Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a medical out-patient clinic, over a period of several years, atrial myxoma was diagnosed in four patients with ages ranging between 32 and 69 years. With the exception of one patient referred for assessment of ventricular premature beats, presentation was not primarily attributable to cardiac causes. In all patients, there was a latency period of years between the onset of symptoms and establishment of the diagnosis. The history of patients with atrial myxoma includes symptoms such as dizziness, syncope, transient cerebral ischemia, weight loss and malaise. The differential diagnosis may encompass consideration of neoplastic disease since laboratory findings can reveal evidence of an inflammatory reaction, accelerated sedimentation rate, anemia, abnormal electrophoresis, hypoproteinemia as well as elevated alkaline phosphatase. One patient had undergone numerous examinations to rule out the presence of malignant disease. Symptoms related to the cardiovascular system include exertional dyspnea, premature beats, tachyarrhythmias and nonspecific chest pain. Auscultatory findings are consistent with those of mitral stenosis. M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography established the diagnosis in all patients and confirmed the usefullness of this examination technique in the assessment of patients in a general medical clinic.
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PMID:[Atrial myxoma in the patients of a general and internal medicine outpatient clinic]. 666 80

Phenytoin sodium was evaluated for its effect on the development and intensity of acute mountain sickness (AMS) because of its ability to reduce intracellular Na+ concentrations in brain and thereby minimize any tendency to increase cellular volume, a hypothetical cause of AMS. Six men aged 19-35 were exposed to approximately 4600 m altitude in a hypobaric chamber for 52 h on two occasions separated by 10 d at sea level. Subjects received wither phenytoin or placebo for 18 h before (700 mg, divided dose) and throughout (100 mg t.i.d.) each altitude exposure in a double-blind, repeated-measures (crossover) design. Phenytoin serum concentrations ranged from 4.4-13.9 micrograms/ml during altitude exposure. Twice daily questionnaires and clinical evaluations showed no marked benefit from phenytoin on the occurrence, severity, or duration of AMS symptoms: headache, nausea, insomnia, and general malaise. Overall, 1 subject felt better, 2 felt worse, 1 felt the same; 2 were not suitably comparable. There was no observed relationship between serum levels and symptoms of AMS. Moderate degrees of weakness and dizziness were each reported by 3 subjects with phenytoin but not with placebo, however. Resting pulmonary ventilation, end-tidal PO2 and PCO2, map reading abilities and respiratory mask donning times were not affected by phenytoin. Under the conditions of this trial, phenytoin did not appear to be useful in managing AMS.
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PMID:Phenytoin: ineffective against acute mountain sickness. 676 69

Chromosome studies were done in 8 males and 18 females who were accidentally exposed for 4 work days (i.e., 8 hr/day) to vapors of ortho dichlorobenzene. The clinical symptoms in 10 individuals included headache, general malaise, dizziness, and nausea. All persons had variable degrees of mucosal irritations. Of the 1345 cells studied, 120 disclosed chromosomal aberrations (mean = 8.92%), whereas a control group of 11 healthy individuals revealed 19 cells with aberrations in 942 cells examined (mean = 2.02%). The main chromosomal alterations were 84 single breaks (6.25%) and 86 double breaks (6.39%). In the control group there were 2 single breaks (0.92%) and 10 double breaks (1.06%), with significant statistic values of P less than .001 for the exposed group. Other chromosomal aberrations were poliploidy and ring formation but these were not statistically significant. Chromosome studies conducted 6 months later in 15 persons of the exposed group disclosed a significant reduction of chromosomal aberrations, but these were still present as compared with the control group. Although definite chromosomal changes occurred, these alterations seemed to be reversible after several months, at least with an original 4-day exposure to the clastogen chemical.
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PMID:Clastogenic chromosomal aberrations in 26 individuals accidentally exposed to ortho dichlorobenzene vapors in the National Medical Center in Mexico City. 711 4

Halothane and enflurane anesthesia were administered without surgery to young volunteer subjects who were compared with unanesthetized control subjects. All subjects were tested for intellectual function, visual-motor coordination, and personality characteristics, and they were asked to complete a symptom checklist on three occasions: before anesthesia, 2 days after anesthesia, and 2 weeks after anesthesia. Except for slight temporary effects in a few individuals, anesthesia altered neither intellectual or visual-motor measures nor personality characteristics. Although both anesthetics induced a number of symptoms persisting for 2 days after anesthesia, malaise was clearly greater following halothane than enflurane. Halothane was specifically associated with difficulty in remembering things, difficulty in concentrating, faintness or dizziness, and having to do things slowly to do them right. These symptoms were absent at the 2-week test.
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PMID:Psychological functioning after halothane or enflurane anesthesia. 718 62

Depressive illness was a common clinical syndrome found in general practice in Hong Kong. The phenomenon of somatization among Chinese depressives in general practice was investigated. Patients clinically identified as depressed were compared with organic patients in terms of their presenting complaints and responses to a symptom checklist. Sleep disturbances, general malaise, pains and aches, dizziness, and menopausal symptoms were the most frequent distrubances that prompted Chinese depressives to seek help in general practice. When directly asked, these patients admitted having various psychological features including dysphoric mood, self-reproach, loss off interest in social activities and in sex. Subgroup comparisons showed little sex difference in initial complaints and admitted symptomatology among the depressives. Some age differences were observed in the presenting complaints. The discrepancy between the pattern of presenting complaints and admitted symptoms suggest that patients were aware of their emotional disturbance even though they tended to express these distrubances in somatic terms in their help-seeking processes. Distinction between the expression mode and the recognition mode of somatization was discussed.
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PMID:Somatization among Chinese depressives in general practice. 720 90

A 40-year-old man developed general malaise, dizziness and progressive headache 1 week after acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Bizarre behaviour, confusion and adversive seizures occurred later. MRI showed haemorrhagic infarct in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus and abnormal signal density in the internal cerebral veins. Bilateral carotid angiography showed no filling of superior sagittal sinus and internal cerebral veins. With MRI, cerebral venous thrombosis can be suspected and diagnosed earlier than before, obviating any invasive investigation.
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PMID:MRI in internal cerebral vein thrombosis: case note. 747 53

In order to study functional as well as anatomical aspects of various internal organs, SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography) has been used extensively for evaluation of these organs. For SPECT study, intravenous injection of radioactive substances such as technetium-99m (20 millicuries) & thallium-201 chloride (3 millicuries) is commonly used. Although the physical half-life of thallium-201 chloride is 73 hours, its biological half-life is often more than 3.5 times that. Following intravenous injection of thallium-201 chloride it is concentrated in the heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas, thyroid gland, testes or ovaries, and then eventually decays to mercury. Because of its relatively long physical & biological half-lives, thallium-201 chloride may produce mild radiation injury while it remains radioactive. Similar injuries may be induced by technetium-99m (often used for brain SPECT), which radiates Gamma rays (140 KeV), but since its physical half-life is only 6 hours, the side effects are not as significant as those of thallium-201 chloride. Since the main component of thallium-201 chloride radiation is X-ray (68-82 KeV), which consists of photons with a very short wavelength and a high penetrating power, prolonged exposure can induce electromagnetic field-induced injury. As a previous study of the principal author on electromagnetic field exposure indicated, electromagnetic field-induced injury causes the change of L-amino acids to D-amino acids. 2 days after SPECT study of the heart with intravenous injection of thallium-201 chloride, the principal author experienced shortness of breath, loss of appetite, dizziness, fever, and general malaise within the week, and found a progressively significant increase in D-glutamic acid and decrease in L-glutamic acid peaking 2 weeks after the initial injection but lasting for many weeks after in organs such as the heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas, thyroid gland & testes, where radioactive substances had accumulated and radiation was at an average of about 400 counts/min. Even 2 months after the initial injection, the abnormal ratio of D-amino acids and L-amino acids had not returned to normal (in the radiation exposed heart, L-amino acids: 6 mg/dl with D-amino acids: 5 mg/dl; normal tissue, L-amino acids: 10 mg/dl with D-amino acids < 1 mg/dl). The principal author tried to find a safe method of reducing possible radiation injury and accelerating the elimination of the already deposited mercury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Radiation injury & mercury deposits in internal organs as a result of thallium-201 chloride intravenous injection for SPECT imaging; additional biochemical information obtained in the images of organs from SPECT or PET scans; & potential injury due to radiation exposure during long distance flights. 749 50

Sumatriptan is a potent and selective agonist at a vascular serotonin1 (5-hydroxytryptamine1; 5-HT1) receptor subtype (similar to 5-HT1D) and is used in acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache. Following administration of sumatriptan 100mg orally, relief of migraine headache (at 2 hours) was achieved in 50 to 67% of patients compared with 10 to 31% with placebo in controlled clinical trials. In a comparative study, oral administration of sumatriptan 100mg consistently achieved significantly greater response rates than a fixed combination of ergotamine 2mg plus caffeine 200mg during 3 consecutive migraine attacks (66 vs 48% for first attack). Oral sumatriptan 100mg was also more effective than aspirin 900mg plus metoclopramide 10mg orally in a similar study. In the majority of controlled clinical trials, headache relief (at 1 hour after administration) was achieved in 70 to 80% of patients with migraine receiving sumatriptan 6mg subcutaneously compared with 18 to 26% of placebo recipients. Approximately 40% of patients who initially responded to oral or subcutaneous sumatriptan experienced recurrence of their headache, usually within 24 hours, but the majority of these patients responded well to a further dose of sumatriptan. Patients with cluster headache were treated for acute attacks with sumatriptan 6mg subcutaneously or placebo in 2 crossover trials. Headache relief was achieved within 15 minutes in 74 and 75% of patients receiving sumatriptan in these studies compared with 26 and 35%, respectively, with placebo. Patients receiving sumatriptan 12mg had a similar response rate as those receiving 6mg, but the higher dose was associated with an increased incidence of adverse events. Based on extensive safety data pooled from controlled clinical trials, sumatriptan is generally well tolerated and most adverse events are transient. The most frequently reported adverse events following oral administration include nausea, vomiting, malaise, fatigue and dizziness. Injection site reactions (minor pain and redness of brief duration) occur in approximately 40% of patients receiving subcutaneous sumatriptan, although the incidence appears to be markedly reduced when patients self-administer the drug with an auto-injector. Chest symptoms (mainly tightness and pressure) occur in 3 to 5% of sumatriptan recipients, but have not been associated with myocardial ischaemia except in a few isolated cases. Sumatriptan is contraindicated in patients with ischaemic heart disease, angina pectoris including Prinzmetal (variant) angina, previous myocardial infarction and uncontrolled hypertension, but is not contraindicated in patients with migraine and asthma. Data from long term studies in acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache suggest that sumatriptan remains effective and well tolerated over several months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Sumatriptan. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache. 751 61

Interferon alpha is a biologic agent with demonstrated anti-tumor activity in a variety of hematologic and solid malignancies. Many patients treated with interferon experience acute toxicity manifested as a flu-like syndrome of fever, chills, myalgias, and malaise. However, fatigue, anorexia, bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and confusion may also occur. Cardiotoxicity is a rare complication of interferon therapy that most frequently presents as transient episodes of hypotension and tachycardia, with few significant life-threatening cardiovascular effects reported. A small number of cases of suspected interferon-induced cardiomyopathy, all of which improved after discontinuing interferon, have recently been documented. We report a patient with multiple myeloma who developed severe congestive cardiomyopathy while receiving interferon alpha that did not reverse subsequent to discontinuation of interferon therapy. Although the patient had previously received doxorubicin, the presence on endomyocardial biopsy of a prominent intracellular lipid accumulation within myocytes and only grade 2 anthracycline cardiotoxicity suggested that other or additional factor(s) contributed to the severity of this patient's cardiomyopathy. Etiologies of cardiac dysfunction other than interferon and doxorubicin were excluded. While a direct cause-effect relationship between interferon alpha and irreversible congestive cardiomyopathy cannot be firmly established in this case report, patients who either concurrently or sequentially receive interferon and anthracyclines should be carefully monitored for evidence of cardiac toxicity.
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PMID:Irreversible, severe congestive cardiomyopathy occurring in association with interferon alpha therapy. 771 76

The safety and tolerability of sumatriptan have been extensively studied. The majority of adverse events (defined as any medical event irrespective of possible causal relationship to treatment) were mild to moderate in intensity, transient and resolved spontaneously. In short-term studies, the most frequently reported adverse events were nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, malaise, fatigue, injection-site reactions, heaviness, pressure, feelings of warmth and headache. The adverse event profile was unchanged during long-term open treatment and was unaffected by frequency of treatment with sumatriptan. In 3-5% of patients, the symptoms of pressure and warmth were experienced in the chest, but extensive investigations, including ECG monitoring, have indicated that these symptoms are not normally associated with cardiac dysfunction.
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PMID:The clinical profile of sumatriptan: safety and tolerability. 783 82


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