Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The safety profile of estazolam, a new triazolobenzodiazepine hypnotic medication, has been developed in 1,320 normal volunteers and patients with insomnia. No clinically significant effects of estazolam on vital signs or laboratory values were detected. Drug-specific adverse effects such as somnolence, dizziness, hypokinesia, and abnormal coordination occurred, but these are expected extensions of benzodiazepine pharmacologic activity. No consistent effects on psychomotor performance, including memory, were seen at the recommended hypnotic doses in insomniac subjects. These data, combined with the evidence for hypnotic activity, indicate that estazolam is a safe and effective treatment for insomnia.
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PMID:Safety of estazolam. The United States clinical experience. 196 13

We carried out a four-week double-blind placebo-controlled study comparing remoxipride (n = 20) to chlorpromazine (n = 21) and placebo (n = 21) in the treatment of newly admitted schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation. Chlorpromazine was found to be significantly better than remoxipride on the dropout rate due to inefficacy, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) of severity of illness and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Chlorpromazine tended to be better than placebo on the dropout rate related to inefficacy, Nurse's Global Impression (NGI) of severity and on the BPRS measures of positive symptoms (hallucinatory behaviour and thinking disturbance factor). We were unable to detect a difference between remoxipride and placebo except that remoxipride was better in patients who had previously responded well to neuroleptics. Both drugs induced significantly more parkinsonism than placebo, but differently so: chlorpromazine induced both types of parkinsonism hypo- and hyper-kinetic symptoms, whereas remoxipride induced hyperkinetic symptoms. Chlorpromazine caused more tachycardia, drowsiness, orthostatic dizziness, and dry mouth than the other two treatments, while patients on remoxipride suffered more from insomnia than those on the other two treatments.
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PMID:A placebo-controlled clinical trial of remoxipride and chlorpromazine in newly admitted schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation. 197 69

Ketanserin, a selective S2-serotoninergic antagonist with an additional alpha 1-receptor-blocking effect and a central component of action, represents a new type of antihypertensive drug. It decreases blood pressure by reducing total peripheral resistance. Cardiac output and heart rate remain practically unaltered. The antihypertensive effect of 2 x 20 to 2 x 40 mg/day corresponds to that of therapeutic doses of metoprolol, nifedipine, hydrochlorothiazide or captopril. The main subjective side effects are somnolence, dizziness and dryness of the mouth. No serious metabolic side effects have been observed. Ketanserin can lead to a prolongation of the QTc interval and therefore should not be given to patients with preexisting QTc prolongation, atrioventricular or sinoauricular block of higher degree or with severe bradycardia (less than 50/min). If a diuretic is to be prescribed simultaneously, it must contain a potassium-sparing component. Since its antihypertensive effect is more pronounced in older age, ketanserin should preferentially be given to patients over 60 years of age.
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PMID:Clinical aspects during therapy with the serotonin antagonist ketanserin. 198 24

In the Danish Aneurysm Study 1076 patients (pts.) were admitted with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the 5-year period 1978-83. A warning leak (WL), defined as a sudden episode of headache, vomiting, nuchal pain, dizziness or drowsiness, was identified in 166 pts. (15.4%). In 99 of these the episode was evaluated by a physician but misdiagnosed. A 2-year follow-up examination of the 99 pts. showed that 30 pts. had a normal mental outcome and 43 pts. were dead. If these patients were correctly diagnosed after the WL, when they were in Hunt grade 1-2, the outcome-figures would probably have been significantly better. A theoretical transfer of the outcome-probabilities for pts. in Hunt grade 1-2 to the above mentioned 99 pts. would result in 66 pts. with a normal mental outcome and 25 dead pts. This shows the importance of recognition of a WL episode.
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PMID:Importance of the recognition of a warning leak as a sign of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. 201 46

Evidence from controlled clinical trials of oximes indicates that high doses given im or iv may cause transient disturbances of vision. Blurring of vision and diplopia present for up to an hour can occur. These are often accompanied by other side effects such as nausea, epigastric discomfort, drowsiness and dizziness. Visual effects have not been reported following high doses of oximes given po. Experimental studies provide evidence that some oximes given at high dosages may penetrate the blood-brain and blood-aqueous humor barriers. These suggest that the visual effects may be mediated through the CNS and/or by direct effects on the accommodation mechanisms of the eye. Although transient, the visual effects should be taken into account in clinical trials designed to assess the dosage necessary to achieve prophylaxis against OP antiChE poisoning in occupational situations.
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PMID:Ophthalmic effects of oximes: a review. 203 43

With respect to its molecular structure, mechanisms of action and the profile of action and side effects, Flupirtine is an innovative drug. It can be clearly distinguished from acetylsalicylic acid or NSAIDs on the one hand, and opioids on the other. Clinical observations and animal experiments have provided evidence for a muscle-relaxing effect. On the basis of this knowledge, an open prospective trial was conducted in 50 patients suffering from chronic myofascial pain. In 35 of these patients (70%), daily doses within the range 300-400 mg, individually 600 mg, resulted in definitive amelioration of pain. 17 patients developed side effects, namely somnolence, dizziness and rarely vomiting. In 3 patients, the side effects disappeared when the dose was reduced, the analgesic effect being preserved. On the basis of the data obtained to date, Flupirtine would appear to represent a new possibility for treating pain.
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PMID:[Flupirtine in chronic myofacial pain conditions]. 204 42

A cutaneous test has been applied in examination of the flushing response to ethanol and acetaldehyde in 402 Chinese of Han ethnicity. Using this noninvasive method, five response subtypes have been observed: (A) fast flushing to both ethanol and acetaldehyde; (B) fast flushing only to ethanol but not to acetaldehyde; (C) slow flushing to ethanol only; (D) no response either to ethanol or to acetaldehyde; (E) vasoconstriction to ethanol, or to both ethanol and acetaldehyde. A total of 94% in subtype (A) are reported to be flushers, while only 25% was reported in subtype (D). Other physiological responses, such as tachycardia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and nausea are less frequent after alcohol ingestion. The recent history of consumption of alcohol of the subjects in different subtypes was also obtained. Although alcohol-induced flushing is thought to be a deterrent factor to heavy consumption of alcohol, the frequency of drinking of alcoholic beverages was not found to be different between flushers and nonflushers.
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PMID:Cutaneous vasomotor sensitivity to ethanol and acetaldehyde: subtypes of alcohol-flushing response among Chinese. 208 31

Within the framework of an open, multicenter study of 16 physicians treated 206 hypertensive patients with a daily dose of 2 x 30 mg to 2 x 90 mg of urapidil over a period of 3 years. Data are available on 182 patients for the entire study period. 24 patients discontinued the study due to adverse effects (n = 2), an inadequate effect (n = 2), or for reasons unrelated to therapy (n = 20); 58 (28.2%) patients had complaints. The most frequently reported symptoms were nausea, dizziness, drowsiness and fatigue. No relevant changes in laboratory values were observed. Average body weight remained constant and there were no signs of sodium or water retention. In the first year systolic blood pressure was reduced by 25 mm Hg from 174 +/- 13 mm Hg to 149 +/- 10 mm Hg (mean value +/- SD), and diastolic pressure by 17 mm Hg from 103 +/- 6 mm Hg to 86 +/- 6 mm Hg. At the same average dose this drop in BP persisted in the second year (150 +/- 12/86 +/- 7 mm Hg) and the third year (146 +/- 10/85 +/- 7 mm Hg), indicating that there was no decrease in urapidil effect. The pulse rate fell from 77 +/- 8 beats/minute to 74 +/- 6 beats/minute and remained virtually constant over the next 2 years.
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PMID:[Long-term antihypertensive therapy with urapidil. A 3-year open, multicenter trial of tolerance, safety and effectiveness]. 211 78

Nineteen patients receiving cancer chemotherapy were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either (a) dronabinol, 10 mg plus placebo q.i.d.; (b) prochlorperazine, 10 mg plus placebo q.i.d.; or (c) dronabinol plus prochlorperazine, each 10 mg q.i.d. There were six evaluable patients in each of the two single-agent groups and five in the combination group. The median duration and severity per episode of nausea was significantly greater in the group receiving prochlorperazine alone versus the other two groups. The median duration per episode of vomiting was also significantly greater in the prochlorperazine group than in the other two groups. The proportion of patients vomiting was the same in all groups; however, only one patient in the combination group versus three each in the single-agent groups experienced nausea (p = NS). The majority of side effects were associated with the CNS, including somnolence, dizziness, and confusion. Side effects were somewhat more common in both groups receiving dronabinol, though they were not statistically different from the side effects in the group receiving prochlorperazine as a single agent. Efficacy, as measured by duration of nausea and vomiting and by severity of nausea, was significantly greater in both groups receiving dronabinol.
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PMID:Dronabinol and prochlorperazine alone and in combination as antiemetic agents for cancer chemotherapy. 217 91

In addition to nausea and vomiting, motion sickness involves slowing of brain waves, loss of performance, inhibition of gastric motility and the Sopite Syndrome. The therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness drugs on these reactions were evaluated. The subjects were rotated to the M-III end-point of motion sickness. Intramuscular (IM) medications were then administered. Side effects before and after rotation were reported on the Cornell Medical Index. Brain waves were recorded on a Grass Model 6 Electroencephalograph (EEG), and gastric emptying was studied after an oral dose of 1 mCi Technetium 99m DTPA in 10 oz. isotonic saline. An increase in dizziness and drowsiness was reported with placebo after rotation. This was not prevented by IM scopolamine 0.1 mg or ephedrine 25 mg. EEG recordings indicated a slowing of alpha waves with some thea and delta waves from the frontal areas after rotation. IM ephedrine and dimenhydrinate counteracted the slowing while 0.3 mg scopolamine had an additive effect. Alterations of performance on the pursuit meter correlated with the brain wave changes. Gastric emptying was restored by IM metoclopramide. Ephedrine IM but not scopolamine is effective for some of the secondary effects of motion sickness after it is established.
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PMID:Therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness medications on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness. 217 99


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