Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise training protocol on 32 symptomatic women with mitral valve prolapse were studied. Subjects were randomly assigned to control or exercise groups. Exercise subjects completed a 12-week (3 times per week) exercise training program based on guidelines established by the American Heart Association for phase II cardiac rehabilitation programs; control group subjects maintained normal activities. Before and after training, subjects underwent maximal multistage treadmill testing, and measurements were obtained for plasma catecholamine levels at rest and during peak exercise; they completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and General Well-Being Schedule. Weekly symptom frequency of chest pain, arm pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, mood swings, dizziness and syncope were monitored for the 12-week period. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance, and analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Compared with control subjects, the exercise group showed a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores, an increase in General Well-Being scores, an increase in functional capacity and a decline in the frequency of chest pain, fatigue, dizziness and mood swings. No statistically significant differences were noted in catecholamine levels at rest or during peak exercise. These findings support the use of aerobic exercise in the management of symptomatic women with mitral valve prolapse.
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PMID:Effects of aerobic exercise training on symptomatic women with mitral valve prolapse. 201 86

Forty-four cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (23 men, 21 women; 55 +/- 15 years) referred for evaluation of chest pain (28 cases), dyspnoea (26 cases), palpitations (25 cases), dizziness (11 cases) and syncope (4 cases), were investigated prospectively between February 1983 and February 1989. The cardiomyopathy was concentric (N = 16), obstructive (N = 24) or apical (N = 4) and the diagnosis confirmed by angiography. Twenty-four hour Holter monitoring showed no ventricular extrasystoles in 43% of patients: the others had Grade I (25%), Grade III (2%), Grade 4A (14%) or 4B (16%) ventricular arrhythmias with diurnal predominance in half the cases. Patients with greater than or equal to Grade III ventricular extrasystoles had greater left axis deviation but did not differ from the others from the hemodynamic point of view. Exercise stress testing induced an isolated ventricular arrhythmia in 23% of patients and repetitive extrasystoles in 23%. The prevalence of surface late ventricular potentials was no greater in these patients than in normal subjects (4% vs 1%; NS). Programmed ventricular stimulation (N = 37) induced a repetitive response in only 25% of patients, with only two cases of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. There were no correlations between the results of programmed ventricular stimulation and those of Holter monitoring, exercise stress testing or late ventricular potential recording, but patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation had proportionally more syncopal episodes and greater than or equal to Grade III ventricular extrasystoles on Holter monitoring, but the difference was not statistically significant in this series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study of the arrhythmogenicity of cardiomyopathies. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies]. 204 23

We present our experience on the efficacy of propafenone in ten symptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The symptoms were dizziness in seven patients and syncope in three patients. While experiencing the symptoms, three of them presented an episode of atrial fibrillation, the shortest preexcited RR intervals being 140, 190, and 200 ms. In the other seven patients, the ECG was not recorded during the symptoms, but an episode of atrial fibrillation was subsequently induced by transesophageal pacing. The shortest preexcited RR intervals during induced atrial fibrillation were 180, 200, 270, 240, 230, 250, and 200 ms. Seven patients had both atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia. Propafenone (1-2 mg/kg) administered IV in only the patients with sustained atrial fibrillation (spontaneous in two and induced in one patient) prolonged the shortest preexcited RR intervals from 190, 200, and 180 ms to 340, 335, and 340 ms. In the other seven patients, propafenone was not given IV because atrial fibrillation rapidly deteriorated into ventricular fibrillation (one patient) or spontaneously reverted within 1-2 minutes to sinus rhythm (six patients). After oral propafenone, serial trans-esophageal pacing studies reinduced atrial fibrillation in 4 of 6 patients (the shortest preexcited RR intervals increased from 190, 180, 200, and 270 ms to 420, 320, 340, and 380 ms); only in one patient was it possible after propafenone to induce an atrial flutter without preexcitation. After propafenone therapy in 4 of 7 patients, supraventricular tachycardia was not inducible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Propafenone in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome at risk. 207 78

Ketanserin is a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist without partial agonist properties which also possesses weak alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonistic activity, which may explain its antihypertensive mechanism of action in patients with essential hypertension. It also inhibits the effects of serotonin on platelets in cardiovascular disease, inhibits vasoconstriction caused by the amine, and when administered intravenously improves some haemorheological indices in patients with ischaemic diseases. The antihypertensive effect of oral ketanserin 40 mg twice daily is comparable with that of total daily doses of metoprolol 200 mg, propranolol 160 mg, captopril 100 mg, enalapril 20 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg, or alpha-methyldopa 1000 mg and is achieved without adverse effect on plasma lipoproteins or carbohydrate metabolism in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. Evidence from prospective studies suggests a greater antihypertensive efficacy in the elderly than in younger patients. In patients with intermittent claudication, results have been inconsistent in small studies, while a large study showed no improvement in pain-free walking distance but fewer amputations compared to placebo. In Raynaud's phenomenon symptomatic improvement relative to placebo was achieved in larger trials. Its role in preventing atherosclerotic complications requires further investigation. Ketanserin is reasonably well tolerated, the frequency of adverse effects being comparable with that of other antihypertensive drugs in controlled trials. Dizziness, tiredness, oedema, dry mouth and weight gain are the most commonly reported effects. Ketanserin prolongs QT interval in a dose-related manner, and when given in certain predisposing circumstances ventricular arrhythmias and syncope may occur. Administered intravenously, ketanserin 10mg followed by an infusion of 2 to 4 mg/h controls moderate to severe pre- and postoperative hypertension in most patients, acting as a balanced vasodilator, lowering cardiac pre- and afterload. Although the arrhythmogenic potential of ketanserin in patients receiving potassium-depleting diuretics requires suitable precautions, it appears that its antihypertensive activity is suited to the elderly provided plasma potassium concentrations are normal at the start of treatment and are maintained within the normal range.
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PMID:Ketanserin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in hypertension and peripheral vascular disease. 207 1

The efficacy and safety of oral prazosin was assessed in 108 ambulatory mild (91-104 mmHg diastolic pressure) to moderate (104-114 mmHg) essential hypertensive patients. After a 2 week no-drug control period, prazosin, 2, 4, 8 or 10 mg per day was given in 2 weeks periods as needed to obtain control of blood pressure. A seating diastolic pressure of < or = 90 mmHg was defined as adequate response. Satisfactory blood pressure response was obtained in 86% of patients, with doses of 4 mg or less in 70%. Treatment results were not related to initial blood pressure level, but obese patients were more resistant to drug effect (p < 0.05). Heart rate and laboratory parameters did not change. Adverse effects, mainly headache, dizziness and palpitations, were noticed in 46 patients (43%) and occurred with the lower dose in 78% of them. Adverse effects were slight or moderated and lasted from 1 day to 2 weeks in most patients. Treatment was discontinued in 2 patients, one because of persistent dizziness which was promptly relieved after stopping the drug and another due to syncope occurring immediately after a dose increase. We conclude that oral prazosin at low doses is an effective and well-tolerated drug which should be considered in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.
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PMID:[The antihypertensive response to prazosin, a selective vascular alpha blocker. A multicenter study]. 215 16

Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include previous ectopic pregnancy, current intrauterine device use, prior fallopian tube surgery, previous pelvic inflammatory disease and a prior history of infertility. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom, followed by amenorrhea or vaginal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, syncope and dizziness. Referred shoulder pain following the onset of abdominal pain is characteristic of intraperitoneal bleeding and, in the appropriate clinical setting, strongly suggests a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A coordinated evaluation includes measurement of serum human chorionic gonadotropin concentration and transabdominal or, preferably, transvaginal ultrasonography. Treatment is primarily by one of a variety of surgical techniques. Medical therapy with methotrexate or other drugs is currently under investigation.
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PMID:Management of ectopic pregnancy. 218 38

Syncope, vertigo, and related conditions are common in the elderly and must be evaluated carefully. There is major potential for treatable life-threatening conditions, falls with injury, and simply a fearful, confining, and unpleasant existence. The ability to evaluate and manage comfortably and confidently the elderly patient with dizziness and fainting is a major measure of the skill and maturity of an emergency physician.
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PMID:Dizziness and fainting in the elderly. 218 84

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute febrile, exanthematous illness associated with multisystem failure including shock, renal failure, myocardial failure and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It usually presents with fever, pharyngitis, diarrhoea, vomiting, myalgia, and a scarlet fever-like rash, and may progress rapidly (within hours) to signs of hypovolaemic hypotension such as orthostatic dizziness or fainting. The signs and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome should be recognised early to permit successful therapy. Patients are usually suffering from hypovolaemia due to leaky capillaries and fluid loss into the interstitial space, and consequently large volumes of fluid, both crystalloid (e.g. saline, electrolyte-solutions) and colloid (e.g. albumin, intravenous gamma-globulin), may be necessary to maintain adequate venous return and cardiac output. Patients with toxic shock syndrome usually have a focus of staphylococcal infection such as a surgical wound infection or soft tissue abscess, or they may have TSS associated with menstruation and use of a vaginal device such as tampons. The site of infection should be adequately drained and treated with antimicrobial therapy. Subacute complications including ARDS and myocardial failure require a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology to ensure appropriate treatment. Recurrences of TSS can be avoided by appropriate antimicrobial treatment and avoidance of recurrent conditions which might favour staphylococcal toxin production (e.g. use of tampons during menstruation). More than 95% of patients survive toxic shock syndrome if appropriate therapy is instituted early.
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PMID:Therapy of toxic shock syndrome. 219 66

Various antihypertensive drugs reduce blood pressure by different mechanisms. In some instances, adverse reactions occur because of specific hemodynamic effects. Examples include syncope with alpha-blockade or vasodilator therapy; fatigue or exercise intolerance with the reduction in cardiac output following the use of beta-adrenergic inhibitors; edema, headaches, or dizziness with the use of vasodilators such as calcium entry blockers; renal failure in patients with renal artery stenosis or renal insufficiency following the use of ACE inhibitors; and marked hyponatremia with volume depletion following the use of diuretics, especially in elderly patients. In the majority of patients, however, blood pressure lowering can be achieved without significant adverse effects. Combining small doses of different agents with different hemodynamic actions often results in good blood pressure control and minimal reactions. Examples of these include diuretics and beta-adrenergic inhibitors, diuretics and ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers and vasodilators.
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PMID:Do different hemodynamic effects of antihypertensive drugs translate into different safety profiles? 220 Jun 92

The purpose of this study was to clarify the difference of clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics between sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT) and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). 40 patients consisting of 24 males and 16 females with an average age of 50.0 years (range from 19 to 83), who had shown ventricular tachycardia (VT) on electrocardiogram, were studied consecutively. The patients were divided into SVT group (19 cases) and NSVT group (21 cases). Ventricular stimulation was performed up to triple extrastimuli, and ventricular burst pacing was used when required. After VT was induced, R-R interval during VT was measured and an antiarrhythmic agent was given by bolus injection. Echocardiography was used for measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and for evaluation of mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Palpitation and oppressive sensation were dominant in SVT (84.2%), while dizziness and syncope were prominent in NSVT (57.1%). Organic heart disease (OHD) was observed in only 42.1% of SVT, and in none of NSVT. MVP was observed in 6 patients of SVT and in 5 patients of NSVT. EF was significantly higher in NSVT (67.1%) than in SVT (56.9%) (p less than 0.02), while it was not significantly different in cases of NSVT and SVT where OHD was not present (64.4%). VT was induced and sustained in 17 out of 19 patients (89.5%) in SVT by ventricular stimulation. In NSVT, VT was induced in 6 of 21 patients (38.6%), but it was not sustained in any of them. The induction of VT in NSVT appeared to require more extrastimuli than in SVT. The R-R interval in SVT was longer than in NSVT (345.9 +/- 84.6 msec and 245.0 +/- 40.7 msec, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A study on clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular tachycardia: comparison of differences on its sustenance]. 221 86


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