Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the Danish Aneurysm Study 1076 patients (pts.) were admitted with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the 5-year period 1978-83. A warning leak (WL), defined as a sudden episode of headache, vomiting, nuchal pain, dizziness or drowsiness, was identified in 166 pts. (15.4%). In 99 of these the episode was evaluated by a physician but misdiagnosed. A 2-year follow-up examination of the 99 pts. showed that 30 pts. had a normal mental outcome and 43 pts. were dead. If these patients were correctly diagnosed after the WL, when they were in Hunt grade 1-2, the outcome-figures would probably have been significantly better. A theoretical transfer of the outcome-probabilities for pts. in Hunt grade 1-2 to the above mentioned 99 pts. would result in 66 pts. with a normal mental outcome and 25 dead pts. This shows the importance of recognition of a WL episode.
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PMID:Importance of the recognition of a warning leak as a sign of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. 201 46

A phase I clinical study of intravenous Tegafur was conducted in nineteen previously treated patients with primary lung cancer. The dose of Tegafur was elevated from 1.0 to 3.0 g/m2/day for five consecutive days to determine the maximum tolerated dose. The dose-limiting factors were gastrointestinal and neurological toxicity and fatigability observed with the dose level of 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days. Hematologic, hepatic and renal toxicities were not observed. Gastrointestinal toxicity including nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea of over grade 2 were seen to result from the dose of 2.5 g/m2/day. Neurological toxicity consisted of headache, dizziness, anxiety and depression. At the dose level of 2.0 g/m2/day, one patient, who had epileptic seizures in the past, experienced a psychomotor seizure. Depression (Grade 2 CNS toxicity) was observed at the dose level of 3.0 g/m2/day. Dose limiting factors were neurological toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of tegafur and 5-FU (the active form of Tegafur) has been studied in all patients. Serum level of tegafur was measured by HPLC method, and serum level of 5-FU was analyzed by GC-MS method. At the dose level greater than 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days, the mean serum 5-FU values appear over the therapeutic range (0.1 micrograms/ml). In conclusion, 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days was considered to be MTD, and 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days intravenous administration was recommended for the phase II trial of single agent chemotherapy.
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PMID:[High-dose Tegafur (FT) for primary lung cancer: a phase I trial]. 201 1

Acute barium salt poisoning may cause acute hypokalemia and result in respiratory paralysis and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The early nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms of barium poisoning due to food contamination could be confused with other benign food poisonings. Early diagnosis and initiation of intensive supportive care is essential. We report an outbreak of acute barium carbonate poisoning, occurring at a family reunion party, which resulted in 9 hospital admissions. All of the victims initially developed nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic, dizziness and watery diarrhea followed by numbness of the face and distal extremities 1-2 h after ingesting fried flour-coated sweet potatoes. The flour was later confirmed to be contaminated with barium carbonate. One person died in the emergency room with a serum potassium level of 0.8 mEq/L. Two other victims developed ventricular tachycardia and respiratory paralysis but completely recovered with the treatment advice provided by the poison center. The poison center was successful in helping to make the correct diagnosis in a timely manner, immediately distribute the treatment protocol, and coordinate the laboratory confirmation of barium carbonate poisoning.
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PMID:The essential role of a poison center in handling an outbreak of barium carbonate poisoning. 203 49

With respect to its molecular structure, mechanisms of action and the profile of action and side effects, Flupirtine is an innovative drug. It can be clearly distinguished from acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs on the one hand, and opioids on the other. Clinical observations and animal experiments have provided evidence for a muscle-relaxing effect. On the basis of this knowledge, an open prospective trial was conducted in 50 patients suffering from chronic myofascial pain. In 35 of these patients (70%), daily doses within the range 300-400 mg, individually 600 mg, resulted in definitive amelioration of pain. 17 patients developed side effects, namely somnolence, dizziness and rarely vomiting. In 3 patients, the side effects disappeared when the dose was reduced, the analgesic effect being preserved. On the basis of the data obtained to date, Flupirtine would appear to represent a new possibility for treating pain.
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PMID:[Flupirtine in chronic myofacial pain conditions]. 204 42

A double-blind comparative study of Fanismef-mefloquine/sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (MSP) and Lariam-mefloquine (MEF) for the treatment of falciparum malaria, was carried out at malaria clinics in Kanchanaburi, in western Thailand, in the years 1987 and 1988. The cure rates obtained were 96% for the MSP group and 93% for the MEF and there was no significant difference. Vomiting and diarrhea were common side effects in both the MSP and MEF groups. Less common side effects were epigastric pain, minor skin rashes and dizziness. Significant differences in vomiting and epigastric pain only occurred in the patients who did not have these symptoms before treatment: vomiting MSP 23%, MEF 8%, epigastric pain MSP 22% and MEF 11%.
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PMID:Phase III double-blind comparative study of Fansimef and Lariam for the curative treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infections in Thailand. 207 82

A total of 27 patients, 21 of them females, with a median age of 56 were treated with pefloxacin for urinary tract infections. Some 74% of these infections were associated with upper tract symptoms, and Escherichia coli was the most common causative micro-organism (75% of cases). Fifteen patients had co-existent diseases with/without urological abnormalities. All strains of E coli were sensitive to pefloxacin; Actinobacter and one strain of Klebsiella and Streptococcus faecalis were resistant. Two patients who defaulted and one who had an initial negative bacterial culture were excluded from the analysis of the outcome. The overall bacteriological cure rate at four to eight weeks was 87.5% (21/24). The incidence of possible side-effects was high, occurring in 59% of the patients. Nausea, dizziness and vomiting were the most common. These were mild and did not require termination of treatment. Peripheral neuropathy, which disappeared four weeks after stopping pefloxacin, occurred in one patient.
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PMID:Clinical experience with pefloxacin in patients with urinary tract infections. 210 45

For studying the side effects of praziquantel in children with active intestinal bilharziasis 6 groups of children were followed: group P-1 (active intestinal bilharziasis +/- hepatosplenomegaly). They were treated with praziquantel (40 mg/Kg b.w. orally every 6 months). group P-2 (children with active mansoniasis +/- hepatosplenomegaly. They were treated with an initial full dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) to be followed by suppressive dose (20 mg/kg) at 3-months intervals, group P-3 (school children with active mansoniasis +/- hepatosplenomegaly). Initial loading praziquantel dose was followed by suppressive dose at monthly intervals, group N-1 (non-bilharzial children given an oral monthly praziquantel prophylactic dose of 20 mg/kg, group N-2 (non-bilharzial children given an oral 3-monthly praziquantel prophylactic dose of 20 mg/kg), group N-3 (non-bilharzial school children given an oral placebo in the form of vitamin B complex tablets at 3-monthly intervals. Surveillance for praziquantel adverse reactions for all these groups was done. It revealed that the adverse reactions were nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic, diarrhea, dizziness, headache and pyrexia. These were noticed more after full therapeutic praziquantel dose than half doses (subcurative or prophylactic) & among bilharzial children than non-bilharzial cases. As regards school children with active urinary hematobiasis 3 groups were followed: Group 1 (school children with active urinary hematobiasis treated with praziquantel orally 40 mg/kg b.w. every 6 months). Group 2 (non-bilharzial school children given oral monthly prophylactic dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. praziquantel). Group 3 (non-bilharzial school children given oral placebo in the form of two vitamin B-complex tablets monthly).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Side effects of praziquantel in bilharzial children on a field level. 212 46

To determine a dose-response relationship of ondansetron for the prevention of emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin and to study the efficacy of the extended dosing schedule of ondansetron during 20 hours after cisplatin administration, 36 patients with malignant neoplasms who had not previously received chemotherapy but who were currently receiving cisplatin were treated. These patients received a six-dose regimen of 0.01 mg/kg (low dose) or 0.18 mg/kg (high dose) of ondansetron. Seven (41%) patients in the high-dose group had no emesis and four (24%) patients had one or two episodes. One (5%) patient in the low-dose group had no emesis and four (21%) patients had one or two episodes. The difference in the number of emetic episodes was significant (P less than 0.02). Fifty percent of the high-dose patients reported no nausea or mild nausea, compared with 11% of the low-dose patients. Clinical adverse events included mild, transient headache and dizziness in the high-dose group and headache and diarrhea in the low-dose group, with no significant laboratory abnormalities. There is a parallel relationship between the ondansetron doses and the antiemetic efficacy. The response rate for the six-dose regimen of 0.18 mg/kg was not superior to that for the previously reported 0.18 mg/kg regimen given in a three-dose schedule in a similar clinical setting.
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PMID:Ondansetron for the prevention of emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin. A multi-center dose-response study. 214 88

Toremifene is a triphenylethylene derivative structurally and pharmacologically similar to tamoxifen. This Phase I trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, anti-estrogenic, and estrogenic effects of toremifene at six dose levels (10, 20, 40, 60, 200, and 400 mg/day). The most common side-effects associated with therapy included gastrointestinal (nausea/vomiting 43%), anti-estrogenic (hot flashes 29%), and CNS (dizziness/vertigo 12%). Three patients with bone metastases from breast cancer developed hypercalcemia. At doses greater than or equal to 40 mg/day a decline in LH and FSH occurred which was not statistically significant. At all doses tested SHBG rose during therapy. A dose dependent estrogenic blockade was seen on the vaginal epithelium following challenge with transdermal estradiol. Steady-state concentrations of toremifene were reached within 4 weeks, and at doses greater than or equal to 60 mg/day ranged from 879-3445 ng/ml. The half-life was found to be 5 days, and at three weeks following discontinuation of treatment concentrations greater than 24 ng/ml were detected. The N-desmethyl and 4-hydroxy metabolites achieved steady state levels within 4 weeks and had half-lives of 6 and 5 days respectively. Partial responses were seen in 4 patients, 3 with breast cancer treated at 200 mg/day and 1 with endometrial cancer treated at 400 mg/day.
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PMID:Phase I study of the tolerance and pharmacokinetics of toremifene in patients with cancer. 214 80

The present field trial attempts to test the efficacy of niclosamide by a modified chemotherapeutic schedule to collect the purged stool samples consecutively to search expelled worms. Nineteen patients with taeniasis were given 1 gm of niclosmaide with 3 gm sodium bicarbonate twice at 30-minute interval, then purgative was administered. The patients were allowed only fluid meal or fruit juice before treatment. In all, 33 worms (11 with scolex, 22 without), 17 strobilae and 247 segments were collected from consecutive purged stools. The scolex recovery rate was 33%. After taking the purgative, 5 female patients showed side-reactions (nausea, vomiting and dizziness) which were mild and transient. Two months after the treatment, 14 patients were still passing strobilae and/or proglottides in the stools but 5 were not. Four months after the treatment, only 3 cases were still passing strobilae and/or segments in the stools showing a cure rate of 84.2%. The results indicate that niclosamide is a good taenicide but with a slow effect.
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PMID:Efficacy of niclosamide against aboriginal taeniasis in Taiwan. 216 71


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