Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Perceptual cue conflict may be the basis for the symptoms which are experienced by space travelers in microgravity conditions. Recovery has been suggested to take place after perceptual modification or reinterpretation. To elucidate this process, 10 subjects who repeatedly experienced a visual/vestibular conflict (Purkinje) over trials and days, were then tested in a similar but not identical perceptual situation (pseudo-Coriolis) to determine whether any savings in perceptual adaptation had occurred as compared to an unpracticed control group (N = 10). The practiced subjects experienced lessening dizziness and ataxia within and over sessions. Their response to the new perceptual situation was markedly less than the control group (p less than 0.001). Assessment of "adaptability," in addition to the provocative vestibular tests now in use, may improve prediction of susceptibility to the space adaptation syndrome. An adaptability trait may exist in humans which, properly measured, could be used to predict who would adapt more readily to visual/vestibular conflict and perhaps to environmental stressors in general.
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PMID:Transfer of perceptual-motor training and the space adaptation syndrome. 349 97

The dihydroketo and dihydromonohydroxy analogues of carbamazepine (GP 47680 and GP 47779) were tested against carbamazepine for efficacy and tolerability in 13 patients (6 male and 7 female, mean age 69 years) and 11 patients (5 male and 6 female, mean age 64 years), respectively, all of whom were suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. Both derivatives brought about freedom from symptoms or a marked reduction in the pain in all patients. Onset of effect was observed within 48 h in most cases. For both analogues the effective dose was between 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight in most patients. There was a linear relationship, with a correlation coefficient of 0.83 (n = 36; p less than 0.001), between the doses and the serum level. Doses almost twice as high as those of carbamazepine are needed in order to achieve freedom from symptoms with the carbamazepine analogues. Since unwanted effects, in the form of dizziness and ataxia, occur much less frequently than with carbamazepine, the analogues can be administered in higher doses.
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PMID:Trigeminal neuralgia: its treatment with two new carbamazepine analogues. 354 16

Twenty patients underwent axilloaxillary bypass at Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, between 1973 and 1983, all for tight stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery. Review of records was possible for 19 cases. Symptoms included intermittent claudication and numbness of the upper extremity, as well as dizziness, vertigo, and ataxia due to episodes of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Dacron, reversed saphenous vein, and polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were inserted, with all but one occupying a subcutaneous tunnel across the sternum. There were no operative deaths, and morbidity was minimal. The median follow-up was 83 months. The early patency rate was 94%, with a cumulative patency rate of 89% at ten years of follow-up, as determined by the life-table method. Our experience supports axilloaxillary bypass as a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic subclavian artery insufficiency.
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PMID:Subclavian artery insufficiency. Treatment with axilloaxillary bypass. 363 38

Appropriate use of carbamazepine for the treatment of epilepsy is based on correct identification of the patient's seizure type. Carbamazepine is effective against partial seizures and against generalized tonic clonic seizures. Therapy should begin gradually, with initial doses increased slowly over 1 or 2 weeks, as tolerated. Side effects include fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, double vision, nausea, and vomiting. Most practitioners agree that, because of carbamazepine's relatively short half-life, the total dosage should be administered in at least two divided doses. This avoids too high a peak blood level that would occur with a single dose. Carbamazepine therapy is associated with the development of two hematologic conditions. Leukopenia, which may be transient or persistent, requires careful monitoring but is not cause for immediate discontinuation of therapy. Aplastic anemia occurs rarely but is potentially fatal, and therefore diligent monitoring of hematologic function is indicated. Aplastic anemia is an idiosyncratic, non-dose-related side effect that is most likely to occur within the first 3 or 4 months of initiating therapy. Once seizures are controlled, plasma levels of carbamazepine should be measured to establish optimum levels for individual patients being treated with this drug.
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PMID:How to initiate and maintain carbamazepine therapy in children and adults. 369 21

Acute spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage presenting with ataxia, dysarthria, vomiting, dizziness, and coma is commonly the result of hypertension. Early diagnosis is possible, and appropriate treatment, if timely executed, may be lifesaving.
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PMID:Acute spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. 373 46

The term craniovertebral junction refers to an area comprising the inferior portion of the occipital bone surrounding the foramen magnum and the first two cervical vertebrae. A variety of anomalies of bony, meningeal, and neural elements are known to occur in this region, producing a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. These can range from dizziness, ataxia, and nuchal headaches to obvious quadriparesis and cranial nerve palsies. Often the symptoms are vague with an evolution marked by temporary exacerbations and remissions. The diagnosis can be difficult, and in our experience is best achieved by combining a neurotologic and neurologic evaluation. We discuss here the symptoms and diagnosis in ten patients with lesions at the craniovertebral junction. The surgical management of two cases of basilar invagination is described, and the controversies regarding the technique are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of anomalies of the craniovertebral junction. 376 20

Since 1981, 28 patients have been diagnosed with autoimmune inner ear disease. This preliminary, retrospective study reviews clinical and laboratory manifestations of autoimmune vestibular dysfunction. Sixteen of 28 patients presented with dizziness (7 vertigo, 8 lightheadedness, 1 ataxia). Twelve of these patients presented with Meniere's syndrome. Seven of 16 dizzy patients underwent formal vestibular testing. Five had reduced vestibular response in the involved ear(s); one patient had positional nystagmus only; and one had normal results. Of 17 patients with adequate follow-up, 11 presented with dizziness. Hearing improved and dizziness resolved in two patients following treatment. Hearing stabilized and dizziness resolved in two. Hearing stabilized but lightheadedness (without vertigo) persisted in five. Hearing was lost and oscillopsia resulted in two patients. Preliminary conclusions are vestibular dysfunction in autoimmune inner ear disease is nonspecific; bilateral vestibular dysfunction is more common; Meniere's syndrome is relatively common; medical management usually is helpful; surgery at this time does not seem appropriate; vestibular treatment results tend to parallel auditory treatment results.
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PMID:Autoimmune vestibular dysfunction: preliminary report. 387 13

Spirogermanium, a heavy metal compound in which germanium has been substituted in an azaspirane ring structure, was studied in 39 patients with advanced malignant neoplasms. Thirty-one patients were considered evaluable for toxic effects of spirogermanium. Transient neurological symptoms occurred in 12 patients (39%), including dizziness or lightheadedness, marked fatigue, visual blurring, ataxia, paresthesia, and nausea. These symptoms could be reduced by infusing the drug over 2 hours rather than over 1 hour. Persistent neurotoxicity in the form of partial loss of taste or extreme weakness was observed in three patients. No evidence of hematologic, renal, or hepatic toxicity was observed. Antitumor activity of spirogermanium was not identified in this group of heavily pretreated patients. Spirogermanium had limited and acceptable toxicity in utilizing a dose of 120 mg/m2 infused over 2 hours, three times weekly.
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PMID:A phase II study of spirogermanium in advanced human malignancy. 390 6

A series of 12 patients with cerebellar infarcts diagnosed by computerized tomography are reviewed. The clinical features of cerebellar infarctions cover a wide spectrum, mimicking symptoms and signs from an acute labyrinthitis to a rapidly expanding posterior fossa mass lesion with brain stem and cerebral dysfunction. Two patients were asymptomatic and three showed signs of cerebellar dysfunction only. Three patients had evidence of brain stem dysfunction with cranial nerve palsies accompanying the cerebellar deficit. Two presented a pseudovestibular form with sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, rotary dizziness and ataxia. A pseudotumoral form with intracranial hypertension was found in two cases, in which softening tissue acts as a rapidly expanding posterior foss mass lesion. It is difficult to identify the exact artery involved in a cerebellar infarct because of the collateral circulation and connections between the three major arteries. Atherosclerosis and general decrease in blood flow can be regarded as the most likely factors precipitating focal cerebellar infarction. Surveillance is necessary during the first days with anti-edematous therapy. Rapid deterioration of consciousness should be considered a sign of increasing intracranial pressure progressing with the development of hydrocephalus. If necessary, surgical decompression by external drainage or by direct access to the posterior fossa can be carried out.
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PMID:[Cerebellar infarct. Clinical presentation and x-ray computed tomography of the brain]. 394 88

Of 44 children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome seen at Milwaukee Children's Hospital, 15 (34%) had neurological involvement. This group contained 8 boys and 7 girls, with a mean age of 3 1/4 years. Twelve patients had seizure within 48 hours of admission. Seizures were associated with hypertension, fever, hyponatremia, or hypocalcemia. Other neurological symptoms included altered consciousness, behavioral changes, diplopia, and dizziness. Hemiparesis (4 patients), eye involvement (7 patients), decerebrate posturing (2 patients), and ataxia (1 patient) were present on physical examination. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed increased protein in 4 of 11 patients. Electroencephalograms were abnormal in all 9 patients tested. Computed tomographic and radionuclide scans showed evidence of vascular abnormalities in 4 of the 14 patients studied. Complete neurological recovery occurred in only 6 of the 15 children, while the remaining 6 demonstrated residual hemiparesis, seizures, and cortical visual defect. In those children with neurological involvement, there was a higher incidence of residual hypertension (49% versus 11%), chronic renal damage (40% versus 3.5%), and death (28% versus 0%), suggesting that central nervous system involvement indicates severe hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
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PMID:Neurological involvement in hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 394 42


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