Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gabapentin, which has been approved for add-on therapy of focal seizures, is increasingly used for treatment of neuropathic pain. Its analgesic effect is supposed to be due to reduction of glutamatergic transmission, improvement of GABAergic transmission and to binding to voltage-dependent calcium channels. Experimental studies demonstrated an ameliorating effect of gabapentin on neuropathic pain. Placebo-controlled studies revealed an efficacy of gabapentin against pain in diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia and in prophylaxis of migraine. Case reports show an analgesic effect of gabapentin in trigeminus neuralgia and in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The main adverse events are dizziness, ataxia and somnolence. Controlled studies, which compare the efficacy of gabapentin with that of the respective reference drug, are needed to evaluate its importance in treatment of pain.
 ...
PMID:[Gabapentin for therapy of neuropathic pain]. 1181 Mar 68

Syncope is defined as a temporary interruption of cerebral perfusion with a sudden and transient loss of consciousness and spontaneous recovery. Approximately one third of the population experiences syncope at least once during a lifetime. Presyncopal signs and symptoms, including weakness, headache, blurred vision, diaphoresis, nausea, and vomiting are sometimes present for seconds or minutes prior to loss of consciousness. After syncope, the patients may present with persisting drowsiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, but not usually confusion. Causes of syncope have been categorized as cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular, and unexplained. Cardiovascular causes can be subdivided into structural heart disease, coronary heart disease, and arrhythmia. Non-cardiovascular causes include neurological, metabolic, psychiatric and other disorders.Orthostatic hypotension - one of the most frequent causes of syncope - has manifold etiologies comprising various neurological and internal diseases. Orthostatic hypotension usually can be attributed to an impairment of peripheral vasoconstriction or to a reduction of the intravascular volume. Signs and symptoms, including the above prodromi are often present just after rising from a supine or sitting position. Frequently, blood pressure decreases significantly without an increase in heart rate. Autonomic cardiovascular modulation is often reduced. Many of the patients with "unexplained" syncope experience neurally mediated (i. e. neurocardiogenic or vasovagal) syncope. In these patients, cardiovascular control may be stable for an extended period of time during orthostatic stress, then there is a sudden decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. Neurocardiogenic or neurally mediated syncope can be associated with painful or emotionally stressful situations such as anxiety or fear, with prolonged standing or specific trigger situations such as micturition, defecation, coughing or sneezing, visceral or carotid sinus stimulation, or with trigeminal or glossopharyngeal neuralgia. So far, the mechanisms of neurocardiogenic syncope are not completely understood. The passive 60 degrees to 70 degrees head-up tilt test is useful for the diagnosis of orthostatic and neurally mediated syncope. The sensitivity of the test can be improved by additional pharmacological provocation, e. g. by isoproterenol, or by increased orthostatic stress using lower body negative pressure stimulation. For the treatment of syncope one should first consider non-pharmacological options. Patients with orthostatic hypotension should avoid rapid changes of the body position from supine to standing, as well as high room temperature or other situations inducing peripheral vasodilatation. An increased intake of sodium and fluids, mild physical exercise or so-called postural counter-maneuvers can improve orthostatic tolerance. Among the drugs recommended for pharmacologic treatment are mineralocorticoids (e. g. fludrocortisone), vasoconstrictor agents (e. g. ephedrine, midodrine), adenosine receptor blockers (theophylline) and beta2-blockers (propanolol), anticholinergic agents, e. g. scopolamine or disopyramide, and negative cardiac inotropes, e. g. beta1-adrenergic blockers or disopyramide. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e. g. fluoxetine, sertraline), alpha2-adrenergic agonists (clonidine), central nervous system stimulants such as methylphenidate or phentermine are thought to be beneficial in specific cases. Cardiac pacemakers often seem to be recommended without adequate indication. The antidiuretic, V2-receptor specific, vasopressin analogue desmopressin increases the intravascular volume. Erythropoietin improves anemia and red blood cell decrease and augments blood pressure and cerebral oxygenation. In postprandial hypotension, octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, prostaglandin inhibitors such as indomethacin or ibuprofen, as well as metoclopramide or two cups of coffee per day might be beneficial.
 ...
PMID:[Syncope - a systematic overview of classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management]. 1182 26

The aim of the study was to consider Kimmerle anomaly (ponticulus posterior of the atlas) as an anatomic variant, which can cause a set of clinical symptoms and signs. A hundred and eight patients, 58 females and 50 males at the age of 18-59 years (M. 36.9 years, SD = 9.6) with radiologically verified Kimmerle anomaly were examined. A control group comprised 40 healthy subjects at the similar age range. The diagnosis of headaches was based on the criteria proposed by the IHS. A character of headaches, their localization, frequency, duration, number of days with headaches per year, circumstances associated with their onset and concomitant symptoms were evaluated. All the patients were subjected to electrophysiological studies (ENG, EEG and VEP). The results were statistically analyzed using a SPSS/PC+ computer system. It was revealed that clinical symptoms and signs in Kimmerle anomaly occurred most frequently in the third and fourth decade of life (65% of cases). These were most often tension-type headaches (50% of cases with headaches), vascular headaches (26% of cases) and neuralgia (24% of cases). Intensity of headaches was high. Headaches were accompanied by other complaints like vertigo (59% of cases) and in one third of cases--nausea. About 10% of patients also suffered from vomiting, paresthesia, dizziness, short periods of loss of consciousness. Sporadically--tinitus, drop attack, and vegetative symptoms. In cases without pain the most frequent signs were short periods of loss of consciousness, dizziness, and also nausea and dizziness. The EEG examination revealed pathology in 40% of patients with Kimmerle anomaly. The ENG examination in more than 33% of anomaly cases showed injury in the central part of vestibular system. Improper answers were reported in about 75% of the patients during the VEP examination.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical symptoms and signs in Kimmerle anomaly]. 1242 70

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is frequently used to treat patients with epilepsy, neuralgia, psychiatric diseases, etc. We prescribe it with care due to its side effects, mainly such as dizziness, sleepiness and cerebellar symptoms. But pitch perception abnormality is an uncommon side effect. We describe the case of a 12-year-old girl who exhibited half tone lowered pitch perception abnormality caused by CBZ. As CBZ acts as a central nervous system (CNS) inhibitor, we speculate that CBZ inhibits CNS and patients misperceive notes. We must prescribe CBZ with care to prevent pitch perception abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Pitch perception abnormality as a side effect of carbamazepine. 1464 72

A 78-year-old man with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented to our pain medicine clinic for treatment of post herpetic neuralgia. Pharmacotherapy with tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, tramadol and traditional analgesics had failed, primarily due to adverse drug effects, particularly sedation, dizziness and nausea. Consequently, intravenous salmon calcitonin was administered, based on evidence of efficacy in the treatment of other neuropathic pain syndromes and its relatively benign side-effects profile. The patient reported immediate and sustained improvement in his post herpetic neuralgia for over two months, without adverse effects from the calcitonin therapy.
 ...
PMID:Salmon calcitonin in the treatment of post herpetic neuralgia. 1706 47

Carisbamate is a novel drug with neuromodulator activity that is currently under development for the treatment of epilepsy, diabetic neuropathy and neuralgia. The compound possessed a promising pharmacological profile in tests in vivo, and demonstrated broad anticonvulsant activity in preclinical studies, both elevating seizure threshold and preventing seizure spread. Carisbamate was also effective in protecting against spontaneous recurrent seizures in kainate-treated animals and in genetic models of epilepsy, and displayed antiepileptic and neuroprotective activity in the lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus. In a phase I clinical trial, orally administered carisbamate demonstrated efficacy at high doses of 500 to 1000 mg. A phase II clinical trial confirmed that oral carisbamate was efficacious at a 300- to 1600-mg dose range. The preliminary evaluations of carisbamate in humans indicated complete absorption, extensive metabolism, and carbamate ester hydrolysis. The most frequently reported side effects associated with carisbamate are dizziness, headache, somnolence and nausea. In clinical trials, carisbamate did not display any significant interactions with commonly used antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine, valproate and lamotrigine. At the time of publication, a phase III clinical trial for carisbamate in the treatment of epilepsy was ongoing, as well as phase II trials in neuropathy and neuralgia. Data from preclinical brain injury studies with carisbamate and the analog RWJ-333369-A have also been reported. This drug profile will focus on the development of carisbamate in epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Carisbamate, a new carbamate for the treatment of epilepsy. 1789 91

Vertigo, dizziness and visual blurring have been reported in painful conditions in trigeminal innervation zones such as in idiopathic stabbing headache, supraorbital neuralgia or trigeminal nerve ophthalmic branch neuralgia. Although not common, pain in occipital neuralgia can spread through the anterior parts of the head. In this article, we present a case whose occipital neuralgiform paroxysms spread to the ipsilateral eye with simultaneous visual obscuration; the mechanisms of propagation and visual obscuration are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Occipital neuralgia with visual obscurations: a case report]. 2086 85

The purpose of this study was to present the management of a series of patients referred with infraorbital nerve paraesthesia that developed after insignificant orbital floor fracture without diplopia or exophthalmos, and that did not require initial surgical repair. This is a retrospective interventional case series. The main outcome and measures were assessment of preoperative symptoms including neuralgia and sensory symptoms; review of periorbital computed tomography (CT) scans; and assessment of postoperative effects of surgery for infraorbital nerve decompression. Nine patients were identified who developed neuralgia affecting the infraorbital nerve distribution from a cohort of 79 patients who presented with orbital floor fracture. Six were female and three were male. Age range was 22 to 73 years with a mean of 48 years. Six patients were clinically depressed due to the chronic pain. In addition, two patients had dizziness on upgaze; one patient had blurring of central vision on eye movements; and one patient had mood swings. Reviews of CT scans revealed subtle disruption of the infraorbital canal in all cases. All nine patients underwent infraorbital nerve decompression. Abnormal adhesions between the nerve and its bony canal were found in five of nine cases. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 37 months (mean: 18 months). Following surgery, after a variable period of time ranging from 1 day to 3 months, all patients had resolution of their symptoms. Mean follow-up was 18 months. Reconstructive surgeons should be aware that infraorbital nerve neuralgia, secondary to disruption of the nerve in the distorted bony canal, may be another indication for surgical intervention following orbital floor trauma in selected cases, in addition to more traditionally accepted indications. Neuralgia and causalgia are probably more common than previously thought and symptoms should be actively sought in the patient's history or else risk being overlooked and inappropriately managed. Long-term follow-up of such patients is unlikely to be practical. Patient and/or family practitioner education of possible sequelae may be one possible solution to detect this type of problem early. Nerve decompression, where indicated, may improve the patient's neuralgia and associated behavioral changes and quality of life. An optimal diagnostic and management algorithm is yet to be established.
 ...
PMID:Infraorbital Nerve Decompression for Infraorbital Neuralgia/Causalgia following Blowout Orbital Fractures: A Case Series. 2821 Apr 4

Ganglion cysts within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), although uncommon, typically present with swelling, pain, trismus, and difficulty with mastication. The authors report an unusual case of a ganglion cyst in the TMJ of a 52-year-old man who presented with chief complaints of severe headaches and dizziness that had not subsided following treatment with medication, trigger point injections, or sphenopalatine ganglion blocks. The cyst appeared as a nonenhancing, T2 hyperdensity adjacent to the left TMJ condyle on magnetic resonance imaging, supported by the presence of chronic erosion and remodeling of the anterior aspect of the left condylar head on computed tomography. The cyst was surgically removed, and the patient reported that the migraines and accompanying dizziness had ceased 6 months postoperatively. The patient's presentation and improvement following surgery suggest that the location of the cyst in the TMJ and its proximity to the course of the auriculotemporal nerve may have caused auriculotemporal neuralgia, mimicking the symptoms of migraine.
 ...
PMID:Ganglion Cyst of the Temporomandibular Joint Mimicking Auriculotemporal Neuralgia. 3016 51

Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, has caused pandemic of highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with epicenters in China, Italy, Spain, and the USA. Primarily affecting the human respiratory system, SARS-CoV2 has some impact on the human brain, but apparently minimal on the cerebellum, at least so far. Neurological involvement in the acute phase appears to manifest with confusion, dizziness, impaired consciousness, propensity to develop acute strokes, anosmia, hypogeusia, ataxia, epilepsy, and neuralgia. Cerebellar scholars are facing a time of uncertainty. Telemedicine has suddenly emerged as an alternative to follow patients. There is an urgent need to develop novel platforms to assess and follow ataxic patients remotely, especially because cerebellar patients often require ambulatory care to maintain their autonomy.
 ...
PMID:Cerebellar Scholars' Challenging Time in COVID-19 Pandemia. 3230 Oct 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>