Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-eight mothers who did not want to breast-feed their babies were submitted to one of the following regimes: an intramuscular injection of estrogen (25 mg) within 1 h after delivery (n = 24) or the administration of bromocriptine for 15 or 23 days (n = 21 and 23, respectively). A careful clinical evaluation was performed every day by the same examiner during the first 7 days postpartum; blood samples were collected on days 0, 3 and 5 for human prolactin (hPRL) and estradiol, also in some cases on day 17; assays were measured by radioimmunoassay. An evaluation of the coagulation parameters was performed on day 5 in 9 estrogen-treated patients and in 25 bromocriptine-treated patients. Only 5 (11%) out of the 44 patients treated with bromocriptine experienced at least one undesirable effect of breast engorgement, in contrast to 16 (67%) out of the 24 estrogen-treated patients; this difference was statistically highly significant (P less than 0.001). Dizziness was a significant side-effect of bromocriptine treatment, occurring in 20% of the cases. In the patients in whom the administration of bromocriptine was withdrawn after 15 days, a significant mean rebound elevation of hPRL levels above the normal range occurred on the 17th day. The latter observation gives some support to earlier proposals to continue bromocriptine for up to a total 3 wk in order to avoid rebound lactation. There was no significant alteration of fibrinogen, Howell time, activated partial thromblastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time and coagulation time; mean plasminogen levels were comparable in both treated groups, while mean antithrombin III levels were increased in the bromocriptine-treated group. The significance of the latter finding requires further evaluation.
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PMID:Bromocriptine compared to long-acting estrogens in lactation prevention: clinical efficacy, prolactin secretion and coagulation parameters. 719 48

Recent cohort and case control studies of low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing the new generation of progestogens have allowed classification of adverse effects into those which are rare but serious and should be considered risks and those which are more frequent but are less of a threat to health. Low-dose COCs continue to affect coagulation in a complex way, but the risk is less than with the older preparations, and it can be minimized by screening women for a personal or familial history of early or unusual thrombosis and for levels of protein C, S, and antithrombin III. Women with true migraine with focal signs should also avoid using COCs. The relative risk of myocardial infarction (MI) may increase from 4:1 in women with one risk factor (age, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes) to 20:1 with two risk factors and 128:1 with three or more risk factors. In the absence of all risk factors, a recent study indicated that the relative risk of MI with COC use was 1.9 for current and past use. COC use also causes a slight increase in hypertension in most women, especially those who are older or have a family history of hypertension. While the COC can affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the new generation of progestogens has reduced these effects. The COC may accelerate presentation of gallbladder disease in predisposed women. The COC protects against benign breast disease but may increase the risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer slightly. There is a strong link between hepatocellular adenoma and COC use, but the incidence is low. Return to fertility after use has not been a problem. Both estrogenic adverse effects (nausea, dizziness, irritability, weight gain, bloating) and progestogenic adverse effects (vaginal dryness, acne, hirsutism, weight gain, depression, loss of libido) can occur in 50% of women, but these generally disappear after a few months of use. In conclusion, the low-dose, third generation COCs are associated with minimal risks in the absence of other risk factors and have many beneficial effects such as the prevention of ovarian and endometrial cancer; a decrease in pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancies; and protection from anemia, primary dysmenorrhea, functional ovarian cysts, and benign breast disease as well as from the morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy.
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PMID:The combined oral contraceptive. Risks and adverse effects in perspective. 776 40

We report the successful treatment of envenoming by the Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica) and include results of in vitro investigations of the haemostatic properties of the whole venom. The patient was admitted to casualty soon after the bite with chest tightness, dizziness, nausea and swelling at the site of the bite and was treated immediately with polyspecific antivenom, hydrocortisone, chlorpheniramine and antibiotics. Results of haemostatic investigations were essentially normal on admission but on day 3 the thrombin time became prolonged and was associated with significant hypofibrinogenaemia and elevated D-dimers. Factors V and VIII, antithrombin III and protein C levels and platelet number were not significantly reduced. The haemostatic disturbances persisted for more than 24 h despite treatment with blood products (16 units of cryoprecipitate, 2 units of fresh frozen plasma and 6 units of platelet concentrate). Resolution of the abnormalities occurred only after administration of a further dose of antivenom. The period of hypofibrinogenaemia occurred at a time when venom antigen was undetectable in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Studies in vitro with whole venom and a panel of amidolytic substrates commonly employed for measurement of haemostatic proteins revealed significant activity of venom with substrates sensitive to kallikrein and plasmin. The venom inhibited washed platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin, arachidonic acid and the calcium ionophore A23187 in a dose-dependent manner.
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PMID:Accidental envenoming by a Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica): the haemostatic disturbances observed and investigation of in vitro haemostatic properties of whole venom. 846