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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three major documentary sources attest to the clinical safety of sucralfate in Japan. Two double-blind trials evaluated the safety and efficacy of sucralfate in 163 sucralfate-treated patients compared to 154 patients who received lactose placebo. The low indicence of side effects was comparable in both groups: constipation, 3.7% and 3.9%; oral dryness, 1.2% and 0%; skin eruption, 0.6% and 0.6%, respectively. Laboratory findings were within normal limits in sucralfate-treated patients. Side effects were monitored by 137 medical institutions over 4 years and reported under regulation to the Japanese health authorities. Follow-up of 2,298 patients yielded the following: constipation, 2.3%; oral dryness, 0.7%; nausea, 0.2%; stomach discomfort, 0.1%; increased upper GI complaints, 0.1%; and dizziness, 0.4%. Ninety-one papers from the literature were reviewed to further evaluate the safety of sucralfate treatment. Of 2.306 patients studied, constipation was noted in 2.2%, oral dryness in 0.7%, and nausea in 0.4%. More constipation and oral dryness were reported when anticholinergics were administered concomitantly with sucralfate. Laboratory tests in about 500 patients revealed no significant abnormalities. Experience has established a solid basis for the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of sucralfate. The only side effect of note was constipation; however, this symptom occurred in similarly low numbers of patients receiving either sucralfate or placebo.
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PMID:Safety experience with sucralfate in Japan. 645 63

Twenty-one patients whose severe ventricular arrhythmias were not controlled by other currently used antiarrhythmic agents or who were intolerant of those drugs were treated with a new antiarrhythmic agent, propafenone. This therapy was associated with complete or nearly complete suppression of premature ventricular beats in 15 (71%) of the patients, satisfactory control in 4 (19%) and no control in 2 (10%). The majority reported no adverse effects. The most frequent complaints were nausea or epigastric discomfort (in five patients) and lightheadedness or dizziness (in three patients). Thus, propafenone appeared to be an effective antiarrhythmic agent with an acceptable frequency of side effects when administered to patients whose ventricular arrhythmias were difficult to treat.
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PMID:Propafenone for the treatment of severe ventricular arrhythmias. 647 45

In 22 healthy children heart rate, blood pressure and plasma levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were evaluated under basal conditions and in response to standing (5 min). Basal plasma E and NE levels found in these children were (means +/- S.E.M.) 139 +/- 17.9 pg/ml and 236 +/- 31.0 pg/ml respectively. Ten out of the 22 children reported dizziness and discomfort by the end of the 5 min standing period. These children showed not only a greater decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure but also a lower basal heart rate, a tendency to higher basal NE levels and a blunted plasma NE response (23 +/- 7%) when compared with children not reporting symptoms (60 +/- 9%, P less than 0.01). Plasma E levels also showed an increment although a wide range of individual responses was observed in both groups.
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PMID:Evaluation of sympathetic nervous system and adrenomedullary activity in normal children. 687 1

More than 1200 patients who received pindolol for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and various arrhythmias in studies conducted in the United States were included in the New Drug Application submitted to the FDA. Nearly 1000 of these patients received pindolol as monotherapy. The side effects reported were generally transient and of mild or moderate severity. The most frequently reported side effects seen after pindolol administration, compared to those seen after placebo, were in decreasing order of incidence: headache, dizziness, insomnia, muscle pain, fatigue, weakness, nervousness, joint pain, edema, nausea, and muscle cramps. Other side effects that occurred more frequently with pindolol than with placebo but at a rather low incidence induced weight gain, bizarre dreams, visual disturbances, lethargy, and diarrhea. Nasal congestion, throat discomfort, nocturia, impotence, pruritus, anxiety, hypotension, bradycardia, and heart failure occurred only rarely. Of the 323 patients who received pindolol alone for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, only 20 (6.2%) were withdrawn from the study because of side effects. Overall, 3.4% of the patients treated with pindolol were withdrawn because of side effects, most of which involved the central nervous system, that is, insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, and headache. However, a few patients manifested some edema and weight gain while receiving pindolol alone. Review of the side effects data did not reveal a tendency for the incidence of side effects to be dose related. One placebo-controlled, double-blind study designed to evaluate the fixed dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension suggested that only the incidences of insomnia and nervousness increased with increasing doses. However, these side effects were generally transient and of mild or moderate severity. The evidence indicates that pindolol has an acceptable safety profile and that any side effects that appear are generally well tolerated and disappear with continued treatment.
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PMID:Adverse reactions to pindolol administration. 704 82

Long-term ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring is frequently used to evaluate patients with various cardiovascular complaints, including palpitations, dyspnea, discomfort in the chest, dizziness, and syncope. In the present study, 518 consecutive 24-hour electrocardiographic recordings were reviewed to determine correlations between cardiac diagnoses, presenting complaints, and specific electrocardiographic abnormalities. Two hundred seventy-four patients (53 percent) had significant arrhythmias; 212 (41 percent) had significant ventricular arrhythmias, and 106 (20 percent) significant atrial arrhythmias, including 44 patients (8 percent) with both. No presenting complaint or cardiovascular diagnosis correlated closely with any specific cardiac arrhythmia. Major arrhythmias, including supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias, often occurred asymptomatically (in 44/54 and 37/40 patients, respectively); however, among 371 patients with accurate historic logs, only 176 (47 percent) had long-term electrocardiographic studies in which their typical symptoms occurred during the monitoring period. Fifty (13 percent) of the 371 patients had concurrence of their presenting complaints with an arrhythmia, and 126 patients (34 percent) had their typical symptoms associated with a normal electrocardiogram, which was helpful in excluding an abnormality of rhythm or conduction as the primary cause for their complaints.
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PMID:Cardiovascular complaints. Correlation with cardiac arrhythmias on 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring. 741 65

Sri Lankan farmers use large amounts of pesticides to control the pests affecting their vegetable crops. Improper use of pesticides by farmers has resulted in poisoning of occupational origin. This paper examines the use of protective measures by pesticide applicators and its relationship to their illness symptoms. The data were collected by interviewing a stratified random sample of 150 farmers from predominantly vegetable growing areas of the Matale district during 1990/91 using structured questionnaires. These data were supplemented with secondary data and observation of all stages of pesticide application. Scales were constructed to measure the domains of material style of life, awareness and use of protective measures, and illness symptoms experienced by pesticide applicators. It was found that most of the farmers were aware of the protective measures to be used when applying pesticides. There was, however, no significant positive relationship between awareness and use of protective measures. The main reason for not using protective measures was discomfort. The most common symptoms reported by pesticide applicators were faintish feeling, headache and dizziness. A significant negative relationship was observed between use of protective measures and symptoms exhibited within four hours of application. It is recommended that protective materials adapted to the climate and socio-economic conditions of farmers be developed, and that farmers be encouraged to use these protective materials through appropriate educational efforts and incentives.
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PMID:Protective measure use and symptoms among agropesticide applicators in Sri Lanka. 772 16

Orthostatic hypotension is a fall in blood pressure on standing that causes symptoms of dizziness, visual changes, and discomfort in the head and neck. The goal of treatment is the improvement of the patient's functional capacity, rather than a target blood pressure. For treatment to be successful, it must be individualized. Non-pharmalogic interventions include carefully managed exercise, scheduled activities, and monitoring of the environmental temperature. Agents such as fludrocortisone, midodrine, and epoetin alfa offer successful pharmacologic interventions. Although these measures ease the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, current approaches neither reverse nor stabilize the disease process in autonomic disorders.
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PMID:Recent advances in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. 774 70

Diesel exhaust is a common air pollutant and work exposure has been reported to cause discomfort and affect lung function. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental setup which would allow investigation of acute effects on symptoms and lung function in humans exposed to diluted diesel exhaust. Diluted diesel exhaust was fed from an idling lorry through heated tubes into an exposure chamber. During evaluations of the setup we found the size and the shape of the exhaust particles to appear unchanged during the transport from the tail pipe to the exposure chamber. The composition of the diesel exhaust expressed as the ratios CO/NO, total hydrocarbons/NO, particles/NO, NO2/NO, and formaldehyde/NO were almost constant at different dilutions. The concentrations of NO2 and particles in the exposure chamber showed no obvious gradients. New steady state concentrations in the exposure chamber were obtained within 5-7 min. In a separate experiment eight healthy nonsmoking subjects were exposed to diluted exhaust at a median steady state concentration of 1.6 ppm NO2 for the duration of 1 h in the exposure chamber. All subjects experienced unpleasant smell, eye irritation, and nasal irritation. Throat irritation, headache, dizziness, nausea, tiredness, and coughing were experienced by some subjects. Lung function was not found to be affected during the exposure. The experimental setup was found to be appropriate for creating different predetermined steady state concentrations in the exposure chamber of diluted exhaust from a continuously idling vehicle. The acute symptoms reported by the subjects were relatively similar to what patients reported at different workplaces.
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PMID:Evaluation of an exposure setup for studying effects of diesel exhaust in humans. 780

Six randomized, double-blind, two-period crossover studies, conducted under similar protocols, compared the efficacy of two analgesic combinations containing caffeine with an acetaminophen 1000 mg control and with a placebo in outpatients with episodic tension-type headaches. In four studies, comprising 1900 patients, the caffeine-containing analgesic consisted of a combination of 500 mg acetaminophen, 500 mg aspirin, and 130 mg caffeine (APAP/ASA/CAF). In two studies, comprising 911 patients, the caffeine-containing analgesic consisted of a combination of 1000 mg acetaminophen and 130 mg caffeine (APAP/CAF). Patients self-medicated for moderate or severe headache pain, and with a self-rating record they rated their pain and its relief hourly for 4 hours. In all six studies, the caffeine-containing analgesics were significantly superior both to placebo and to 1000 mg acetaminophen, and acetaminophen was significantly superior to placebo. The significant analgesic adjuvant effect of caffeine was independent of patients' usual caffeine use or their caffeine consumption in the 4 hours before medication. For each treatment, the pooled analgesic responses for the four studies of APAP/ASA/CAF were virtually superimposable on the responses in the two APAP/CAF studies. The combinations produced more stomach discomfort, nervousness, and dizziness than acetaminophen or placebo.
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PMID:Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant in tension headache. 795 22

The recent publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition (D.S.M-III) has provided the basis for the separate diagnostic entity of panic disorder. A panic attack is characterized by the abrupt onset of apprehension or fear accompanied by symptoms such as dyspnea, palpitation, chest discomfort, dizziness, sweating, feeling of unreality, and fear of dying. Panic disorder, defined as four panic attacks in a four week period, has a lifetime prevalence of 1 to 2 percent of the general population. In these patients, panic disorders can be provoked by pharmacological challenge with sodium lactate, yohimbine, caffeine and carbon dioxide inhalation. Recently, the relationship between panic disorder and depression became a subject of investigation from various points of view.
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PMID:[Panic disorder]. 800 10


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