Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two female patients are described with an unusual clinical presentation of a small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Patient A, 61 years old, had a one week history of epigastric pain and nausea accompanied by dizziness and periods of unconsciousness. Patient B, 48 years old, had suffered for four days of general malaise, abdominal pains, nausea and vomiting. The symptoms of both patients could be attributed to severe hyponatraemia, most probably a consequence of the inappropriate ADH syndrome. After correction of the hyponatraemia and treatment of the underlying carcinoma the serum sodium remained normal and symptoms did not recur. The patients died 14 months and 9 months after the diagnosis respectively. In the Netherlands about 2000 small-cell bronchogenic carcinomas are diagnosed each year. About 14% of these are associated with the inappropriate ADH syndrome. The presence of the syndrome implicates a much graver prognosis.
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PMID:[Small-cell lung carcinoma with hyponatremia]. 184 17

In a prospective, double-blind comparison, we assessed the efficacy of transdermal clonidine with that of chlordiazepoxide in the treatment of moderately severe acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. While having significant withdrawal symptoms, 50 hospitalized men were randomly assigned to receive either transdermal clonidine or chlordiazepoxide over a 4-day study period. Outcome was evaluated daily, medically and psychiatrically, using both objective and subjective measurements for dependent variables. No patient in either study group had seizures or progression to delirium tremens. The group receiving transdermal clonidine had a more significant response globally for the signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, as measured by the Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment Scale. Also, clonidine more effectively lowered elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. The core target symptom, anxiety, decreased significantly more in the patients receiving transdermal clonidine when measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and its subscale for somatic anxiety. Cognitive function responded equally in both study populations. Clonidine-treated patients reported less diarrhea, dizziness, headache and fatigue, and the chlordiazepoxide-treated patients reported less nausea and vomiting. We conclude that transdermal clonidine is effective treatment for the acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:Transdermal clonidine versus chlordiazepoxide in alcohol withdrawal: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. 200 May 17

The cases of seven adults who ingested jack o'lantern mushrooms are presented. All patients experienced nausea and vomiting associated with abdominal cramping, and three reported diarrhea. Four of the seven complained of weakness and dizziness. Two were diaphoretic on physical examination. All seven were given IV fluids and oral activated charcoal in a local emergency department and admitted overnight for observation. Laboratory studies showed three of the seven patients to have mildly elevated liver function tests. One patient had hypokalemia requiring potassium supplementation. All were discharged the following day with normal follow-up examinations and laboratory studies. We recommend that all patients presenting with jack o'lantern mushroom poisoning be observed and rehydrated and have baseline liver function tests and potassium levels obtained.
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PMID:Jack o'lantern mushroom poisoning. 202 97

From October 1987 to May 1989, a total number of 527 women completed a total of 6,291 treatment cycles in 6 centers in China for the study of a triphasic oral contraceptive - Triquilar. The mean age of subjects was 30.21 +/- 2.84 years. There were 7 pregnancies during the study period. Among them, five were patient failures because of missed pill or incorrect intake; one had taken barbiturates along with Triquilar. Only one woman became pregnant in the 11th treatment cycle without any reason being found. In most cases, menstrual flow decreased and dysmenorrhea improved as treatment continued. Of the total treatment cycles, the incidence of missed withdrawal bleeding was 0.25%, spotting 0.97%, and breakthrough bleeding 0.48%. Nausea and vomiting was the most common side effect and accounted for 6.4% of the total treatment cycles. This was followed by breast tenderness (3.7%), dizziness (2.4%) and headache (1.6%). Most of the side effects occurred during the first few cycles and were alleviated later. By the end of one year, the total dropout was 64 cases. The reasons for discontinuing treatment were: pregnancy 1.33 (per hundred women), menstrual disturbances 0.76, side effects 3.80, other medical reasons 2.09, and personal reasons 4.18. The results confirm that Triquilar is an effective oral contraceptive with good cycle control and low incidence of side effects. No serious reaction has been reported. It has been well accepted by the Chinese women. However, due to the low dosage of steroids, it is of utmost importance to avoid errors in its use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical experience with triphasic oral contraceptive (Triquilar) in 527 women in China. 203 97

Nineteen patients receiving cancer chemotherapy were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either (a) dronabinol, 10 mg plus placebo q.i.d.; (b) prochlorperazine, 10 mg plus placebo q.i.d.; or (c) dronabinol plus prochlorperazine, each 10 mg q.i.d. There were six evaluable patients in each of the two single-agent groups and five in the combination group. The median duration and severity per episode of nausea was significantly greater in the group receiving prochlorperazine alone versus the other two groups. The median duration per episode of vomiting was also significantly greater in the prochlorperazine group than in the other two groups. The proportion of patients vomiting was the same in all groups; however, only one patient in the combination group versus three each in the single-agent groups experienced nausea (p = NS). The majority of side effects were associated with the CNS, including somnolence, dizziness, and confusion. Side effects were somewhat more common in both groups receiving dronabinol, though they were not statistically different from the side effects in the group receiving prochlorperazine as a single agent. Efficacy, as measured by duration of nausea and vomiting and by severity of nausea, was significantly greater in both groups receiving dronabinol.
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PMID:Dronabinol and prochlorperazine alone and in combination as antiemetic agents for cancer chemotherapy. 217 91

In addition to nausea and vomiting, motion sickness involves slowing of brain waves, loss of performance, inhibition of gastric motility and the Sopite Syndrome. The therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness drugs on these reactions were evaluated. The subjects were rotated to the M-III end-point of motion sickness. Intramuscular (IM) medications were then administered. Side effects before and after rotation were reported on the Cornell Medical Index. Brain waves were recorded on a Grass Model 6 Electroencephalograph (EEG), and gastric emptying was studied after an oral dose of 1 mCi Technetium 99m DTPA in 10 oz. isotonic saline. An increase in dizziness and drowsiness was reported with placebo after rotation. This was not prevented by IM scopolamine 0.1 mg or ephedrine 25 mg. EEG recordings indicated a slowing of alpha waves with some thea and delta waves from the frontal areas after rotation. IM ephedrine and dimenhydrinate counteracted the slowing while 0.3 mg scopolamine had an additive effect. Alterations of performance on the pursuit meter correlated with the brain wave changes. Gastric emptying was restored by IM metoclopramide. Ephedrine IM but not scopolamine is effective for some of the secondary effects of motion sickness after it is established.
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PMID:Therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness medications on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness. 217 99

In a double-blind, random-assignment, parallel-group trial, outpatients with major depression received either the new antidepressant clovoxamine, the tricyclic amitriptyline, or placebo for 6 weeks. By an "improvement" criterion of 50% or greater improvement in the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) total score, 88% of clovoxamine completers improved versus 75% with amitriptyline and 43% with placebo; however, due to small numbers, the differences failed to reach statistical significance. Diminished salivary flow was significantly greater with amitriptyline, as were complaints of dry mouth, somnolence, dizziness, and headache. Nausea and vomiting were more common in the clovoxamine-treated group. With amitriptyline, but not with clovoxamine, memory performance declined over a month. However, psychomotor performance was not affected.
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PMID:Clovoxamine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: a double-blind, parallel-group comparison against amitriptyline and placebo. 220 81

This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of epidural morphine in providing analgesia following Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. The morphine was administered as a single bolus, following delivery, in doses ranging from 2 to 5 mg. The charts of 4880 Caesarean sections, performed on 4500 patients, were reviewed. The duration of analgesia and the occurrence of any symptoms which might be side-effects of the epidural morphine were recorded. The duration of analgesia was 22.9 +/- 10.1 hr and was not correlated with the dose of epidural morphine. Eleven per cent of the patients required no supplemental analgesia during the first 48 hr. Twelve patients (0.25 per cent) had respiratory rates less than 10 breaths per minute, on at least one occasion. No serious sequelae resulted from these periods of bradypnoea. Pruritus occurred in 58 per cent of patients, nausea and vomiting in 39.9 per cent and dizziness in ten per cent. Herpes simplex labialis was recorded in 3.5 per cent of patients. Epidural morphine is thus confirmed as an effective analgesic technique post-Caesarean section with 3 mg being the optimal dose. Even in this young healthy patient population, clinically detectable respiratory depression occurs so clinical respiratory monitoring is indicated.
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PMID:Epidural morphine for analgesia after caesarean section: a report of 4880 patients. 220 31

The frequency of side effects of a nonionic contrast agent (iohexol) was studied in 463 consecutive patients who underwent venography for clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and compared with the frequency of adverse reactions of another series in which patients received either the same contrast material or a high-osmolar ionic compound. Minor side effects, including local pain and discomfort, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, skin reactions, superficial phlebitis, and edema, occurred in 83 patients (17.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15%-22%). The only serious adverse reaction (bronchospasm) was seen in two patients (0.4%; 95% CI, 0.1%-1.4%). Postvenographic thrombosis confirmed by means of repeat venography occurred in one of 41 consecutive patients with a previous normal venogram (incidence, 2%; 95% CI, 0%-13%). The frequency of side effects appears to be significantly less than when conventional high-osmolar contrast agents are used. Use of iohexol for venography is associated with minor side effects in approximately one-fifth of patients, and serious adverse reactions necessitating therapy are rare.
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PMID:Lower extremity venography with iohexol: results and complications. 221 92

Altitude sickness is a clinical syndrome that occurs with abrupt ascents to altitudes of 3000 metres and above. Symptoms include headache, malaise, fatigue, dizziness, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and oliguria. At higher altitudes more severe illness resulting from pulmonary oedema or cerebral oedema can occur.
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PMID:Altitude sickness. 232 86


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