all the agents tested; however, the neurotoxin trimethyl propane phosphate was not found. The authors hypothesized that localized condensation of pyrolysis products in ventilation ducts, followed by mobilization when cabin heat demand was high, accounted for mid-flight incidents. The authors recommended that carbon monoxide data be logged continuously to capture levels during future incidents.
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PMID:Hydraulic fluids and jet engine oil: pyrolysis and aircraft air quality. 1133 83

Between 1989 and 1999, 25 cases of puffer fish poisoning (PFP) were admitted to the medical service of Chon Buri Hospital. The severity of the poisoning was classified into four stages based on clinical signs and symptoms of PFP. Of the 25 patients, 23 were males and 2 were females. Three patients were in stage 1, four were in stage 2 and eighteen were in stage 4. Paresthesia was the early presenting complaint of all patients. Paresthesia consisting of either numbness or tingling of lips, tongue, around the mouth, hands, and feet. Muscle weakness, dizziness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting were common complaints. Eighteen patients developed acute flaccid paralysis and respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support. All patients received symptomatic and supportive treatment and general supportive care, including gastric lavage and intravenous fluid. Intubation and mechanical ventilation was considered especially when paralysis was progressing rapidly. Most were taken off the respirator 12-48 hours later. All patients completely recovered without any sequelae. Clinical features of PFP, toxicity of puffer fish and management were discussed.
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PMID:Puffer fish poisoning: clinical features and management experience in 25 cases. 1146 Sep 40

The aim of the present study was to investigate baseline neurophysiological characteristics of the central and autonomous regulation and their reactivity to different tests in a group of persons with so-called 'electrical hypersensitivity', which is often considered as a form of psychosomatic disorders. Twenty patients with combinations of neuroasthenic symptoms (general fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache) and facial skin (itching, tingling, redness) have been investigated. An equal number of symptom-free persons served as a control group. The examination comprised self-reported measures, testing of visual functions, measurements of blood pressure, heart rate and its variability, electrodermal activity, respiration, EEG and visual evoked potentials (VEP). Several variables were found to differ between the patient and the control groups. The mean value of heart rate in rest condition was higher in the patient group compared to the controls (mean value of inter-beat intervals were 0.80 and 0.90 s, respectively). Heart rate variability and response to standing test were decreased in the patient group compared to the controls. Patients had faster onset, higher amplitudes, and left-right hand asymmetry of the sympathetic skin responses. They had a higher critical fusion frequency (43 vs. 40 Hz), and a trend to increased amplitude of steady-state VEPs at stimulation frequencies of 30-70 Hz. The data indicated that the observed group of patients had a trend to hyper sympathotone, hyperresponsiveness to sensor stimulation and heightened arousal.
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PMID:Neurophysiological study of patients with perceived 'electrical hypersensitivity'. 1181 90

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a costly and debilitating pain syndrome which is commonly encountered by advanced practice nurses working in acute care settings. Fibromyalgia affects nearly 6 million people in the United States, approximately 80% to 90% of whom are women. Symptoms of FM include widespread and localized pain, disrupted sleep, fatigue, visceral pain and other pain syndromes, neurological symptoms (eg, dizziness, numbness, tingling, impaired cognition), and exercise-induced pain. Difficulties remaining active with FM may lead to extreme deconditioning, inability to remain employed, and eventually even impaired ability in complete activities of daily living. Exercise that combats deconditioning without triggering pain is, therefore, a key component in treating FM. Clinicians who understand FM pain and associated symptoms can minimize the negative impact of deconditioning by prescribing disease-specific exercise for people with FM.
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PMID:Prescribing exercise for people with fibromyalgia. 1201 99

Adolescent patients who report physical symptoms that are unexplained by physical disease or pathophysiologic processes are prevalent in health care settings. Physical symptoms with no notable physical pathology are often referred to as medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Common MUS found in adolescent populations include headaches, abdominal pain, back pain, fatigue, dizziness, numbness and tingling sensations in the limbs, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The most important diagnostic concern is the exclusion of neurologic and other general medical conditions. Failure to diagnose real physical pathology appropriately can have serious, deleterious consequences. However, it is also important for physicians to address psychological and other psychosocial factors that may play a role in the etiology or maintenance of MUS. The onus often falls on the primary care physician to screen for such problems and to make cost-effective and appropriate referrals. This article reviews some alternative treatment guidelines for physicians to assist in the assessment, intervention, and referral process for adolescent patients with MUS. The advantages of integrating psychological screening practices into the evaluation process and present recommendations regarding the management of such patients are discussed.
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PMID:Psychological assessment and treatment of somatization: adolescents with medically unexplained neurologic symptoms. 1227 Aug 4

The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy & safety profile of three different antituberculous regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis. The study sample size included 90 newly diagnosed, sputum positive patients of pulmonary. tuberculosis. 30 each from different groups. The parameters studied were, therapeutic efficacy included weight gain, cough, sputum examination and safety profile: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastritis, hepatitis, jaundice diarrhoea, rashes, dizziness, tingling & numbness, flu like symptoms & joint aches. Group-I showed statistically significant weight gain when compared to Group-II. Improvement in cough and conversion to smear negative were seen in 100% of patients in Group-I, 83.3% of patients in Group-II and 93.3% of patients in Group-III. Therapeutic efficacy was highest with Group I regimen, followed by Group III and Group II which was least efficacious. Group II also registered; the maximum cost and highest incidence of adverse effects.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety profile of three anti-tuberculous regimens in Mangalore. 1264 66

Dinitrotoluenes (DNTs) are nitroaromatic compounds appearing as pale yellow crystalline solids at room temperature. Dinitrotoluenes exist as a mixture of 2 to 6 isomers, with 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT being the most significant. About 500 persons are estimated to be potentially exposed yearly to 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT during the production of munitions and explosives. The main route of human exposure at ammunition facilities is inhalation, but dermal contact and inadvertent ingestion can also be substantial. In factory workers, exposure to DNTs has been linked to many adverse health effects, including cyanosis, vertigo, headache, metallic taste, dyspnea, weakness and lassitude, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Other symptoms including pain or parasthesia in extremities, abdominal discomfort, tremors, paralysis, chest pain, and unconsciousness have also been reported. The primary targets of DNT toxicity are the hematopoietic system (pallor, cyanosis, anemia, and leukocytosis), the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart disease), the nervous system (muscular weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea, insomnia, and tingling pains in the extremities) and the reproductive system (reduction of sperm counts, alteration of sperm morphology, and aspermatogenesis). An association between DNT exposure and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinomas and subcutaneous tumors in rats, as well as renal tumors in mice, has been established. Epidemiologic studies of DNT toxicity have been limited to small groups of workers who had been occupationally exposed at various ammunitions production facilities. Clearly defining the health effects of DNTs with a high degree of confidence has therefore been difficult because of the multigenic nature of occupational exposure. In an attempt to update the toxicologic profile of the DNTs, we hereby provide a critical review of the environmental and toxicologic pathology of DNTs, with a special emphasis on their potential implications for public health.
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PMID:Environmental toxicology and health effects associated with dinitrotoluene exposure. 1467 15

The aim of this study was to develop a standardized procedure for reproducible quantification of galvanic-induced body sway (GBS). This was a prospective experimental study conducted in a tertiary referral centre. An exploratory study was first conducted to define the galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) method that resulted in the best reproducible responses. Ten subjects underwent computer-controlled GVS using five different types of monaural and binaural stimulation with 2-mA currents. Cosinusoidal stimulation gave the most reproducible responses. The frequency and current variability of this stimulus type were then tested in the same 10 subjects. A monaural continuous 1-cosinusoidal current of 0.5 Hz and 2 mA gave the most reproducible responses (< 20% test-retest variation) and the largest GBS amplitude. The other (sinusoidal) stimuli resulted in variabilities exceeding 50%. This stimulus was thus used for further testing in our normative study. In this study we measured GBS amplitude at 0.5 Hz in 60 subjects, with eyes closed and an inter-feet distance of 0 cm, using a force platform. In addition to body sway, responses included slight dizziness, taste sensations and a tingling sensation at the site of stimulation. Habituation to the applied stimulus was seen. Binaural prestimulation, performed in 50/60 test subjects, is necessary to reduce habituation and achieve optimal reproducibility in order to be able to compare the sensitivity of the left and right vestibular systems. The test-retest variability was determined in detail in 12 additional subjects. Prestimulation reduced habituation, but improved the sensitivity of the method; some test-retest variability persisted (< 20%).
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PMID:Background on methods of stimulation in galvanic-induced body sway in young healthy adults. 1514 54

Firefighting is a stressful and hazardous job. Persons engaged in firefighting are highly exposed to work-related stress as well as to smoke containing a host of chemicals potentially harmful to human health. In order to elucidate whether firefighting affects neuroendocrine and behavioral responses of firefighters, plasma catecholamine (CA) levels and the prevalence of neurobehavioral symptoms in 62 firefighters (all males, mean age 43 yr) and 52 control subjects matched for age and sex were examined in this study. Self-reported neurobehavioral symptoms data were obtained from a questionnaire survey and personal interview. Concentrations of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Compared with matched controls, the firefighters showed higher prevalence (p<0.05) of neurobehavioral symptoms such as burning sensation in the extremities, tingling and numbness, transient loss of memory, and depression, but no significant difference was recorded in the prevalences of anxiety, vertigo and dizziness. The firefighters demonstrated a more than two-fold (p<0.05) rise in plasma levels of E and NE, but the plasma DA level was relatively unchanged. Controlling age and smoking as possible confounders, firefighting was found to be associated with raised E (OR=2.15; 95% CI, 0.98-4.52), and NE levels (OR=2.24 95% CI, 1.22-3.61). In conclusion, the job of firefighting appears to be associated with stimulation of sympathetic activity and a rise in the prevalence of neurobehavioral symptoms.
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PMID:Plasma catecholamine levels and neurobehavioral problems in Indian firefighters. 1678 83

A 37-year-old woman complained of headaches, dizziness and squeaking noises in her right ear that had been going on for about 3 months. After experiencing tingling sensations in the left side of her body she consulted a neurologist, who ordered an MRI scan of her head, on which skeletal abnormalities consistent with multiple metastases of the skull were seen. Extensive clinical screening showed no evidence of a primary tumour. Lab examination showed her serum alkaline phosphatase activity to be twice as high as normal. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in the skull. Plain X-rays of the skull showed large osteolytic areas and a thickened and sclerotic vault of the skull, characteristic of osteoporosis circumscripta due to Paget's disease of the skull. Treatment with oral risedronate, 30 mg per day for a period of 2 months resulted in a gradual decrease of symptoms and a rapid normalisation of bone turnover parameters. Five years after treatment the patient was still in remission and repeat X-rays ofthe skull taken after three years showed clear improvement of the osteolytic but not of the sclerotic lesions. Because Paget's disease has a relatively high prevalence in the elderly, it is important to know that it is not always recognised as such on MRI and that a simple X-ray can lead to the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:[A young woman with headaches and skull anomalies: a long road to the diagnosis 'Paget's disease']. 1705 90


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