Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors describe side effects of Dimer X radiculography after premedication. The side effects in a study of hundred patients are divided in early complications (during the examination : dizziness, radicular pains and collapse) and in late complications (noted during the first day following the examination : headache, meningismus, myocloni, epileptic seizure, cauda syndrome, increase of radicular pains). After premedication with tiapride the rate of dizziness is decreased, the rate of headache is not diminished, but the headaches are very slight. Nausea and vomiting are suppressed by the premedication.
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PMID:[Secondary effects of Dimer X radiculography after premedication. A study of hundred patients (author's transl)]. 22

Two double-blind, crossover trials comparing the antiemetic effectiveness of nabilone, a new synthetic cannabinoid, with that of prochlorperazine were conducted in patients with severe nausea and vomiting associated with anticancer chemotherapy. Of 113 patients evaluated, 90 (80 per cent) responded to nabilone therapy, whereas only 36 (32 per cent) responded to prochlorperazine (P less than 0.001). Complete relief of symptoms was infrequent, occurring only in nine patients (8 per cent) given nabilone. When both drugs were compared, both nausea (P less than 0.01) and vomiting episodes (P less than 0.001) were significantly lower in patients given nabilone. Moreover, patients clearly favored nabilone for continued use (P less than 0.001). Predominant side effects noted by patients were similar for both agents and included somnolence, dry mouth and dizziness but were about twice as frequent and more often severe in patients receiving nabilone. In addition, four patients (3 per cent) taking nabilone had side effects (hallucinations in three, hypotension in one) that required medical attention. Euphoria associated with nabilone was infrequent (16 per cent) and mild.
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PMID:Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 37 88

Ftorafur is a 5-fluorouracil analogue which is slowly metabolized to 5-FU, resulting in prolonged therapeutic levels of this latter drug. Ninety-one evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with Ftorafur, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG (ACFTOR-BCG), in an attempt to increase the effectiveness of the program or decrease its myelosuppressive toxicity. The results of this trial were compared to those previously reported with the combination of 5-FU, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG (FAC-BCG). Overall objective response rates were 65% and 76% for ACFTOR-BCG and FAC-BCG, respectively. Durations of response were 12 months and 14 months for ACFTOR-BCG and FAC-BCG (p = 0.53). The median survival of responders was 22 and 23.9 months, respectively. Substantial toxicity was observed with Ftorafur: nausea and vomiting severe enough to cause weight loss was observed in a substantially higher fraction of the patients treated with this drug than with 5-FU. Other side-effects, which were not observed with the 5-FU combination, were somnolence, dizziness, personality changes, tremor, ataxia, and confusion. No differences in myelosuppressive toxicity were observed between the two combinations, and the incidence of infectious complications was identical. The combination of Ftorafur, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and BCG did not offer any advantages with respect to increased effectiveness or reduced toxicity over the FAC-BCG regimen in breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Ftorafur, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and BCG in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 38 55

Nabilone is a cannabinol derivative which has potent central antiemetic effects in animals. We observed that the drug significantly reduced the nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy in 10 of 13 patients who were refractory to conventional antiemetics. A dose-response effect was apparent. The drug was generally well-tolerated, although it also had sedative effects. Additionally, dizziness, decreased coordination and postural hypotension were observed in some patients. Euphoric effects of the agent were minimal at antiemetic dosage levels.
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PMID:Nabilone: a potent antiemetic cannabinol with minimal euphoria. 60 7

A 14 year old girl developed persistent headache of 6 weeks duration, which she described as a feeling of pressure, accompanied by dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Her EEG showed focal slow waves arising from the right temporo-occipital region. All other investigations were negative. Other medication was ineffective but she responded well to standard anticonvulsant therapy, and her EEG abnormality became minimal. In a case with focal slowing and pain and other handicapping symptoms, which do not respond to other remedies, a trial of antiepileptic medication is indicated even in the absence of clinical seizures and/or EEG evidence of seizure activity.
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PMID:Focal cerebral dysrhythmia--presenting as headache: report of a case. 72 71

During the course of an obscure illness in a teenage girl it was eventually realized that the diagnosis was 'epidemic neuromyasthenia'. The illness which occurred between February and September 1976 was characterized by fatigue, pallor, headache, nuchal pain, alterations in mentation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, paraesthesiae, weakness and heaviness of limbs, and a prolonged relapsing course. Investigation brought to light fourteen patients with similar symptoms--twelve female and two male. In view of the shortcomings of retrospective enquiries, especially those involving the assessment of notes made by other people, and the problem of trying to define a nonfatal illness with protean symptoms, many of a nonspecific nature, with few physical findings and negative laboratory studies, caution is necessary. Under these circumstances it is claimed on clinical epidemiological evidence that a diagnosis of 'epidemic neuromyasthenia' could be sustained confidently in three patients and probably in a fourth. Six patients were considered possible cases and four were rejected.
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PMID:'Epidemic neuromyasthenia' in Southwest Ireland. 74 20

In January and February 1974, 32 adults (20 males and 12 females) and a 13-year-old girl with taeniasis saginata were treated with the mixture of boiled areca nuts and pumpkin seeds at Mastoban, Jen-ai District, Nantou County, Taiwan. A total of 48 worms including 42 scolices were recovered from 29 cases. Side-effects were observed in 4 cases including 3 with complaints of dizziness, tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, and one with coma and abdominal pain. Mixtures of 75-150 g areca nuts and 50-100 g pumpkin seeds were judged effective and safe.
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PMID:Treatment of Taenia saginata infection with mixture of areca nuts and pumpkin seeds. 103 85

This study was designed to see whether covering of the eyes during and after ketamine anaesthesia would reduce the incidence of dreams. One hundred and fifty patients, randomly divided into three groups, underwent therapeutic abortion with ketamine as the sole anaesthesia. One hundred patients had their eyes completely covered, 50 in the operating room only and 50 in the operating room and in the recovery room. The third 50 were controls, with their eyes uncovered. All patients were questioned post-operatively about dreams, nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness and experiences, and also how frequently they dreamed at home. Although covering the eyes in the recovery room only reduced the incidence of dreams marginally, it became obvious that the patients who dreamed after ketamine (in all 3 groups) were those who normally dreamed at home. There were 82 patients who were recorded as not being home-dreamers, and only two of these dreamed after ketamine. In contrast, of the 68 home-dreamers, 50 dreamed after ketamine, and 17 of these had unpleasant dreams. In the home-dreamers, covering the eyes reduced the incidence of dreams from 86 per cent in Group 1 to 72 per cent in Group 2 and 64 per cent in Group 3. It is suggested that goggles may be advantageous when dealing with home-dreamers, and a question about the patient's tendency to dream should be included in the preoperative questioning. Alterations in premedication and the use of a quiet dark room during recovery may even further reduce unpleasant dreams in this group.
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PMID:A consideration of ketamine dreams. 110 98

Granisetron is a new serotonin-receptor antagonist with considerable activity in preclinical models and early clinical studies against drug-induced nausea and vomiting. In a randomized, double-blind trial, two dose levels of granisetron were compared with regard to their efficacy and safety if given to patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy with or without cisplatin. The present paper reports the Dutch experience with 125 patients included in this international trial. The two dose levels (40 and 160 micrograms/kg given once i.v. prior to chemotherapy) were equally effective in preventing acute emesis and nausea (within the first 24 h); in the group receiving cisplatin doses of 50 mg/m2 or more, 39% of patients had a complete response (no vomiting and mild nausea at most), with a complete response rate of 82% in the patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Sixty-three percent of patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy with a complete response within 24 h lost this response during the next 6 days, as did 20% of the other patients. Headache was the most frequently reported adverse event (18%), followed by constipation (6%) and dizziness (4%). All adverse events were mild and occurred equally frequently at both dose levels. Granisetron at 40 micrograms/kg i.v. given once is effective in the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced emesis and nausea, in particular in patients receiving moderately emetogenic therapy.
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PMID:A randomized trial of two doses of granisetron in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis. Dutch results within a multinational study. 133 30

Physicians enrolled 127 patients who were admitted to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Thailand with acute, uncomplicated falciparum malaria between January-May 1991 into a randomized clinical trial of 3 oral treatments: artesunate, mefloquine, and artesunate followed by mefloquine. At the end of 28 days, 88% of patients who received only artesunate (total dose 600 mg), 81% of those who received only mefloquine (total dose 1250 mg), and all patients who received both artesunate and mefloquine were cured. Artesunate reduced the parasite count by 90% within 24 hours of 1st treatment. The 2 groups that received artesunate experienced considerably more rapid reduction in parasitemia and in fever than the group that received only mefloquine (p.002). Mefloquine was more adept than artesunate at clearing residual parasites. Mefloquine-treated patients experienced slightly more headaches and dizziness while they still had malaria than the other 2 groups. The physicians believed that these symptoms could actually have been due to the acute malaria infection. Patients who were on the sequential artesunate-mefloquine regime experienced more nausea and vomiting than the other groups, but the differences were insignificant. The combination therapy with artesunate and mefloquine was very effective and patients with acute, uncomplicated malaria tolerated it well.
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PMID:Randomised trial of artesunate and mefloquine alone and in sequence for acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. 134 54


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