Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

20 patients with malignant tumours with severe gastrointestinal side effects during cancer chemotherapy refractory to standard antiemetic drugs were treated with the cannabinoid levonantradol in a second identical chemotherapy course. 17 patients (85%) has less nausea and vomiting, 5 had a total relief of symptoms, and 8 had a reduction of frequency of vomiting of 50% or more. Side effects were frequent, whereby fatigue, dizziness (12/20) and psychical side effects (8/20) were found to be the most uncomfortable.
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PMID:[Treatment of refractory cytostatic agent-induced vomiting with the synthetic cannabinoid levonantradol]. 704 69

1 Twenty-seven patients with moderate to severe chronic pain of malignant origin received buprenorphine (0.3 mg) and morphine (10 mg) intramuscularly in a double-blind, single dose within patient study. 2 Efficacy analysis demonstrated no significant differences in the peak analgesic effects or in the time to reach these effects. However, buprenorphine had a significantly longer duration of action than morphine. 3 Sedation was the most frequent unwanted effect with a similar incidence following each treatment. Buprenorphine was associated with a significantly higher incidence, greater severity, earlier onset, and longer duration of dizziness, nausea and vomiting than morphine. 4 Following both treatments there were small but significant decreases in pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
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PMID:A comparative study of intramuscular buprenorphine and morphine in the treatment of chronic pain of malignant origin. 706 63

A phase II study of 3-deazauridine (DAUR) showed poor activity in previously treated patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma. There were no responses among 15 patients treated on a dose schedule of 1200 mg/m2/day for 5 days repeated at 3-week intervals. Toxicity included mild nausea and vomiting, occasional mucositis, diarrhea, and dizziness. A minimal degree of myelosuppression was observed.
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PMID:Phase II study of 3-deazauridine in advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma. 708 Nov 40

A Phase II study of a new fluorinated pyrimidine (TAC-278) was performed in 14 institutions from May 1980 to April 1981. 400-1200 mg of TAC-278 was orally administered in 2 to 4 divided doses every day for more than 4 weeks. Selection of patients and evaluation of clinical response were done according to the criteria for "Evaluation of Clinical Effects of Chemotherapy on Solid Tumors" by Koyama and Saito. A total of 188 patients were entered in the study and 96 of them were evaluable. Partial responses were observed in 9.4% (9/96) of the evaluated cases. Stomach cancer and colorectal cancer showed partial responses in 10.8% (4/37) and 20% (5/25), respectively. As for side effects, slight gastrointestinal symptoms (loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting etc.) were found in 24% and CNS-symptoms such as dizziness and disorientation were observed in approximately 8% of the patients.
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PMID:[Phase II study of a new fluorinated pyrimidine, ethyl (+/-)-t-6-butoxy-5-fluoro-2, 4-dioxohexahydropyrimidine-r-5-carboxylate (TAC-278)]. 718 76

Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic with a pharmacological and therapeutic profile that has been well established since its launch as a parenteral formulation in 1978. The introduction of a transnasal formulation of butorphanol represents a new and noninvasive presentation of an analgesic for moderate to severe pain. This route of administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, and this is an advantage for a drug such as butorphanol that undergoes significant first-pass metabolism after oral administration. The onset of action and systemic bioavailability of butorphanol following transnasal delivery are similar to those after parenteral administration. The analgesic efficacy of transnasal butorphanol was generally superior to that of placebo in clinical trials in patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain or migraine headache. Results from single trials indicate that transnasal butorphanol provides pain relief comparable to that of intramuscular pethidine (meperidine) in postsurgical pain and comparable to or greater than intramuscular methadone in migraine headache. Moderate to severe musculoskeletal pain also appears to be responsive to transnasal butorphanol on the basis of results from 1 small noncomparative study. Tolerability of transnasal butorphanol parallels that of the injectable form, with somnolence, dizziness, nausea and/or vomiting reported most frequently. Thus, transnasal butorphanol is a novel formulation of an established analgesic which appears suitable for the short term treatment of moderate to severe pain, especially in an ambulatory setting. Transnasal butorphanol is likely to provide an alternative to oral opioid analgesics, particularly in the presence of nausea or vomiting, or to parenteral opioids when the oral route of administration is not appropriate.
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PMID:Transnasal butorphanol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute pain management. 758 85

Ondansetron and droperidol are both effective in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). In this randomized, double-blind study, 80 inpatients scheduled for minor gynecologic surgery received either ondansetron 8 mg intravenously (i.v.) or droperidol 2.5 mg i.v. 5 min prior to induction of isoflurane-narcotic anesthesia. PONV was absent in 68% of the patients after ondansetron and in 88% after droperidol (P < 0.05). The respective times of complete arousal from anesthesia were 171 min and 229 min (P < 0.001). After ondansetron and droperidol, the incidence of severe drowsiness, restlessness, anxiety, or dizziness was 5% and 28%, respectively (P < 0.01). Thus after minor gynecologic surgery, droperidol 2.5 mg i.v. was superior to ondansetron 8 mg i.v. in the prevention of PONV. However, relative to ondansetron, droperidol entailed an average 1-h delay in recovery from anesthesia.
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PMID:Comparison of ondansetron and droperidol in the prevention of nausea and vomiting after inpatient minor gynecologic surgery. 765 30

Propiram is an orally administered opioid analgesic with partial morphine-like agonist and weak antagonist properties. Analgesic efficacy of propiram, usually 50 or 100mg, appears comparable to that of standard dosages of other oral opioid drugs [i.e. pentazocine, pethidine (meperidine)] in patients with acute pain of moderate to severe intensity arising from various gynaecological and surgical procedures, and may be superior to codeine in gynaecological and postoperative dental pain. Some evidence of a more rapid onset of action for propiram than for these opioid agents, and a longer duration of action for propiram than for codeine, is encouraging but remains to be substantiated in more extensive clinical use. The tolerability profile of propiram resembles those of others in its class, with drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, and dizziness experienced most frequently in controlled trials. The apparently low propensity of propiram for development of physical dependence and psychotomimetic effects requires confirmation with wider clinical experience. Available data thus indicate that propiram is an effective, orally administered opioid analgesic suitable for providing relief of acute moderate to severe pain arising from various surgical or gynaecological procedures, and that the drug is likely to become a useful alternative in such conditions where opioid analgesia is appropriate.
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PMID:Propiram. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical use as an analgesic. 769 33

We studied transnasal butorphanol (Stadol NS) for pain relief during acute migraine in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial using ambulatory patients at 10 geographically diverse headache centers. Patients were volunteer adults diagnosed with migraine with or without aura by International Headache Society criteria. One hundred fifty-seven patients completed the study. We treated the pain of one headache in each patient with either transnasal butorphanol (n = 107) or transnasal placebo (n = 50). Pain relief, pain intensity, nausea, vomiting, and effect on function were measured periodically. Adverse experiences were documented. Global assessments were made at follow-up. With butorphanol, migraine pain was reduced from moderate, severe, or incapacitating to slight or absent for 35 patients (33%) within 30 minutes, for 50 patients (47%) within 1 hour, and for 76 (71%) within 6 hours, compared to 2 (4%), 8 (16%) and 15 (30%) respectively for placebo. Side effects were prominent, though confounded by the migraine. The most common side effects, compared to placebo, were dizziness (58% vs 4%), nausea and/or vomiting (38% vs 18%), and drowsiness (29% vs 0%). We conclude that transnasal butorphanol is a useful analgesic for the pain of acute migraine. Its prominent side effects and low self reinforcement rate may limit its usefulness in some patients, while increasing its appropriateness for others.
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PMID:Transnasal butorphanol in the treatment of acute migraine. 773 63

Two female patients with an adenocarcinoma of the colon (Duke stages B and C) underwent colectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy combining 5 fluorouracil (5 FU) and levamisole. Secondary neurological manifestations occurred in both patients including vertigo, nausea and vomiting, dizziness with loss of balance, slow ideation, impaired memory, headache and, on one case, central origin facial paralysis. Symptoms appeared between the 11th and 34th week of treatment. The patients had received 9 to 30 g 5 FU and 2.7 to 7.6 g levamisole. CT scan and/or MRI first suggested cerebral metastases then demyelinisation. The clinical signs disappeared spontaneously in less than one month. The brain images were unchanged. The 5 FU/levamisole combination was undoubtedly responsible for the neurological manifestations. Levamisole may have potentialized the effect of 5 FU leading to demyelinisation. Whether chemotherapy should be stopped or not is debated.
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PMID:[Multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy: a complication of chemotherapy by fluorouracil and levamisole]. 774 17

Twenty-two cases of cerebellar infarction were diagnosed by clinical findings, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance image (MRI) and autopsy. Most of the infarctions occurred in the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (18/22). The most common and earliest symptoms were dizziness or vertigo (19/22), which occurred repeatedly and were accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The symptoms and signs of cerebellar lesion such as unsteady gait, limb and/or trunk ataxia, dysarthria were also the main clinical manifestations. However, in a number of patients there were no cerebellar symptoms or signs (9/22). Rapid deterioration of consciousness suggested acute compression of the brainstem, where the prognosis would be poor. CT scan made it possible to diagnose cerebellar infarction in the patients. But CT is not a satisfactory instrument in identifying this disease. MRI without bony artifacts from the posterior fossa has much higher resolution and renders the infarction to be visualized earlier. It may be regarded as the most ideal instrument in diagnosing this disease.
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PMID:Cerebellar infarction. Analysis of 22 cases. 808 78


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