Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of giant, thrombosed, non haemorrhagic aneurysm of the distal portion of the left vertebral artery is reported. The patient came to medical attention with an acute cervical pain after a minimal cervical traumatism and a diagnosis of torticollis from rheumatologic cause was made. In fact, a few weeks before, he had suffered three episodes of right homonymous hemianopsia. Subsequently, hiccup, vomiting, orthostatic dizziness with postural hypotension appeared, suggesting a medullary lesion. CT scan showed a round, heterogeneous high-density lesion near the fourth ventricle. Angiography was normal. MRI showed an oval mass in the fourth ventricle, between the medulla and the cerebellum. Surgery found an aneurysm of the end of the left vertebral artery.
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PMID:[Giant thrombosed aneurysm of the left vertebral artery developing in the fourth ventricle]. 259 70

For the nystagmic (after-)response in each direction it was evaluated in 618 patients whether the gain (initial velocity) and the time constant were normal, significantly low or high, thus constituting a specific 'response pattern'. In a number of diagnostic categories, 65% of the response patterns were 'typical', i.e., they were found in significantly high frequency. Symmetrical response patterns were predominant. Short time constant(s) and/or low gain values in either or both directions were found in labyrinthine defects. High gain values were found in otosclerosis after footplate surgery, in multiple sclerosis, hyperventilation syndrome, posterior fossa tumour and spasmodic torticollis. In those categories, except otosclerosis and posterior fossa tumour, also significantly high values of the time constant were found, as well as in the category of patients with exposed tympanic cavity and dizziness. A significant directional preponderance indicating the defective side was found for the low-frequency gain (i.e., the product of initial velocity and time constant) in 48% of the patients with unilateral canal paralysis. It is concluded that the velocity-step test is a powerful diagnostic tool in vestibular examination.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of velocity-step responses. 404 26

Klippel-Feil syndrome is a congenital deformity disease caused by disturbances of the growing together of the mesenchymal preliminary vertebrae which are mostly located in the regions of the cervical spine and shoulder. Short neck and wryneck (torticollis), as well as limited motion of the neck and reduced mobility of the cervical spine, are the most striking findings on clinical examination. Vertigo, disturbed sound conduction and perception, as well as combined loss of hearing, tinnitus and paralysis of the facial nerve can occur although otoscopic findings may be normal. Differential diagnosis is effected by means of the typical x-ray film of the cervical spine and the vertebrobasilar transition. Functional anomalies of the vertebral arteries are determined via x-ray angiography. Neuro-otological syndromes can be explained by congenital deformities of the middle ear, cochlea, peripheral vestibular organs and internal auditory canal; mainly, however, by a "vascular" cervical syndrome, which, in this particular case, explains the cochlea symptoms. Vertigo and dizziness can also be caused by a pathological irritation of cervical proprioceptive sensory organs through deformities of the skeleton.
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PMID:[Cervically-induced symptoms of the Klippel-Feil syndrome]. 648 14

The Klippel-Feil syndrome is usually associated with sensorineural hearing impairment, but rarely is it associated with conductive or mixed deafness. A 22-year-old female presented with fusion of the cervical vertebrae, torticollis, scoliosis, pterygium colli, the Sprengel deformity with an omovertebral bone, concavity of the thorax and conductive hearing impairment of the right ear. Tympanotomy disclosed an atrophic long process of incus and a fixation of the stapes footplate, and stapedectomy was performed with immediate postoperative improvement of hearing. However, she developed a sudden hearing loss with dizziness soon after she had physical exercise on the 15th postoperative day, and revision surgery revealed a perilymph fistula of the oval window. Histological investigations of the removed stapes showed no specific osseous changes but hyperostosis of the posterior edge of the footplate. The literature is reviewed and the etiology of the conductive deafness and the perilymph fistula is discussed.
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PMID:Klippel-Feil syndrome with conductive deafness and histological findings of removed stapes. 683 12

We studied the clinical efficacy of mexiletine, a derivative oral form of lidocaine, for treatment of spasmodic torticollis. One of the nine subjects of this study was previously reported. Before starting oral mexiletine, normal saline was first injected intravenously as placebo control; lidocaine infusion then followed and clinical evaluation was provided by dystonia rating scale scores, videotape recordings, and surface electromyographic recording. In all patients, lidocaine injection resulted in a decrease of dystonic muscle contractions within 5 minutes and the effect lasted approximately 1 hour. With gradual increase of mexiletine dose, similar clinical improvement was obtained with oral doses ranging from 450-1200 mg/day for more than 6 months. Side effects in six of nine patients included upper gastrointestinal symptoms, dizziness, ataxia, and dysarthria. These were tolerable or medically manageable; only one patient required a small reduction in mexiletine dose. Strong positive correlation was found between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mexiletine concentrations with a CSF/serum ratio of 0.6 (r = 0.96, p = 0.0005) suggesting its effective penetrance into the central nervous system. We suggest that oral mexiletine therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for spasmodic torticollis.
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PMID:Mexiletine in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis. 982 18

After cervical sprain not only pain and neuropsychological disturbances may occur, but also the following sequelae: cervical dystonia, and torticollis, dizziness, hearing loss for low frequencies, dysphonia and globus. Except for dystonia the symptoms often respond to manipulation of a blocked articulation between occiput and atlas or axis and the third cervical vertebra.
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PMID:[Little known sequelae of sprains of the cervical spine]. 1061 1

The migraine--a benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood complex is the most frequent etiology of pediatric dizziness, with an incidence of 34.7%. We present a series of 34 children in whom this entity was diagnosed. We describe the most important characteristics and discuss the possible etiological factors. We review the theories about a common pathophysiological origin for migraine, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood, and paroxysmal torticollis. Evolution of these entities confirms the idea of a common origin and a different vestibular symptomatology, depending on the age of the child experiencing dizziness.
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PMID:The migraine: benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood complex. 1075 20

Mexiletine is an antiarrhythmic drug that has been reported to exert antidystonic properties. We performed an open-label study to collect further evidence of the antidystonic effect of mexiletine in spasmodic torticollis (ST) and to evaluate its possible use in generalized dystonia. We administered mexiletine to six patients with dystonia (three with generalized dystonia and three with ST) who had failed to respond to previous pharmacotherapy. The drug was started at a dose of 200 mg/d by mouth and increased up to a maximum dose of 800 mg/d. Patients were evaluated at regular intervals over a 6-week period with use of the Fahn & Marsden Dystonia Scale and the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and videotaped. At the end of the trial, the videotapes were reviewed and scored by a blind observer. Patients were then followed for at least 1 year and evaluated every 3 months at the dose reached during the study period. No adverse effects were reported in five patients; in one patient, dizziness developed at the dosage of 800 mg/d, requiring a reduction of the dose. At the end of a 6-week period, a significant improvement in the rating scale for dystonia and in videotape ratings was observed after mexiletine treatment (p < 0.01). Our data indicate that mexiletine is a useful drug in dystonia treatment.
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PMID:Mexiletine in the treatment of torticollis and generalized dystonia. 1102 Jan 21

This case report describes a patient who presented to the trauma service on 3 occasions over the course of 2 years, each time with symptoms typical of concussion (e.g., crying, change in mentation, and vomiting). On more in-depth evaluation, it was discovered that the child had torticollis, pallor, and brief dizziness or vertigo with each episode. Benign paroxysmal torticollis is a periodic, paroxysmal syndrome that may be mistaken for the more common concussion. In addition to illustrating a uniquely pediatric neurological syndrome, this case demonstrates the importance of taking a careful history and considering a full range of differential diagnoses when evaluating every patient, even those with seemingly routine injuries.
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PMID:Concussion or benign paroxysmal torticollis? 2311 7