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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical trial of a 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen for pain relief was carried out to determine the feasibility of its use in a field setting and the side-effects produced by this sedative/analgesic. The gas mixture was delivered from a single-tank system using a demand-valve apparatus which was triggered by the patient's inspiratory effort. This "patient-controlled" sedation/analgesia was provided to 1243 patients over a period of 18 months. Of the 1201 patients evaluated, 20.6% reported minor side-effects consisting of nausea or vomiting (5.7%), dizziness or lightheadedness (10.3%), excitement (3.7%), and numbness (0.3%). Ninety-one (7.6%) patients became drowsy or fell into a light sleep but all were readily aroused by verbal command. All retained the ability to cough or swallow on command. No consistent or clinically adverse changes were found in BP or pulse rates. The trial supports the concept that this agent is a promising sedative/analgesic for the relief of mild to moderate pain and anxiety. Because of its safety, it is particularly suited to use in prehospital emergency care.
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PMID:Patient-controlled inhalational analgesia in prehospital care: a study of side-effects and feasibility. 635 85

An on demand intramuscular analgesic system using the Cardiff Palliator was tested. Forty consenting patients were studied after cholecystectomy in a double blind trial using increments of buprenorphine (0.15 mg), meptazinol (50 mg), morphine (5 mg), and pethidine (50 mg). Most patients attained good levels of pain relief (mean analogue pain score 36.5), comparable to intravenous on demand analgesia. There were no technical complications. Significant differences were found between drugs in dizziness (pethidine produced the worst score) but not with other side effects. Buprenorphine produced longer lasting analgesia than meptazinol or pethidine and also gave the lowest pain scores. Patterns of analgesic consumption were the same as with intravenous on demand systems, but larger amounts of drug were generally used. Relative analgesic potencies derived from drug consumption rates were also consistent with those from intravenous on demand studies. An on demand intramuscular analgesic system offers a simple but effective means of relieving severe postoperative pain.
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PMID:Intramuscular on demand analgesia: double blind controlled trial of pethidine, buprenorphine, morphine, and meptazinol. 640 1

Twenty traumatized patients suffering from burns, fractures and bruises were given either 0.5 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg ketamine intramuscularly for analgesia. Within 10 min effective analgesia was present in both groups. In the 1 mg/kg group analgesia was more intense, and of longer duration. The higher dose of ketamine led to an impairment in the level of consciousness. Some of the patients of this group were markedly desorientated. The highest plasma levels of ketamine were 147 ng/ml (median) in the 0.5 mg/kg group at 30 min and 474 ng/ml (median) in the 1.0 mg/kg group at 15 min. As to side-effects, 3 patients reported dizziness and 1 patient vomited. Intramuscular applications of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine affords a good but short lasting analgesia with few side-effects.
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PMID:[Intramuscular ketamine analgesia in emergency patients. II. Clinical study of traumatized patients]. 647 34

Intrathecal ketamine, which has not previously been described in man, has been administered to 16 patients with war injuries of the lower limbs. The first five received varying doses from 5 to 50 mg in a volume of 3 ml of 5% dextrose, to determine a dose-response curve (Group 1). The optimal dose was then administered to a further 11 patients who received ketamine 50 mg in a volume of 3 ml in 5% dextrose with the addition of adrenaline 0.1 mg (Group 2). A distinct sensory level was obtained in all patients. In Group 2, nine of the eleven patients obtained satisfactory surgical analgesia and two required supplementation with local anaesthetic. Central effects (drowsiness, dizziness, and nystagmus) also occurred in nine patients, but they remained conscious throughout; one patient experienced no central effects, and one patient developed dissociative anaesthesia. Central effects were more intense the higher level of block. There were no significant changes in mean systolic arterial blood pressure, pulse, or respiratory rates. Surgical analgesia for the blocked dermatomes lasted for a mean of 58 minutes (range 45-90), and recovery was complete and uncomplicated; mild generalised analgesia persisted for a further one to three hours following return of sensation. Ketamine alone did not produce motor block, but addition of adrenaline resulted in complete motor block, and may have intensified sensory blockade. Motor loss persisted for the same duration as surgical analgesia. Adrenaline neither delayed the onset of central effects, nor reduced their intensity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intrathecal ketamine for war surgery. A preliminary study under field conditions. 649 99

Analgesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen (Entonox) has been found to give adequate pain relief for 90 minor casualty procedures in over 90% of cases at moderate altitude. It was self administered except in six patients. Children between 6 and 10 years of age comprised 14% of patients, and the majority of the remainder were young adults. Additional analgesia was required in 11 patients, with no increase in complications. Complications were few; drowsiness occurred in 9%, dizziness was troublesome in one patient, but there was no nausea or vomiting and no one became unconscious. In situations where trained personnel are scarce, and where supervision can only be given at the time of the procedure and even at moderate altitudes Entonox is a clinically effective safe analgesic.
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PMID:Entonox for casualties at 1000 m: use of nitrous oxide analgesia in Nigeria at moderate altitude. 650 31

The analgesic response to codeine of patients with postpartum uterine-cramp pain has recently met with controversy. To readdress this question, we conducted a new study comparing codeine sulfate, 60 mg (N = 32) and 120 mg (N = 31), with aspirin, 650 mg (N = 34), and placebo (N = 32) in hospitalized women with moderate or severe postpartum uterine cramps treated with single oral doses in a parallel, stratified, randomized, double-blind trial. Subjective reports were used as indices of response, and patients rated pain intensity, pain relief, and side effects at periodic, uniformly conducted interviews for 6 hr. Most measures of analgesia exhibited important differences among the treatments. In patients with undifferentiated pain (N = 129) and in a subset of patients with pure uterine cramps (N = 56; i.e., no concomitant episiotomy), aspirin showed the greatest response, whereas codeine responses were equivocal with no evidence of a positive dose response. In contrast, in a subset of patients with mixed episiotomy-uterine pain (N = 73), 120 mg codeine showed good separation from placebo and compared favorably with aspirin. Codeine, 60 mg, showed a similar trend, and there was a strong suggestion of dose-dependent analgesia. Side effects were not remarkable except for dizziness and drowsiness after 120 mg codeine in all sets and subsets of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Codeine and aspirin analgesia in postpartum uterine cramps: qualitative aspects of quantitative assessments. 661 71

Morphine sulphate 5 mg and placebo administered epidurally after caesarean section under epidural analgesia were compared in a double-blind fashion. Morphine was significantly superior to placebo for pain relief, duration of pain relief, and reduction of parenteral narcotic requirements. Pruritus was the most commonly encountered side-effect. There was no statistical difference between morphine and placebo in the incidence of urinary catheterisation, vomiting, nausea, dizziness or drowsiness. No serious respiratory depression requiring treatment was observed.
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PMID:Epidural morphine after caesarean section. 686 75

Metkephamid is an analog of methionine enkephalin. The efficacy, safety, and time course of analgesia with 70 or 140 mg metkephamid were compared with those of 100 mg meperidine and placebo in 59 hospitalized women with severe postpartum episiotomy pain. There were two separate trials with single intramuscular doses and identical designs, including parallel groups, randomized blocks, and double-blind conditions. Using subjective reports as indexes of response, patients rated pain intensity, pain relief, and side effects at periodic interviews for 6 hr. Almost all measures of summed and peak analgesia exhibited important differences among the three treatments in both trials. Metkephamid at the 140-mg dose was the most effective and meperidine, 100 mg, was next, whereas metkephamid, 70 mg, and placebo were least effective. Only metkephamid, 140 mg, and meperidine were measurably superior to placebo. Both treatments took effect within 30 min and peaked at 1 to 2 hr; with 140 mg metkephamid, maximum analgesia was sustained 6 hr, i.e., 2 hr longer than with meperidine. Metkephamid, 70 mg, could not be distinguished from placebo throughout its entire time course. Although dizziness was experienced with meperidine, the two metkephamid doses induced other side effects, including sensation of heavy limbs, dry mouth, eye redness, and nasal stuffiness. None were distressing. Our results suggest that 140 mg metkephamid compares favorably with 100 mg meperidine for analgesia after episiotomy, but it induces minor side effects more frequently.
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PMID:Metkephamid and meperidine analgesia after episiotomy. 687 19

The efficacy and acceptability of bromocriptine in suppressing postpartum lactation was determined in a double blind study in which bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice daily for 14 days was compared with a placebo. Forty women who decide during the antenatal period not to breast feed entered the study. The bromocriptine treated group had significantly less mammary secretion and breast engorgement than the control group and also required less analgesia. The most noticeable side effects during the trial were dizziness, headache and abdominal pain. The only statistical difference between the two groups was a higher incidence of dizziness in the bromocriptine treated group.
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PMID:Lactation suppression with bromocriptine. 703 47

The efficacy and safety of 0.3 mg buprenorphine on single and repeated intramuscular administration (every 4 to 8 hours as needed) were compared to those of 10 mg intramuscular morphine. Fifty adult patients experiencing moderate to severe postoperative pain were evaluated up to three days following surgery. Results showed that 0.3 mg buprenorphine was as effective as 10 mg morphine, whether given as a single dose or on a repeat-dose schedule. The patterns of analgesia were similar and without indication of increasing dosage requirements with time. Minor side effects encountered were brief and minimal, including such conditions as drowsiness, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, and nausea.
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PMID:The study of analgesics following single and repeated doses. 722 17


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