Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results are reported of the administration of dydrogesterone, 5 mg twice daily, to 49 patients with endometriosis. All but five patients were symptom-free after nine months of therapy. Most subjective symptoms had disappeared within four to eight weeks; dyspareunia usually took longer. In 30 out of 32 patients who had a culdoscopy after one or two treatment courses, a 'cure' of endometriosis was confirmed. Ten out of nineteen infertile patients became pregnant following treatment. The only side-effects were transient mastalgia and dizziness in two patients. No amenorrhoea or other disturbances of the menstrual cycle were reported.
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PMID:Dydrogesterone and endometriosis. 125 80

In a randomised parallel-block trial in thirteen European centres bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice a day was compared with placebo therapy for cyclical mastalgia. 272 patients were enrolled into the study. Linear analogue charts and diary pain cards were used for assessment of response. Reduction in breast pain, heaviness, tenderness, and serum prolactin after 3 and 6 months' therapy were significantly greater with bromocriptine than with placebo. Improvement in symptoms with bromocriptine was maintained for at least 6 months after therapy. Overall 29% of patients dropped out while on therapy, more from the bromocriptine than from the placebo group. Adverse effects, especially nausea and dizziness, were commoner among the bromocriptine-treated patients, but blood pressure was unaffected.
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PMID:European multicentre trial of bromocriptine in cyclical mastalgia. 196 67

147 Mexican women, of low socioeconomic level, who had aborted spontaneously and desired pregnancy, were subjected to trial of placebo oral contraceptive. In 424 months there were 72 pregnancies, a Pearl index of 203.8 pregnancies per 100 couple-years. Menstrual cycles lasted 21-24 days in 30 women (9.8%), 25-35 days in 235 (76.8%), and 36-59 days in 38 (12.4%). 18 cycles (5.8%) were marked by intermenstrual bleeding. Incidence of 31 side effects is listed. Most common were: decreased libido 125 months (29.5%), headache 66 (15.6%), lower abdominal pain and bloating 58 (13.7%), dizziness 47 (11.1%). Common complaints were nervousness, increased libido, dysmenorrhea, nausea, epigastric pain, leg pain, leukorrhea, somnolence. Oral contraceptive-like side effects reported in fewer than 1% of months included acne, mastalgia, increased appetite, weight gain, painful varicose veins. Nausea (here 4.2% of months) was the only side effect with markedly different incidence from other studies with active oral contraceptives.
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PMID:Incidence of side effects with contraceptive placebo. 535 96

In a pilot clinical trial on 52 patients, 75 microg Quinagolide given once per day was administered for the treatment of cyclical mastodynia. Linear analogue charts were used for the assessment of response. Decrease in breast pain, heaviness, tenderness and serum prolactin level on the one hand, and increases in the serum estradiol and progesterone levels on the other hand were noted after 3 and 6 months administration, and were statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. One-Way Anova Repeated Measures and Wilcoxon test and analysis of Covariance model. The beneficial effect of Quinagolide also lasted after the cessation of treatment. Fourteen patients dropped out during treatment. Adverse effects like nausea, low blood pressure, dizziness and constipation were rarely reported.
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PMID:Pilot study on the treatment of cyclical mastodynia with Quinagolide. 1037 28

The results of clinical trials of vaginal contraceptive pills suggest that this is a safe, effective, and acceptable means of fertility control. Plasma levels of progesterone rise at a slower pace and to a lower peak value when contraception is administered vaginally rather than orally. Despite lower blood levels, ovulation is suppressed in the majority of cycles and fertility control compares favorably with that observed in users of low-dose combined OCs. Lower steroid blood levels and the fact that vaginal pills bypass the liver minimize the occurrence of side effects noted in some OC users such as nausea, gastric intolerance, headaches, weight gain, and dizziness. In 1 clinical trial, 124 women used a vaginal pill containing 500 mcg of d-1-norgestrel and 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol for 6-20 months, for a total of 1438 women-months. No pregnancies occurred in this series. Bleeding generally developed 3-5 days after insertion of the last pill and lasted 3-5 days in 98% of cycles. The interval between withdrawal bleeding events was 26-30 days in 86% of cycles. Breakthrough bleeding occurred in only 6 subjects. Vaginal discharge, involving pathogenic agents similar to those found in OC users, developed in 26 (20%) of subjects. 44 women (36%) discontinued before 1 year of use: 7 cited medical reasons (mastalgia, vaginal irritation), 6 desired pregnancy, and the remaining 31 found daily insertion tedious or distasteful. No significant changes occurred in blood cell counts, hematocrit, or blood chemistry. Smaller clinical trials of both Gestrinone, an anti-estrogenic progesterone, and a vaginal pill containing 50 mcg of mestranol and 1 mg of norethindrone have obtained similar results. These findings suggest that the vaginal contraceptive pill may offer family planning clinics a better alternative than OCs as the 1st prescribed contraceptive.
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PMID:The vaginal contraceptive pill. 1226 27

Due to the long-term health risks now associated with hormone replacement therapy, many menopausal women are actively seeking alternative treatments. One such alternative is black cohosh (Actaea racemosa, syn. Cimicifuga racemosa), which has been used in the United States for the treatment of gynecologic complaints for more than 100 years. Review of the published clinical data suggests that black cohosh may be useful for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, profuse sweating, insomnia, and anxiety. Results from the most recently published trial, however, indicate that black cohosh is not effective for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors being treated with tamoxifen. Because the overall quality of the published clinical trials is low, two new randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are currently underway in the United States. To date, only one standardized black cohosh extract has been tested clinically; the current recommended dose is 40-80 mg per day. At least 4-12 weeks of treatment may be required before any therapeutic benefits may be apparent. Adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, mastalgia, and weight gain have been observed in clinical trials. No drug interactions are reported in the medical literature. The estrogenic effects of black cohosh are controversial, and the more recent data indicate that black cohosh extracts may have an anti-estrogenic activity. Owing to potential effects on sex hormones, however, black cohosh should not be administered to children or during pregnancy and lactation.
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PMID:Black cohosh: an alternative therapy for menopause? 1255 11

Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) licensed for the prevention of non-traumatic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women at increased risk of osteoporosis, was launched in the UK in August 1998. The aim of the study was to monitor the safety of raloxifene prescribed in the primary care setting in England using prescription-event monitoring (PEM). Patients were identified by means of prescription data supplied by the Prescription Pricing Authority between September 1998 and November 2000. Demographic and clinical event data were collected from questionnaires posted to primary care physicians (GPs) at least 6 months after the date of the first prescription for each patient. Information on medical events, suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs), reasons for stopping treatment, pregnancies, and causes of death was requested. Event rates [Incidence Densities (IDs): no. first reports /1000 patient-months of treatment] were calculated. Differences between IDs for events reported in month one (ID(1)) and months 2-6 (ID(2-6)) of treatment were examined. The cohort comprised 13,987 patients [median age 62 years (IQR 55,69); 99.8% female]. The major indication was osteoporosis (40.9%, n=5725). Flushing was the event with the highest ID in month 1 (22.8), reported most frequently by GPs as an ADR to raloxifene (67/461 reports) and as the reason for stopping (700/4592 reports). Events associated with starting treatment included flushing, malaise/lassitude, headache/migraine, nausea/vomiting, sweating, cramp, pain abdomen, dizziness, diarrhea, mastalgia and vaginal hemorrhage. Less common events reported during treatment included deep vein thrombosis (n=13), pulmonary embolism (n=13), thrombophlebitis (n=31) and visual disturbance (n=29). In this study, there were 122 (0.9%) confirmed deaths, of which 32 causes of death were unknown. This study shows that raloxifene is generally well tolerated when used in general practice in England. Potential signals of unrecognised ADRs requiring further evaluation included gastrointestinal adverse symptoms and vaginal hemorrhage. There were also a small number of reports of events associated with venous thromboembolism and visual disorders that require further investigation.
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PMID:Safety profile of raloxifene as used in general practice in England: results of a prescription-event monitoring study. 1530 82

Since the publication of the results of the Women's Health Initiative that described the risks of hormone replacement therapy, many women are actively seeking alternative treatments for menopausal symptoms. Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa, syn. Cimicifuga racemosa) is one such alternative that has been used in the US for over 100 years. To date only two cimicifuga extracts have been tested clinically, and the current recommended dosage is 40-80 mg/day. Review of the published clinical data suggests that cimicifuga may be useful for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, profuse sweating, insomnia, and anxiety. However, the methodology used in most of the trials is poor and further clinical assessment of cimicifuga is needed. In terms of safety, transient adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, mastalgia, and weight gain have been observed in clinical trials. A few cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported, but a direct association with the ingestion of cimicifuga has not been demonstrated. The most recent data suggest that cimicifuga is not estrogenic.
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PMID:Black cohosh (Actaea/Cimicifuga racemosa): review of the clinical data for safety and efficacy in menopausal symptoms. 1589 23

The occurrence of vasomotor symptoms in women is directly related to deficiency of estrogen, which occurs as a result of natural or surgical menopause. Hot flushes may also be a major problem for patients with a history of breast cancer, as they may result directly from cancer treatment (oophorectomy, chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure or adjuvant tamoxifen citrate therapy). Despite the lack of reliable data regarding their efficacy and safety, in recent years the usage of herbs among menopausal women has increased dynamically all over the world. The following paper reviews professional literature about Black Cohosh (Actaea/Cimicifuga racemosa), either used alone or in combination with other medicinal herbs administered in management of vasomotor symptoms. Extracts of the rootstock of Black cohosh contain such potentially biologically active constituents as triterpene glycosides (actein, cimicifugoside, deoxyacetein), isoferulic acid and alkaloids (n-methylcytisine). The mechanism of its action remains unclear. Some authors suggest that Black Cohosh contains substances with selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) activity. Recent data has demonstrated that Black Cohosh may have an effect on dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Thirty-two papers formed the basis for this review. Open-label, noncomparative studies, as well as treatment-controlled, randomized, open trials, have proven that Black Cohosh significantly reduced frequency or severity of hot flashes. The results of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials were contradictory. Adverse symptoms have been rare (5,4%), mild and reversible. Most of them included gastrointestinal upsets, rashes, headaches, dizziness and mastalgia. Nevertheless, single cases of serious adverse events, including acute hepatocellular damage, have been reported, but without a clear causality relationship.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of Black cohosh (Actaea/Cimicifuga racemosa) in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms--review of clinical trials]. 1859 68

Some symptoms of menopause have also been described in patients with toxoplasmosis. Whether Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection has any influence on clinical manifestations of menopause is yet unknown. We sought to determine whether T. gondii exposure is associated with symptoms and signs of menopause. We performed a cross-sectional study of women attending a public health center in Durango City, Mexico. Participants were examined for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. A questionnaire including 47 symptoms and signs potentially associated with menopause was applied. Association of seroprevalence for T. gondii with clinical characteristics of women was assessed by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Bivariate analysis showed that bouts of rapid heartbeat, breast pain, electric shock sensation, dizziness, digestive problems, low back pain, and migraine were associated with seropositivity to either IgG anti-T. gondii alone or both IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii. Breast pain was the only variable that was found to be associated with IgG seropositivity to T. gondii by multivariate analysis: (OR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.35-5.90; P = 0.005). Our results suggest that T. gondii exposure may influence on the clinical manifestations of menopause. Results deserve further research.
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PMID:Influence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection on Symptoms and Signs of Menopause. 2714 14


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