Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to verify long-term therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of dihydroergocristine (DHEC, CAS 17479-19-5) in a double blind placebo controlled study, in elderly patients with psychosyndrome characterized by memory and behaviour impairment. Two hundred patients, aged more than 65 years, were randomly divided into two groups of one hundred each. The first group received one 6-mg DHEC tablet daily for four months and the other group received placebo. The evaluation parameter for efficacy was the neuropsychological test SCAG (Scale of Clinical Assessment for Geriatrics), administered before and after 30, 60 and 120 days. The results showed a significant difference between DHEC and placebo with regard to total and partial scores of SCAG as well as to single items (mental alertness, recent memory, disorientation, anxiety, mood depression, emotional lability, motivation, uncooperativeness, fatigue, headache, tinnitus). After as few as thirty days of DHEC treatment the severity of mental and psychological symptoms was markedly decreased (p vs placebo < 0.01), as documented by significant positive changes of SCAG items. The four-month double blind period was followed by a two-month single blind period, during which patients of both groups received placebo. At the end of these two months, SCAG total score was unfavourably increased in patients previously administered DHEC, although scores were still significantly lower both versus baseline and versus previous placebo patients. Safety was good (placebo: one case of diarrhea; DHEC: one case of gastralgia and dizziness). Nine patients dropped out for reasons unrelated to treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Controlled study of the effect of dihydroergocristine on organic brain psychosyndrome]. 149 63

It is the first report of an outbreak of 114 food-poisoning cases due to consumption of Penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. Gastralgia, diarrhea, dizziness and general malaise are chief symptoms of the poisoning, with incubation period of 2-6 hrs generally and a short disease period (generally recovered within 2-3 days). No enteropathogenic organism, pathogenic coccus and Campylobacter jejuni were detected. Surface fungi counts were 49,000/g, 21.3 times of that discovered in the marketed dried persimmon. Penicillium cyclopium Westling was the dominant fungus isolated. Mouse toxicity tests were carried out with the crude extracts of the fungus culture. Diarrhea, tremor and convulsion were observed before death. During autopsy, necrosis and hemorrhagic foci were observed in G.I. tract after intra-peritoneal injection and intubation. In histo-pathological examination, different degree of necrosis and scaling of gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, lymphocyte infiltration, and necrosis of liver cells and renal tubule epithelial cells could be seen.
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PMID:An outbreak of poisoning from Penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. 164 84

Cabergoline (CAB) is a new oral dopaminergic compound showing a very long-lasting PRL-lowering activity and reported to be well tolerated. The efficacy and tolerability of chronic treatment with CAB in 30 female hyperprolactinemic patients, aged 18-52 yr (6 microadenomas, 3 macroadenomas, and 21 functional hyperprolactinemias), were studied. In a group of 10 patients who received CAB (0.8 mg once weekly or 0.4 mg twice weekly) for 8 weeks PRL levels normalized while on treatment and remained normal (8 patients) or greatly reduced (1 patient) for 1-2 months after discontinuation of the drug. Twenty-six patients underwent chronic treatment (6-12 months) with an initial dose of 0.5 mg once weekly, subsequently increased to 1-2 mg in 10 patients and decreased in the other 2. Due to severe side-effects CAB was discontinued in 3 patients, in 1, 8, and 12 weeks. A significant reduction of PRL levels was already observed after the first week of treatment (mean +/- SEM basal values, 90.1 +/- 13.3 vs. 29.5 +/- 6.3 micrograms/L; P less than 0.001). Twenty-two patients had normal PRL levels in 1-36 weeks (mean, 6 weeks) with 0.5-2 mg CAB. Twenty-two patients resumed regular menses; 2 patients became pregnant after 3-11 months of treatment. Thirteen patients complained of side-effects (nausea, hypotension, headache, gastric pain, dizziness, and weakness) that disappeared with time in 10 of them. The comparison with a previous bromocriptine treatment regimen in 20 patients had shown that the number of patients requiring discontinuation of the latter drug was significantly higher (7 vs. 3 patients; P less than 0.001). However, 2 patients who needed to discontinue CAB were able to tolerate bromocriptine therapy. A computed tomographic scan performed after 12 months of therapy in 7 patients showed a significant reduction (50%) of the adenoma in 5. In conclusion, our results show that CAB is a well tolerated new dopamine agonist with long-lasting activity that represents an advance in chronic medical treatment of hyperprolactinemic conditions.
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PMID:Effectiveness and tolerability of long term treatment with cabergoline, a new long-lasting ergoline derivative, in hyperprolactinemic patients. 257 Jul 90

In a multicentre open trial involving 229 investigators, cicletanine, a new antihypertensive agent, was administered orally in doses of 50 to 100 mg/day either alone (1,238 patients) or combined with another drug (430 patients). In this second group of patients with essential hypertension whose BP had not been normalized by a beta-blocker (n = 157), a calcium inhibitor (n = 67), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (n = 134) or an alpha-blocker (n = 7), cicletanine normalized BP (less than 160/95 mmHg) in 48.8% of the patients and significantly lowered BP values which fell from 177.7 +/- 15.9/103.3 +/- 6.3 mmHg to 157.2 +/- 17.6/88.8 +/- 8.7 mmHg. The addition of cicletanine to treatments with beta-blockers, calcium inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors normalized BP in 48%, 52% and 47% of patients respectively. A significant reduction of symptoms was noted, notably as regards headache, dizziness, palpitations, lower limb oedema, asthenia, auditory disorders and dyspnoea. The side-effects reported (headache, dizziness, gastralgia, nausea, pruritus) were minor and non-specific; they accounted for the withdrawal of only 8 patients. The only significant, though moderate, biochemical variations observed were decreases in natremia and cholesterolaemia unconfirmed by qualitative analysis. Altogether, cicletanine proved to be effective and well tolerated when administered in combination with other antihypertensive drugs belonging to three main therapeutic classes.
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PMID:[Antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerance of cicletanine. Results obtained with bitherapy]. 257 67

Renal insufficiency was not shown to affect the pharmacokinetics of terazosin in fifteen patients receiving oral terazosin (1 mg once daily) for two weeks. Five patients had normal renal function (creatinine clearance 80 ml per minute or more), five had moderate renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 30 to 79 ml per minute), and five had severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 10 to 29 ml per minute). Urine and blood samples were collected, and blood pressure and pulse rate were determined on days one and 15 of the study. Renal insufficiency had no significant effect on the absorption lag time, rate of absorption, rate of elimination in the urine, volume of distribution, or plasma clearance of terazosin. The plasma half-life of terazosin in patients with normal renal function was 10.0 hours, compared with 8.4 hours in patients with moderate renal insufficiency and 9.8 hours in the group with severe renal insufficiency. There was also no apparent relationship between renal insufficiency and the maximum change in blood pressure or pulse rate. Renal excretion was found to play a minor role in the elimination of terazosin, and this explains the lack of a relationship between renal insufficiency and the pharmacodynamics of terazosin. After the administration of terazosin on day 1 of the study, 1.6 +/- 0.3 percent and 5.1 +/- 1.4 percent of the total dose was excreted in the urine of patients with severe renal insufficiency and normal renal function, respectively. Adverse experiences were reported by four patients and caused one patient to withdraw from the study. Symptoms reported included gastralgia, headache, dizziness, malaise, weakness, and palpitations. The results of this study indicate that terazosin may be safely administered to patients with renal insufficiency without altering the usual dosing regimen.
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PMID:Influence of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of terazosin. 287 15

A randomized double blind study in long term malaria chemoprophylaxis was performed to compare the tolerability of Fansimef (1 tablet containing 250 mg mefloquine + 500 mg sulfadoxine + 25 mg pyrimethamine per week) with chloroquine (300 mg per week). 211 Austrian industrial workers and their families in Warri, Nigeria, participated in this study; 101 received Fansimef and 110 chloroquine for 3-18 months (mean 41 weeks). Prophylaxis was discontinued because of adverse effects in 7 volunteers in the Fansimef group (mainly insomnia, palpitations, dizziness, nausea and headache) and in 2 volunteers of the chloroquine group (headache and loss of hair in one volunteer, nausea, dizziness and vomiting in the other). Most of the adverse effects could be due to the mefloquine component. A few minor complaints of burning eyes, nausea and gastric pain were reported in both groups. Laboratory checks performed at 3-monthly intervals showed a slight, transient and clinically irrelevant (but statistically significant) increase of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase at month 3 in the Fansimef group. An attack of acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurred in one volunteer 6 weeks after discontinuation of prophylaxis with Fansimef. Antibodies against blood stage parasites could be demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence test at different stages of the study, indicating that these two antimalarials are not causal prophylactic agents.
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PMID:Tolerability of long-term malaria prophylaxis with the combination mefloquine + sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine (Fansimef): results of a double blind field trial versus chloroquine in Nigeria. 290 58

Propafenone, an anti-arrhythmic medication recently introduced in class lc, was tested in a multicentric open study including 3,687 patients (mean age: 60 years), presenting a supra ventricular (n = 2,146, 59 p. cent), nodal (n = 351, 10 p. cent) or ventricular (n = 1,613, 44 p. cent) arrhythmia, in order to study its efficacy and tolerance. After exclusion of the patients on whom there was a contra-indications to the use of anti-arrhythmic drugs, Propafenone was administered orally, on a long-term basis, at the usual dose of 600-900 mg per 24 hours. The efficacy and tolerance were evaluated according to the usual clinical and paraclinical criteria (EKG, Holter) on the 15th day, then every month during the treatment period. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated as very good in 54 p. cent of the cases, good in 25 p. cent of the cases, average in 8 p. cent of the patients and non-existent or non significant for 13 p. cent of the patients. Electrocardiographic alterations under Propafenone are already described: CF, PR, QRS. A cardiac undesirable side effect occurred 102 times, most often a sinus bradycardia type (n = 26), atrio-ventricular conduction disorders (n = 22) or intraventricular conduction disorders (n = 26), disorders of cardiac decompensation (n = 10) or arrhythmogenic effect (n = 18). Other side effects are gastro-intestinal in nature (taste alterations, nausea, vomiting, gastralgia) for 23 p. cent of the patients treated, neuro-sensorial in origin (dizziness, visual disorders, tremors) for 13 p. cent of the patients or of another nature for 5 p. cent of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerance of propafenone in the treatment of cardiac rhythm disorders. Evaluation of a multicenter open trial on 3,687 patients]. 329 28

1046 non-hospitalized children and mothers from various regions of Liberia were studied to determine the relationships between their indigenous perceptions of malaria illness with on-going Plasmodium parasitemia and annual incidence of clinical malaria. Eleven pediatric and 14 maternal signs and symptoms of malaria were described, ranked by cultural severity, and evaluated biomedically. Between cultural perceptions of the severity of illness and biomedical evidence of the severity of disease, significant rank order correlations are observed for children (rho = 0.713, P less than 0.01) and mothers (rho = 0.875, P less than 0.001). Clinical, parasitological and cultural concordance were observed for 'anorexia', 'joint pain', 'abdominal tenderness', 'nausea', 'chills', 'severe headache', 'stomach pain', and 'dizziness'. Five other symptoms however either over or underpredicted observed levels of biomedically confirmed malaria: 'fever', 'convulsions', 'vomiting', 'body weakness' and 'psychological distress'. Biomedical studies revealed a parasite rate among children of 68.6%, a mean annual incidence of pediatric clinical malaria of 3.12; and a mean annual incidence of maternal clinical malaria of 2.42. Clinical malaria demonstrated a very early onset among newborns and a shift in acute parasitemia to a chronic status around 2.3 years of age. A significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01) was observed between parasitological and clinical measures of malaria in children. The indigenous perspectives on malaria and the biomedically predictive powers of various biocultural symptoms are discussed and evaluated as an integrative and valuable means of assessing the impact of malaria in an endemic region.
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PMID:Malaria in Liberian children and mothers: biocultural perceptions of illness vs clinical evidence of disease. 389 49

Results are presented from 186 hospitalized patients treated for acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with orally administered ciprofloxacin (80 patients), enoxacin (26 patients), ofloxacin (30 patients) or pefloxacin (50 patients). In general, good clinical results were observed in 50-70% of the patients treated, most failures being due to relapses or reinfections with Streptococcus pneumoniae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Studies on blood and sputum concentration suggested that gastro-intestinal absorption was not always satisfactory. Unwanted drug effects were noted with all agents studied, generally presenting as stomach pain, nausea, hallucinations, or dizziness. Most adverse drug reactions were seen with enoxacin, often but not always during concomitant treatment with theophylline.
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PMID:The quinolones in chronic bronchitis. 396 Jun 93

Eighty-two patients with pityriasis versicolor were treated orally with ketoconazole in tablet form (200 mg). The tablets were taken at least 90 min before a meal, and patients who received only one tablet daily were told to refrain from bathing except immediately before ingestion of the drug and only once a day. Dosage of ketoconazole varied from a single dose of 400 mg to 200--400 mg per day for four weeks. Seventy-seven patients reported no adverse effects. There were reports from others of headache, gastralgia, nausea, dyspnea, dizziness, or tinnitus. In most affected patients, these symptoms stopped with the first meal eaten after initiation of treatment. Follow-up examinations were performed at different intervals. The maximal therapeutic effect of ketoconazole was seen three to six weeks after initiation of therapy. Seventy-eight patients were considered cured; one had received only one tablet. Only hypopigmented macules remained. Examination of these areas with a Wood lamp revealed no fluorescence, and scrapings examined with the light microscope did not contain Malassezia furfur. These results indicate that ketoconazole is effective in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor, but the problem of protecting susceptible persons from infection and reinfection remains.
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PMID:Treatment of pityriasis versicolor with ketoconazole. 625 36


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