Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although old or recent infarcts of a cerebellar hemisphere in the territories of the posterior inferior (PICA), superior, or anterior inferior cerebellar arteries are commonplace autopsy findings, in no case have corresponding clinical symptoms been clearly identified. We have studied three cases, two clinocaopthologically and one clinicosurgically, in which an acute infarct involving only the cerebellum lay in the PICA territory distal to the branches to the medulla oblongata. The clinical manifestations consisted of rotatory dizziness intensified by motion, nausea, vomiting, imbalance, and nystagmus. In two cases, the clinical diagnosis had been a benign labyrinthine disorder. Recognition of a syndrome corresponding to cerebellar infarction in the PICA territory is important insofar as it assists in the differential diagnosis of dizziness. It becomes of crucial importance when cerebellar infarction is the prelude to cerebellar swelling and brain stem conpression leading to coma and death unless surgically relieved.
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PMID:Acute cerebellar infarction in the PICA territory. 113 Oct 70

The safety of outpatient surgery depends mainly on patient selection, the type of operation, and the anesthetic technique. Subjects of this study were 500 women who as outpatients underwent tubal electrocoagulation through a laparoscope. After an interval of 1 week to 4 months postoperatively, each was sent a questionnaire regarding postanesthetic complications. The questionnaire was returned by 418 patients (83.6%). Several anesthetic agents had been used. Premedication was given only to very nervous patients (18%). Atropine .4 mg was given to all just before the operation. The trachae of all patients were untubated after a dose of succinylcholine and in 60% of cases 3-6 mg of D-tubocurare. There were no immediate anesthetic complications. Most patients were discharged within 3 hours. Postanesthetic complications were common. Muscle pains occurred in 45%, many lasting 2-5 days. Sore throat followed in 28.2% but was usually mild. Headache, nausea, vomiting, cough, and sputum were noted in 8-17%. A mild dizziness was sometimes a complaint. Inability to concentrate was experienced by 30% of patients for over 2 days. In 32.9 %, return to usual work took up to 48 hours; in 57.9%, it was 2-5 days w hile the others required over 5 days. 81% of the patients reported that they would accept the procedure again, while 16.7% would refuse. Return to preoperative mental status usually took several days and in a few over 5 days. Too early use of alcoholic beverages or driving an automob ile were warned against. Most patients considered that the advantage of having the operation as outpatients made up for the discomforts.
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PMID:Anaesthetic complications in surgical out-patients. 115 42

Ftorafur, a furanyl analog of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is reported to be five to six times less toxic and possibly more effective in cancer of the breast and colon than 5-FU. The drug was synthesized, formulated, and utilized in toxicologic studies, and then in 24 patients with advanced incurable malignancies. When Ftorafur is given by intravenous push, it results in immediate flushing, dizziness, nausea, retching, and in some cases transient hypotension. These immediate side effects are largely eliminated by administering the drug slowly by infusion. In patients, 60 mg/kg of Ftorafur given i.v. daily for up to 10 days resulted in mild toxicity. However, 80 mg/kg given i.v. daily for 7 days resulted in severe toxicity, with nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. These studies confirm those of the Russian investigators as to toxicity and dosage, even with a different method of administration more convenient for therapy. Phase II studies are presently being carried out to compare the effectiveness of Ftorafur and 5-FU.
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PMID:Phase I study of ftorafur, an analog of 5-fluorouracil. 120 38

A case of a rare lethal intoxication with yew leaves (taxus baccata) is reported. The clinical signs were dizziness (onset 1 hr after yew leaves were ingested), nausea, diffuse abdominal pain, unconsciousness, weak breathing, tachycardia, brief ventricular flutter afterwards a slow pulse, and finally death by respiratory arrest and diastolic cardiac standstill. Particular attention was given to the ECG. It showed an atypical bundle branch block with a maximal QRS-duration of 0.24 sec. A striking resemblence to the ECG in the case of hyperkalemia is seen in that P-waves were absent. Therefore, the possibility is noted that an acute hyperkalemia could be partly responsible for the cardiotoxic effect of the leaf.
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PMID:[Lethal intoxication with leaves of the yew tree (Taxus baccata) (author's transl)]. 124 88

Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, reverses the residual central nervous system effects of benzodiazepines. In this US double-blind, multicenter study, the efficacy of flumazenil was compared with that of placebo in antagonizing the effects of midazolam, a benzodiazepine used to induce intravenous conscious sedation. The mean dose of flumazenil was 0.7 mg, administered intravenously. At 5 minutes posttreatment, 82% of 131 flumazenil-treated patients, compared with 15% of 65 placebo-treated patients, demonstrated complete reversal of sedation. In 85% of patients who responded to flumazenil, this reversal of sedation was maintained throughout the 180-minute observation period. Psychomotor performance returned to prestudy levels 5 minutes posttreatment in 87% of the flumazenil-treated patients, compared with 28% of the placebo-treated patients. At the doses administered, flumazenil was less effective in reversing midazolam-induced amnesia, with only 60% of patients demonstrating partial recovery of memory. It was, nevertheless, more effective than placebo. Flumazenil was well tolerated. Dizziness (10%) and nausea (9%) were the most frequently reported adverse effects. Results of this study demonstrate that flumazenil antagonizes the central nervous system effects of midazolam after intravenous conscious sedation.
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PMID:Reversal of central nervous system effects by flumazenil after intravenous conscious sedation with midazolam: report of a multicenter clinical study. The Flumazenil in Intravenous Conscious Sedation with Midazolam Multicenter Study Group I. 128 95

The efficacy and safety of flumazenil in antagonizing the central effects of the benzodiazepine midazolam was demonstrated in patients in whom conscious sedation was induced with midazolam plus an opioid (fentanyl, meperidine, or morphine). In a double-blind, multicenter study, 240 patients were administered flumazenil postoperatively at an average intravenous dose of 0.7 mg (7 ml) and 114 patients were administered an average dose of 9 ml placebo. Complete reversal of sedation was observed in 80% of flumazenil-treated patients and 30% of placebo-treated patients 5 minutes posttreatment. In 87% of patients who responded to flumazenil, the level of alertness was maintained throughout the 180-minute observation period. Midazolam-impaired psychomotor performance returned to normal 5 minutes posttreatment in 80% of the flumazenil-treated patients and 28% of the placebo-treated patients. Flumazenil was less effective in reversing midazolam-induced amnesia, with only 70% of flumazenil-treated patients (and 15% of placebo-treated patients) able to recall the picture shown them at the 5-minute assessment, and fewer patients able to recall pictures shown at later times. Flumazenil was well tolerated, although adverse effects were reported slightly more often than in the placebo group. The most frequent adverse events in both groups were dizziness and nausea. Vital signs were not affected.
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PMID:Reversal of central benzodiazepine effects by intravenous flumazenil after conscious sedation with midazolam and opioids: a multicenter clinical study. The Flumazenil in Intravenous Conscious Sedation with Midazolam Multicenter Study Group II. 128 96

A double-blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, in 146 hospitalized patients, who had had general anesthesia induced by midazolam and a long-acting opioid. Ninety-eight patients received flumazenil and 48 received placebo. Administered postoperatively at a mean intravenous dose of 0.84 mg (range: 0.2 mg to 1 mg), flumazenil reversed benzodiazepine-induced sedation to a greater extent than did placebo. At 5 minutes posttreatment, 61 (76%) of 80 flumazenil-treated patients and 7 (18%) of 40 placebo-treated patients had attained a score of 4 or 5 on the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale, indicating that they were drowsy or fully awake and alert. This level of arousal was maintained for the full 180-minute posttreatment assessment period in 79% of flumazenil-treated patients. Between-group differences in mean change from baseline in level of alertness were statistically significant (P < 0.01) until 60 minutes posttreatment, when the spontaneous recovery of placebo-treated patients resulted in declining intergroup differences. The global efficacy rating (based on the physician's general impression of the effectiveness of the reversal of sedation 5 minutes after test drug administration) was good or excellent in 64 (80%) of the 80 flumazenil-treated patients and 5 (13%) of the 40 placebo-treated patients evaluated. Flumazenil, compared with placebo, was not associated with an increased frequency of operative-site pain, and no serious adverse effects of this benzodiazepine antagonist were reported. The most frequent adverse experiences in both treatment groups were nausea, shivering, and operative-site pain. Vomiting, dizziness, and injection-site reactions were also reported in > or = 5% of patients treated with flumazenil.
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PMID:Reversal of the central effects of midazolam by intravenous flumazenil after general anesthesia and use of a long-acting opioid in hospitalized patients: report of a multicenter double-blind clinical study. The Flumazenil in General Anesthesia in Hospitalized Patients Study Group II. 128

Flumazenil was studied in a double-blind multicenter trial to confirm its efficacy and safety in antagonizing the central effects of benzodiazepines after general anesthesia (midazolam, short-acting narcotic, nitrous oxide) with muscle relaxants and selected potent volatile anesthetics as needed. One hundred seventy-two outpatients were randomly assigned to receive either flumazenil or placebo titrated to the point of reversal of sedation or a maximum dose of 1 mg of flumazenil or 10 ml of placebo. The test drug was given intravenously (0.2 mg flumazenil or 2 ml placebo) at 1-minute intervals. Tests of alertness, psychomotor function, and memory were conducted prestudy and at baseline before the administration of flumazenil and at 5-, 15-, 30-, 60-, 120-, and 180-minute intervals after administration. The changes from prestudy or baseline scores were analyzed to compare differences between treatment groups. Seventy-five percent of the 105 flumazenil-treated patients and 14% of the 55 placebo-treated patients who met the qualifications for efficacy evaluations obtained a criterion level of response as measured by the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale. Most (76%) patients who were alert at 5 minutes maintained their level of wakefulness throughout the 180-minute observation period. All 172 patients were included in evaluations of safety. Fifty percent of 113 flumazenil-treated patients and 31% of 59 placebo-treated patients reported one or more adverse experiences. The most frequently reported were nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Only 6 adverse effects in the flumazenil group and 1 in the placebo group were considered severe; the remainder were mild or moderate. None were considered serious or potentially serious. Postoperative administration of flumazenil (mean dose, 0.85 mg) safely provided a prompt, controlled reversal of the sedative and psychomotor effects of midazolam in most patients.
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PMID:Reversal of the central effects of midazolam by intravenous flumazenil after general anesthesia in outpatients premedicated with an opioid and a muscle relaxant: report of a multicenter double-blind clinical study. The Flumazenil in General Anesthesia in Outpatients Study Group II. 128 1

In a US double-blind, multicenter study, flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, administered postoperatively in a mean intravenous dose of 0.67 mg (range, 0.2 to 1 mg), was superior to placebo in reversing sedation and other central nervous system effects of benzodiazepines in outpatients recovering from general anesthesia induced by midazolam, fentanyl or sufentanil, and nitrous oxide. Within 5 minutes after administration of flumazenil, sedation was reversed in 94% (87 of 93) of flumazenil-treated patients, compared with 13% (6 of 46) of placebo-treated patients. The criterion response (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score of 4 or 5) that was achieved at 5 minutes was maintained in 79 (93%) of 85 patients throughout the 180-minute observation period. Psychomotor performance, measured by the Finger-to-Nose Test, was rated as normal at 5 minutes posttreatment for 77% (71 of 92) of flumazenil-treated patients, and 4% (2 of 46) of placebo-treated patients. The reversal of amnesia, as determined by the Picture Recall Test was less consistent. Patients given flumazenil did not experience more pain at the operative site or require more analgesic medication than did those given placebo. Nausea (flumazenil 24%; placebo 15%), dizziness (flumazenil 12%; placebo 2%), and vomiting (flumazenil 10%; placebo 9%) were the most frequent adverse effects in each group. In conclusion, flumazenil provided prompt arousal from benzodiazepine-induced sedation and was well tolerated.
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PMID:Reversal of the central effects of midazolam by intravenous flumazenil after general anesthesia in outpatients: a multicenter double-blind clinical study. The Flumazenil in General Anesthesia in Outpatients Study Group I. 128 2

Biological response modifiers (BRMs) have greatly modified the immunotherapy of tumors. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has brought about metastasis regression in some cases of malignant tumors, however, when given systemically, it results in high toxicity. More recently, the subcutaneous administration of IL-2 (combined with alpha-interferon, alpha-IFN) seems to be capable of offering the same chances of therapeutic response, but this time with a lower level of toxicity. The Authors report an evaluation of toxicity in 22 patients treated with a combination of IL-2 + alpha-IFN i.m. with or without chemotherapy. The side-effects present in the majority of cases were: fever, diarrhea and asthenia. Approximately 50% of the patients had nausea/vomiting, mucositis, skin rashes, and slight leukopenia. The following side-effects were noted to a much lesser degree, thrombocytopenia, alterations in hepatic and dizziness and cystitis. Only one patient reached 4th degree toxicity, with mucositis, asthenia and skin rash. All the other patients received the treatment without suspensions for toxicity. Biological evaluations will enable us to determine in the future, the cases which can benefit from therapeutic intensification and thus it would seem opportune at this time to use therapy with acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:Evaluation of toxicity in 22 patients treated with subcutaneous interleukin-2, alpha-interferon with and without chemotherapy. 128 42


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