Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A single dose of Tetramisole, 2.5 mg/kg body weight, was given to the infected cases of intestinal parasites. The number of cases were: Ascaris lumbriocides 96, hookworm 16, Trichostrongylus orientalis 10, Trichocephalus trichiurus 114 and Clonorchis sinensis 19. No dietary restriction before and after the administration of Tetramisole was required. 1. In Ascaris infection the egg negative conversion rate and the egg reduction rate were 92.7 per cent and 99.5 per cent, respectively. 2. In Trichostrongylus orientalis infections, 9 out of 10 cases were resulted egg negative after the single dose of Tetramisole, and hookworm, 12 out of 16 administered showed egg negative. However, there were no appreciable effectiveness to the cases of Trichocephalus trichiurus and Clonorchis sinensis. 3. Mild and transient side effects were noted in 75 cases (54.5%) out of 140 cases. The main symptoms were dizziness (25.5%), anorexia (25.5%), abdominal pain (18.6%), diarrhea (16.6%), headache (15.2%), nausea (14.4%) and fever (11.0%). From the above results, it is anticipated that Tetramisole is an effective anthelminthic for elimination of Ascaris, Trichostrongylus and hookworm.
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PMID:[Anthelminthic Effectiveness Of 2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro 6-Phenyl-Imidazole (2,1-B) Thiazole Hydrochloride (=tetramisole) Upon Intestinal Parasites] 1291 13

A 25 years old sergeant of Dicrocoeliidae infection was studied. This patient was not a spurious infection case and diagnosis was based on rocovery of the characteristic eggs consistently in the feces for 2 month. This case had no history of ingestion of ingestion of ants, land snail of grasshopper. In this case with complaints of flatulence, nausea, loss of appetite and dizziness, physical examination reveald no pathological findings except pale cornea. Liver function tests were observed to be normal and there was slight eosinophilia.
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PMID:One case of dicrocoeliidae infection. 1291 17

The purpose of this analysis was to compare treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) related to use of levetiracetam (LEV) reported by young and elderly patients with anxiety and cognitive disorders, and young epilepsy patients. The LEV database includes reports of TEAE from trials of patients with diagnoses of a cognitive disorder (N=719), an anxiety disorder (N=1510), or localization-related epilepsy (N=1023) who participated in clinical trials lasting up to 16 weeks. Patients were grouped as young (<65 years) or elderly (> or = 65 years). The most common TEAE occurring most frequently in the LEV-treated groups were abdominal pain, asthenia, headache, anorexia, weight loss, dizziness, insomnia, somnolence, and tremor. The only significant differences in TEAE were seen between young and elderly groups with anxiety disorders (>3% higher for LEV than for placebo-treated patients) in headache (5.2% elderly, -0.9% young, P=0.041), and tremor (5.2 and -0.5%, respectively, P=0.022) and between young anxiety patients and young epilepsy patients for somnolence (-0.7 and 5.4%, respectively, P=0.036). For the other TEAEs there was no evidence for consistent differences between young and elderly patients and between patients with different CNS disorders. Overall, LEV was well tolerated by all patient groups. The favorable adverse event profile suggests that LEV might be suitable for use by elderly patients.
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PMID:Tolerability of levetiracetam in elderly patients with CNS disorders. 1464 98

Dinitrotoluenes (DNTs) are nitroaromatic compounds appearing as pale yellow crystalline solids at room temperature. Dinitrotoluenes exist as a mixture of 2 to 6 isomers, with 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT being the most significant. About 500 persons are estimated to be potentially exposed yearly to 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT during the production of munitions and explosives. The main route of human exposure at ammunition facilities is inhalation, but dermal contact and inadvertent ingestion can also be substantial. In factory workers, exposure to DNTs has been linked to many adverse health effects, including cyanosis, vertigo, headache, metallic taste, dyspnea, weakness and lassitude, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Other symptoms including pain or parasthesia in extremities, abdominal discomfort, tremors, paralysis, chest pain, and unconsciousness have also been reported. The primary targets of DNT toxicity are the hematopoietic system (pallor, cyanosis, anemia, and leukocytosis), the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart disease), the nervous system (muscular weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea, insomnia, and tingling pains in the extremities) and the reproductive system (reduction of sperm counts, alteration of sperm morphology, and aspermatogenesis). An association between DNT exposure and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinomas and subcutaneous tumors in rats, as well as renal tumors in mice, has been established. Epidemiologic studies of DNT toxicity have been limited to small groups of workers who had been occupationally exposed at various ammunitions production facilities. Clearly defining the health effects of DNTs with a high degree of confidence has therefore been difficult because of the multigenic nature of occupational exposure. In an attempt to update the toxicologic profile of the DNTs, we hereby provide a critical review of the environmental and toxicologic pathology of DNTs, with a special emphasis on their potential implications for public health.
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PMID:Environmental toxicology and health effects associated with dinitrotoluene exposure. 1467 15

Migraine is a chronic headache disorder manifesting in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. Characteristics of headache are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or severe intensity, aggravation by routine physical activity, and association with nausea, photophobia and phonophobia. The migraine aura is a complex of neurological symptoms, which occurs just before or at the onset of migraine headache. Botulinum toxin A represents a completely new option for patients with chronic pain conditions. Numerous retrospective open-label chart reviews and 4 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that botulinum toxin type A is significantly effective in migraine prophylaxis and reduces the frequency, severity, and disability associated with migraine headaches. Studies have generally reported a good and consistent efficacy. The differential therapeutic use of botulinum toxin appears to be worth attempting in migraine patients with the following characteristic features: (1) Muscular stress as migraine trigger, e. g., in craniocervical dystonia, pericranial painful muscular trigger points or tender points, oromandibular dysfunction, (2) concurrent chronic tension-type headache with the aggravating factors of muscular stress or oromandibular dysfunction, (3) chronic migraine with frequent migraine attacks on more than 15 days per month for longer than 3 months and if other therapeutic options have been either ineffective or have not been tolerated. The use of the agent does not cause CNS side effects. Migraine patients in particular, often suffer greatly, as a result of the adverse effects of the drugs used, from fatigue, dizziness, reduced concentration, loss of appetite, weight gain, hair loss and changes in libido. These side effects are not known in association with botulinum toxin A. To date, neither organic damage nor allergic complications have been reported. Thus, both the tolerability and the safety of this therapeutic measure are high. The mode of action by which botulinum toxin is effective in migraine prophylaxis is not fully understood and is under investigation. Currently, a number of other randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the efficacy, optimal dosing, and side-effect profile of botulinum toxin type A in the prophylaxis of migraine and other headache entities.
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PMID:Botulinum toxin in migraine prophylaxis. 1499 36

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with the fatal evolution. Recent studies in knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALS showed that the excitotoxicity has an important role in the neurodegeneration. The riluzole, an antagonist of glutamate, is the first drug approved by FDA for the treatment of patients with ALS. The efficacy of riluzole (dose recommended 50 mg twice a day) in prolonging the survival of patients with ALS has been demostrated in two principal controlled clinical trials. The most frequent adverse events related to riluzole treatment were: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, asthenia, somnolence, vertigo, circumoral paresthesia, abdominal pain and dizziness. Some events tend to be related to the dose: vertigo, diarrhea, nausea, circumoral paresthesia and anorexia appear more frequently with 200 mg/die that with lower dose. Generally with tree months from the beginning of the treatment with riluzole, an increase serum transaminase levels has been noted; mostly transient and regressing after two-sex months of treatment. A monitoring of serum transaminase levels is suggested during the first year of treatment with riluzole The clinical studies shows that the adverse events produced by riluzole are mostly reversible and dose-dependent, this demostrates a satifying profile of tolerability of the drug. Anyway, a deeper knowledge of its tolerability may lead us to a better use of riluzole, avoiding in this way the interruption of treatment.
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PMID:[Tolerability of riluzole: a review of the literature]. 1514 78

Loss of appetite and cachexia are frequent symptoms in palliative care patients. However, therapeutic regimens often prove ineffective, and the quality of life of many patients is significantly impaired by these symptoms. Causes and pathophysiology of anorexia and cachexia are complex and must be identified and treated. Symptomatic pharmacological therapy aims at metabolic, neuroendocrinological and catabolic changes. Prokinetic drugs, corticosteroids and gestagenes are used for symptomatic therapy. Recently, the use of cannabinoids for treatment of loss of appetite and cachexia has become the focus of interest. In cancer patients, cannabinoids proved more effective than placebo but less than gestagenes. Compared to placebo, higher efficacy of cannabinoids could be demonstrated in patients with AIDS as well as in patients with Morbus Alzheimer. However, side effects, such as dizziness, tiredness and daze led to discontinuation of the cannabinoid therapy in some patients.
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PMID:[Cannabinoids in the treatment of the cachexia-anorexia syndrome in palliative care patients]. 1522 23

Little is known about the symptom experience throughout the trajectory of recovery for patients after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS). This study investigates the preoperative and postoperative symptoms experienced by younger (< 65 years) and older (> or = 65 years) patients (N= 102) who had undergone CABS. Reported preoperative symptoms were angina, shortness of breath, dizziness, and sweating. At 1 week post-CABS, symptoms were incisional pain, wound drainage, chest congestion, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating, swollen feet, and loss of appetite; incisional pain and swollen feet were reported by a few patients at 6 weeks after CABS. The incidence and frequency of postoperative symptoms declined over time. There were several age-related differences in symptom reports prior to and at 1 and 6 weeks after the procedure. Such information can be used to plan the care of patients undergoing CABS, to prepare them for normal recovery, and to determine the need for symptom management by health care providers.
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PMID:Comparison of symptoms of younger and older patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. 1524 34

Zonisamide is an antiepilepsy drug (AED) with both sodium and calcium channel-blocking properties. This dual mechanism may predict efficacy in some refractory patients, and a broad spectrum of action against different seizure types. Zonisamide has been commercially available in Japan since 1989, and became available in the United States for treatment of adults over the age of 12 with partial-onset seizures in March 2000. Several multicenter clinical trials have been conducted in the United States over the past 15 years. These have included three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials as well as long-term open-label studies. Zonisamide was characterized in these studies as a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for partial-onset seizures. Zonisamide has not yet been studied in the United States as an initial monotherapy, but in one long-term study, some patients were able to discontinue other AEDs and successfully transition to monotherapy. The most frequently reported adverse events were somnolence, dizziness, and anorexia. Current United States labeling states that 12 patients with epilepsy receiving zonisamide had symptomatic kidney stones; however, after more than a dozen years of zonisamide use in Japan, the incidence of kidney stones associated with zonisamide remains low.
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PMID:Review of United States and European clinical trials of zonisamide in the treatment of refractory partial-onset seizures. 1551 95

European clinical trials of zonisamide as adjunctive therapy for refractory partial seizures included a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study and a 15-month open-label extension study. In the double-blind study, patients (n = 144) were randomized to placebo or zonisamide (400 mg QD) after baseline evaluation. Patients completing the double-bind study (n = 115) continued on open-label zonisamide for up to 18 months. Median percent reduction in partial seizures from baseline was significantly greater in zonisamide-treated patients compared to those receiving placebo (31.6% versus 3.3%, respectively; P = 0.008). Additionally, more zonisamide-treated patients achieved > or = 50% reduction in seizure frequency relative to baseline than did placebo patients (30.4% versus 14.7%, respectively; P = 0.03). The extension study showed that zonisamide efficacy was maintained or improved over time. Patient and physician assessments favored zonisamide over placebo in terms of patient improvement with treatment. Median zonisamide maintenance dosage was 400mg/day, and the average therapeutic blood level was 16.9 microg/mL. Both studies showed that zonisamide was well tolerated; adverse events were generally mild to moderate and most frequently included fatigue, dizziness, somnolence, and anorexia. Collectively, these findings corroborate those of US and Asian clinical trials, which also show that zonisamide is safe and effective for adjunctive therapy of partial seizures.
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PMID:Zonisamide clinical trials: European experience. 1551 96


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