Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At a time when Fansimef, the fixed combination of mefloquine, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine was considered for prophylaxis of falciparum malaria, a randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of Fansimef with that of Lariam (mefloquine), Fansidar, chloroquine and placebo in malaria prophylaxis was performed in Thailand from July 1987 to January 1988. The study population of 602 adult males was recruited in Pak Tongchai District, some 360 km North-East of Bangkok, where multiresistant P. falciparum is endemic. All active treatments and placebo were given once weekly for 24 weeks with doses as follows: Fansimef: 125 mg mefloquine + 250 mg sulfadoxine + 12.5 mg pyrimethamine (1 half-strength tablet); Lariam: 125 mg mefloquine (1 half-strength tablet); Fansidar: 500 mg sulfadoxine + 25 mg pyrimethamine; chloroquine; 300 mg. A loading dose of 2 half-strength tablets was given in the Fansimef group in weeks 1 and 2 and in the Lariam group in weeks 1 to 4. The incidence of acute episodes of P. falciparum per 100 person months of prophylaxis was 0.17 each in the Fansimef and the Lariam groups, 1.18 in the Fansidar group, 0.69 in the chloroquine group and 0.64 in the placebo group (differences statistically not significant). Clinically adverse events were reported by 170 subjects (Fansimef 28, Lariam 29, Fansidar 41, choroquine 43, placebo 29; differences statistically not significant). The most frequent adverse events in all groups were headache, sleepiness, dizziness and weakness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fansimef for prophylaxis of malaria: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial. 129 89

Rilmenidine is an oxazoline derivative with antihypertensive activity which was developed to enhance the dissociation between the hypotensive and adverse effect profile of centrally acting agents. Experimental studies have indicated that rilmenidine is selective for both alpha 2-adrenoceptors (v alpha 1) and newly discovered nonadrenergic imidazoline receptors in the brain and in the periphery. In experimental studies, rilmenidine differs from clonidine in that it is more selective for imidazoline receptors than for alpha 2-adrenoceptors; at equihypotensive doses, rilmenidine causes less bradycardia and reduction in cardiac output, less sedation, and little or no antinociceptive action compared to clonidine. The hypotensive effects of rilmenidine are antagonised by idazoxan and yohimbine, but idazoxan (imidazoline structure) is six times more potent than yohimbine (a selective alpha 2-antagonist). In isolated renal proximal tubule cells, where imidazoline binding has also been shown, rilmenidine inhibits reabsorption of sodium. Clinical studies comparing 1 mg rilmenidine with placebo demonstrated significant reductions in blood pressure (BP) (61% rilmenidine v 23% placebo normalized to 160/90 mm Hg). The reduction in BP was not associated with classical alpha 2 side effects such as dry mouth or daytime drowsiness. Compared with clonidine (0.15 to 0.3 mg), equihypotensive doses of rilmenidine (1 to 2 mg) induced two to three times less dry mouth, daytime drowsiness, and constipation; no orthostatic hypotension was reported. Methyldopa (0.5 to 1 mg) v rilmenidine (1 to 2 mg) indicated a comparable reduction of BP with significantly less weakness, drowsiness, orthostatic dizziness, and dry mouth on rilmenidine; there was no evidence of the "clonidine withdrawal syndrome" on drug withdrawal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Distinctive features of rilmenidine possibly related to its selectivity for imidazoline receptors. 135 Jul 32

Blood pressure and clinical status of 1,736 patients with cerebrovascular disease were observed during 12 months of treatment with nicardipine. The most common diagnoses were chronic cerebral ischemia (53.2%), transient ischemic attacks (TIA; 25.1%), and cerebral infarct (8.7%); 50.1% of patients were classed as hypertensive [systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or = 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > or = 90 mm Hg]. Most patients (91.2%) received a daily dose of 60 mg nicardipine. Additional treatments included diuretics (37%), beta-blockers (11.5%), other antihypertensive drugs (15.8%), platelet antiaggregants (25.1%), and cardiotonic drugs (15.1%). A total of 282 patients (16.2%) were lost to follow-up, 21 (1.2%) patients withdrew due to side effects, 32 (1.8%) died, and 9 (0.5%) patients had treatment interrupted due to concomitant illness. In the hypertensive subgroup, blood pressure (SBP/DBP) was reduced from a mean baseline value of 175 +/- 22/97 +/- 14 mm Hg to 152 +/- 17/85 +/- 11 mm Hg at 3 months and 149 +/- 23/81 +/- 11 mm Hg after 12 months of treatment. The incidence of TIA or stroke among these patients was reduced from 29 cases (3.5%) during the first 3 months to 11 cases (1.54%) during months 4-12 (p < 0.01). In normotensive patients there were 18 (2.15%) cases during months 1-3 and 13 (1.55%) cases during months 4-12 (difference not significant). In the 280 patients treated with nicardipine alone, the most frequent side effects during the first month were facial flushing (6.8%), gastrointestinal problems (5%), dizziness (3.2%), headache (3.2%), drowsiness (3.2%), and hypotension (1.1%). Most of these side effects were transient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The influence of nicardipine in patients with high risk of stroke. 136 3

A review of the safety and tolerability of fluvoxamine in worldwide marketing studies involving 24,624 patients, predominantly receiving fluvoxamine treatment in uncontrolled studies in depression, has been conducted. There was a marked preponderance of female patients and patients aged between 30 and 50 years. The majority of patients were treated for 6 weeks, with the most frequent modal total daily dose being 100mg. The greatest proportion of adverse experiences occurring, by COSTART body system, affected the digestive system (24.1%), the nervous system (23.7%), and the body as a whole (15.3%). The only adverse experience with an incidence greater than 10% was nausea (15.7%), with somnolence (6.9%) and asthenia (6.2%) as the next most frequent experiences. Notably, the rates of agitation and anxiety were only 1.4 and 1.3%, respectively. The incidences of adverse experiences increased with age, and were slightly higher in females than males. 15.1% of patients discontinued treatment prematurely as a result of adverse experiences, principally nausea, dizziness, vomiting, somnolence, abdominal pain, and headache. The overall incidence of serious adverse events associated with fluvoxamine treatment was 2.5%, and the incidence of overall suicidality, including suicidal ideation, overdose, and intentional overdose as well as attempted and completed acts of suicide, was remarkably low at 0.8%.
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PMID:Review of fluvoxamine safety database. 137 74

Fifty-one patients with moderate (11/51) and severe (40/51) cancer pain were given a new non-narcotic analgesic -Tromadol HCL capsule (THC). In 42 of these patients, partial relief was obtained with an average relief time (ART) of 4.1 hours. The average starting time was 58 minutes. Pain relief rate (PRR) in moderate and severe pain was 82% (P = 0.945), and the ARTs were 7.4 hr. and 3.2 hr., respectively (P = 0.005). In 43 patients who were entered into a randomized study with control drugs of AT-237 (36 cases) or Anfendein (7 cases), the PRR was 60.4% (26/43), ART was 1.3 hours. The PRR and ART of THC and control drugs were statistically significant (P less than 0.001 and P = 0.023). Within adequate dose range, increase of THC dose could improve its analgesic effect (P = 0.011). The main side-effects were: somnolence (37.3%), nausea (35.3%), dizziness (33.3%), palpitation and anorexia (25.5%) and constipation (9.8%) which did not necessitate the suspension of THC administration.
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PMID:[Pain-relief effect of tramadol HCL capsule for moderate and severe cancer pain]. 139 64

A military tank driving simulator has recently been introduced as a training aid for tank drivers in the Israel Defense Forces. Reports of nausea and vomiting among the first users of the simulator launched our investigation of the possible existence of a motion sickness-like syndrome among simulator drivers. Although the 59 subjects drove the simulator without any report of vomiting, other motion sickness-like symptoms were frequently reported. A comparison of symptoms reported after simulator and real tank driving show that dizziness, nausea, disorientation and hypersalivation were more frequently reported by simulator drivers and were of greater intensity. However, sweating and drowsiness were more prevalent among real tank drivers. The objective effect of driving the simulator was evaluated by instability and performance tests that were conducted before, during and after driving the simulator. A greater decrement in test results was observed among subjects reporting higher frequency of motion sickness-like symptoms.
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PMID:Motion sickness-like syndrome among tank simulator drivers. 142 18

Patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined for the analgesic effect of tramal. All the patients were administered basic therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Tramal produced a beneficial effect in 79% of the patients. The stable analgesic effect ensued on days 3-5 since the onset of continuous treatment. Provided the drug was administered for a short period of time (not more than 14 days), addiction to tramal was not recorded. Only 11% of the patients demonstrated tramal-induced side effects (drowsiness, dizziness, skin itch), seen in cases where the daily dose exceeded 300 mg.
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PMID:[The preliminary results of using tramal in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. 145 76

At the beginning, the way intrathecal morphine was used for postoperative pain relief was quite unfortunate, because the doses derived from experience with morphine-tolerant cancer patients were considerably too high and respiratory depression occurred frequently. Subsequent dose-finding studies showed that the doses of morphine used initially could be reduced by a factor of ten without loss of the analgesic effect and with a marked reduction in side-effects. No respiratory depression has been reported when doses below 0.1 mg morphine are used. METHOD. In this prospective study the effect of 0.06 to 0.08 mg intrathecal morphine, mixed with the local anaesthetic for spinal anesthesia, was investigated in surgical patients aged 21 to 81 years, ASA grade I or II, scheduled for orthopaedic operations or herniorraphies. Thirty unpremedicated patients were enrolled in the study and were, after informed consent, randomly allocated to a control group without morphine or to a morphine group. The analgesic effect was assessed by the time interval between the administration of the spinal anaesthesia and the first demand for an analgesic medication. The mood state was evaluated with the adjective checklist of Janke and Debus 6 h after the spinal anaesthesia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. In the control group half of the patients asked for an analgesic medication within 275 min (median) after the spinal anaesthesia, and all patients within 420 min, whereas in the morphine group half of the patients asked for an analgesic within 1170 min (median). Seven patients had not required an analgesic at the termination of the observation period 20 h after the spinal anaesthesia. The mood status showed no difference between the two groups, in particular, no dizziness or drowsiness after morphine. There was no difference in the incidence of side-effects such as nausea or urinary retention between the two groups. Pruritus was not reported spontaneously but was found upon questioning in five patients. It was in no case disturbing. CONCLUSIONS. Morphine (0.06 to 0.08 mg) mixed with the local anaesthetic for spinal anaesthesia provided for an analgesia of more than 20 h duration in half of the patients. This technique is safe, simple, reliable and virtually free of side-effects. No particular supervision due to the administration of intrathecal morphine is necessary in this dose range if systemic opiates are avoided. If the analgesia is unsatisfactory, a non-opioid analgesic is recommended.
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PMID:[Intrathecal morphine for postoperative pain]. 146 57

This review focuses on the features of pseudotumor cerebri in the pediatric age group. There is no sex predilection in children, and obesity does not appear to be an important factor. Infants and young children may present with irritability, apathy, or somnolence, rather than headache. Dizziness and ataxia may also occur. Papilledema is infrequently noted in pediatric patients if the fontanelles are open or the sutures are split. Pre-adolescents appear more likely than adults or adolescents to have manifestations of their pseudotumor cerebri other than headache and papilledema, including lateral rectus pareses, vertical strabismus, facial paresis, back and neck pain. Among the etiologies that are particularly pertinent to children are tetracycline therapy, malnutrition or renutrition, and the correction of hypothyroidism. Children with pseudotumor cerebri are at risk for visual loss and their visual function must be closely monitored. Surgical intervention is imperative when vision is threatened.
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PMID:Pediatric pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension). 147 50

The results of a drug-use evaluation (DUE) of triazolam at a university medical center are reported. The DUE was conducted at three institutions in a medical center complex with over 1100 beds. Indicators and thresholds were developed by the DUE subcommittee and approved by each institution's pharmacy and therapeutics committee. The medical charts of patients for whom triazolam was prescribed during January through March 1991 were reviewed. The relationship between the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and triazolam use was evaluated with the Naranjo ADR probability scale. Of 192 patients whose medical charts were reviewed, 123 (64%) were prescribed 0.125-mg doses. Patients who were > 70 years of age were more likely than younger patients to be prescribed this low dose (84% versus 60%). Fifty-four patients (28%) received no doses; a median of two doses (range, 1-46) were received by the remaining 138 patients. Twelve (9%) of those 138 patients experienced ADRs considered to be possibly (n = 10) or probably (n = 2) related to triazolam. Possible triazolam-associated reactions consisted of confusion (four cases), weakness and lethargy (four), and dizziness (two); probable triazolam-associated ADRs were confusion (one case) and next-day somnolence (one). Factors potentially contributing to ADRs included the presence of concomitant diseases or medications, the total number of doses received, and patient age. Of 138 hospitalized patients who had been given one or more doses of triazolam, 12 had had possible or probable triazolam-associated ADRs. The use of low doses and short-term therapy, particularly in elderly patients, may reduce the likelihood of ADRs.
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PMID:Triazolam use in a university medical center. 148 97


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