Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synthetic cyclic growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone (G.H.-R.I.H.) impaired platelet aggregation in each of four healthy men given 6-hour infusions. The effects lasted over 24 hours in three of them. There was no consistent change in platelet-counts during the infusions, but 18 hours after the end of the infusions there was a slight but significant increase in platelet-count. There was no change in prothrombin-time, partial thromboplastin-time, fibrinogen titres, and fibrinogen-degradation products. Incubation of G.H.-R.I.H. with blood in vitro did not affect platelet aggregation. Similar impairment of platelet function has been reported by others in baboons given linear G.H.-R.I.H. Infusions in the four healthy men studied also produced abdominal pain, dizziness, and diarrhoea in three, as have been reported in patients similarly infused. Although other side-effects or impairment of platelet-counts or bleeding-tendencies have not been reported in patients infused for up to 72 hours, caution should be exercised when using G.H.-R.I.H. over extended periods until further data on its toxicity are available.
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PMID:Impairment of platelet function by growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone. 4 78

The efficacy of flufenamic acid (3 times/day in 200 mg doses) was tested in a double-blind crossover study, using 44 primary dysmenorrheic patients. After 3 months of use, flufenamic relieved symptoms in most patients. Associated gastrointestinal symptoms were relieved in 66% and 52% (for vomiting and diarrhea, respectively), and 28% of patients experienced cessation of pain symptoms. 4 cases of drug-induced side effects were reported: dizziness and mild dyspepsia.
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PMID:Flufenamic acid in treatment of primary spasmodic dysmenorrhoea. A double-blind crossover study. 7 92

Intravenous treatment with miconazole brought about the recovery of 90% of patients with gastrointestinal or systemic candidosis. Miconazole given by the same route has also been found effective in the treatment of cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Cryptococcal and coccidioidal meningitis have been cured by combined intravenous and intrathecal instillation, although treatment of aspergillosis has presented difficulty. Oral treatment was effective in curing dermatophyte skin infections and systemic mycoses caused by sensitive organisms such as paracoccidioides, blastomyces and histoplasma. The question of blood levels following oral and intravenous administration is discussed. Side effects of the drug were few, and included chills, dizziness, skin rash, itching and diarrhoea. Thus miconazole can safely be given to seriously ill patients. Its behaviour in the body is not influenced by renal insufficiency and no drug induced resistance has been reported.
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PMID:Clinical and experimental evidence on miconazole for the treatment of systemic mycoses: a review. 12 47

Varying reactions of the vegetative nerve system to various point combinations (for example: vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, urge to urinate, fatigue or drowsiness, headache), especially to the needling of Tai Chong (Li 3), induced us to perform biochemical studies before and after acupuncture treatment. A group of children and a group of adults were studied. The material studied was urine and blood; from the children, urine only. The following were determined in the urine: indolacetic acid, 5-hydroxy-indol-3-acetic acid, homovanillic acid, and vanillic-mandelic acid; in the blood, tyrosine and tryptophan (free and bound). Individual points with wide influence (He Gu = LI 4; Zu San Li = St 36; Tai Chong = Li 3) and their combination with generally effective points were tested. The needling of Tai Chong especially showed a clear increase in indolamine metabolism. Isolated increases in metabolites of catecholamine metabolism could be correlated with the patient's increased physical activity after acupuncture. Noteworthy is the observation that no significant chemical reactions were evident if local reactions to the needling no longer appeared at the end of a series of acupuncture treatments.
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PMID:Manipulation of neurotransmitters by acupuncture (?) (A preliminary communication). 23 99

Dantrolene sodium or dantrolene1 is 1([5-(nitrophenyl)furfurylidend] amino) hydantoin sodium hydrate. It is indicated for use in chronic disorders characterised by skeletal muscle spasticity, such as spinal cord injury, stroke, cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis. Dantrolene is believed to act directly on the contractile mechanism of skeletal muscle to decrease the force of contraction in the absence of any demonstrated effects on neural pathways, on the neuromuscular junction, or on the excitable properties of the muscle fibre membranes. Controlled trials have demonstrated that dantrolene is superior to placebo in adults or children with spasticity from various causes, as evidenced by clinical assessments of disability and daily activities, and by muscle and reflex responses to mechanical and electrical stimulation. It is somewhat less effective in patients with multiple sclerosis than in those with spasticity from other causes. There has been a general clinical impression in controlled trials that dantrolene caused less sedation than would have been expected from therapeutically comparable doses of diazepam. In 2 controlled trials, there was no significant difference between dantrolene and diazepam in terms of reductions in spasticity, clonus, and hyperreflexia, but side-effects such as drowsiness and inco-ordination occurred significantly more frequently on diazepam. Long-term studies have indicated continuing benefit for patients taking dantrolene, though the incidence of side-effects has often been high and there has been a suggestion of exacerbation of seizures in children with cerebral palsy. Dantrolene may be of value in the medical treatment of spasm of the external urethral sphincter due to neurological and non-neurological disease, and animal studies suggest a potential use in the management of malignant hyperpyrexia. Chemical evidence of liver dysfunction may occur in 0.7 to 1% of patients on long-term treatment with dantrolene, with symptomatic hepatitis in 0.35 to 0.5% and fatal hepatitis in 0.1 to 0.2%. The drug commonly causes transient drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, general malaise, fatigue and diarrhoea at the start of therapy. Muscle weakness may be the principal limiting side-effect in ambulant patients, particularly in those with multiple sclerosis, and therapy could be hazardous in patients with pre-existing bulbar or respiratory weakness. The dosage of dantrolene has been fixed in most controlled trials, though long-term studies have indicated the need for individualisation of dosage. The initial dose is usually 25mg once daily, increasing to 25mg two, three or four times daily, and then by increments of 25mg up to as high as 100mg two, three or four times daily. The lowest dose compatible with optimal response is recommended.
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PMID:Dantrolene sodium: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in spasticity. 31 89

The efficacy and tolerance of proquazone, 900 mg, and ibuprofen, 1200 mg, were compared in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of 6 months' duration, with 44 patients, 21 on proquazone and 23 on ibuprofen. Comparison of proquazone-treated patients with patients treated with iburofen showed a significantly better improvement , as is demonstrated by the significant differences in the Lansbury Index, in nocturnal pain, final assessment of therapeutic effect, and number of interruptions due to lack of efficacy. All differences were in favour of proquazone, proving its therapeutic superiority over ibuprofen. The side effects in the proquazone group were mainly gastrointestinal, and 2 patients broke off treatment prematurely due to diarrhoea (in one patient, lack of efficacy was a contributory cause). A third patient discontinued because of moderate nausea and dizziness. In the ibuprofen group, 4 patients discontinued because of side effects (skin eruptions, dizziness, epigastric discomfort, and one thrombocytopenia) in addition to lack of efficacy. Proquazone seems to be an effective and well tolerated anti-inflammatory analgesic.
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PMID:A long-term double-blind comparative study on proquazone (Biarison) and ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. 35 39

This paper focuses on recent developments in the areas of mode of action and clinical efficacy of mebendazole use since its introduction in 1974. Mebendazole blocks glucose uptake by adult intestinal-dwelling nematodes and cestodes and their tissue-dwelling larvae. The drug's poor absorption does not appear to affect clinical efficacy except in the treatment of systemic helminth infections. Mebendazole has been found to be ovicidal for the eggs of roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm with the disadvantages of cost and long duration of therapy; it is also considered the best drug for the treatment of trichuriasis. Among its nonapproved uses, it shows promise in the treatment of capillariasis and hydatid disease. Further investigation is needed to establish its role in the treatment of taeniasis, Hymenolepsis nana, Strongyloidiasis, Trichinosis, and Dipetalonema perstans. Side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and dizziness have been reported on rare occasions.
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PMID:Mebendazole. 48 64

Ketoprofen and indomethacin were compared as specific therapies for primary dysmenorrhea in this study involving 23 primary dysmenorrheic women; the study was double-blind and cross-over. Each patient was given a code-numbered package of capsules of ketoprofen (50 mg) or indomethacin (25 mg); medication (1 capsule 3 times daily) was started 1 day before menstruation and was continued until cessation of dysmenorrheic symptoms (no longer than 4 days). Patient estimation of the effect of ketoprofen was ranked as good in 70% of cases, moderate in 18%, and nil in 12%. For indomethacin, the figures were 58, 31, and 10%, respectively. Initial dysmenorrhea score of 9.6 was reduced to 3.6 during ketoprofen therapy and to 4 with indomethacin (P.001). Ketoprofen alleviated pelvic pain in 84% of cases; indomethacin in 78%. Mean duration of pelvic pain was reduced to 5.1 hours from an initial period of 10.6 hours with ketoprofen and 5 hours with indomethacin (P.01); this statistic excluded cycles of total relief. Other symptoms relieved were similar with both drugs, including: lower back pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness (alleviated in 82-97%) and headache, fatigue, and nervousness (alleviated in 40-67%). Blood loss was subjectively estimated to decrease in 42% and increase in 4% of ketoprofen-treated patients, whereas for indomethacin these figures were 36% and 7%, respectively. All side effects were mild. The rate of lost working days was significantly decreased under both treatments.
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PMID:The refief of primary dysmenorrhea by ketoprofen and indomethacin. 53 Dec 31

A review is made of the clinical use of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. Second trimester abortions can be induced by the transcervical extraamniotic, transabdominal intraamniotic, or intravenous injection of PGF2 alpha or PGE2. The use of these agents is currently the method of choice for this procedure. Studies have been made of methods of application which will lead to improved effectiveness and of the use of prostaglandins in combination with oxytocin. The use of prostaglandin analogues, which are metabolized more slowly than the natural prostaglandins, provides the advantages of decreased side effects and a decreased need of additional doses. The side effects associated with prostaglandin use include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heat waves, shivering, headache, dizziness, elevated temperatures, and leucocytosis. The mortality rate reported in a 4-year survey is 10.5/100,000 which compared favorably with the 17.7/100,000 for saline abortions. Prostaglandin gels can be used to soften and dilate the cervix in preparation for an abortion or induction of labor with no undesired side effects and without the use of laminarias. Labor can be induced by the administration of the prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 either intravenously or, in the case of the latter, orally. Treatment with PGE2 can also continue parturition in cases of secondary insufficiency of labor. Research is currently being conducted in the use of these substances for fertility control.
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PMID:Application of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. 74 14

Fenfluramine has been used for a number of years as a short-term adjunct to diet in the management of obesity. Controlled studies and clinical experience have shown that it possesses anorectic activity at least as good as that of other therapeutically useful drugs of its type, but like these drugs it has only a limited role in the overall management of obesity. Tolerance to the anorectic effects of fenfluramine may possibly develop more slowly than to other chemically related drugs in patients with refractory obesity. The mechanism of its anorectic action is probably by an effect on the appetite control centres in the hypothalamus, rather than by an effect on glucose and lipid metabolism. However, its effect in enhancing glucose uptake into skeletal muscle may be of advantage in diabetes mellitus, preliminary studies suggesting that it is of potential use in maturity-onset obese diabetics who cannot be adequately controlled by dietary measures alone. The starting dosage in obesity of 40mg daily should be increased gradually over 2 to 4 weeks to 60 to 120mg. In general, little extra benefit is gained by higher dosage. When a course of therapy is to be discontinued, fenfluramine dosage should be reduced gradually over a period of 2 to 4 weeks in order to avoid mood depression which has occurred in some patients on abrupt withdrawal of the drug. With these recommendations, the majority of patients tolerate fenfluramine satisfactorily, although some patients may have to discontinue the drug because of troublesome gastro-intestinal problems, diarrhoea, drowsiness or dizziness. Unlike other amphetamine-derived anorectics, fenfluramine is not a central stimulant in therapeutic doses, and it probably has little abuse potential.
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PMID:Fenfluramine: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in obesity. 76


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