Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of BW942C, a novel enkephalinlike pentapeptide antidiarrheal agent, was compared with the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and the combination of the two agents in a placebo-controlled trial of the 72-h treatment of acute diarrhea. Subjects with diarrhea but without bloody stools or fever greater than 102 degrees F (38.9 degrees C) were enrolled. Administered to 134 U.S. adults with diarrhea that developed shortly after their arrival in Guadalajara, Mexico, BW942C was more efficacious than TMP-SMX in relieving diarrhea and cramps in the first 12 h of therapy, especially among subjects with diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli. In the BW942C treatment group, 25% of subjects eventually took additional therapy because their diarrhea did not respond to BW942C alone. Neurological side effects such as dizziness and light-headedness occurred more frequently among BW942C-treated subjects. Therapy for 3 days with TMP-SMX provided lasting relief comparable with previously reported 5-day therapy. Use of the combination of both agents provided the benefits of prompt relief afforded by BW942C and lasting relief afforded by TMP-SMX. BW942C might prove to be an agent suitable for the treatment of acute diarrhea, with TMP-SMX reserved for treatment of those who do not respond adequately. The empiric use of the combination of BW942C and TMP-SMX appears appropriate for the treatment of severe nondysenteric disease.
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PMID:Role of a novel antidiarrheal agent, BW942C, alone or in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of traveler's diarrhea. 352 36

Furazolidone, a synthietic nitrofuran, is active against a broad spectrum of bacteria and Giardia lamblia. Since 1954, furazolidone has been used almost exclusively for the specific and symptomatic treatment of infectious diarrheal diseases. Diarrheal disease is the leading cause of death of children and a major contributing factor of malnutrition in the developing world. It can be avoided with proper water and waste treatment, personal hygiene, and food preparation. The most critical aspect of treating acute diarrhea is maintaining optimal hydration and electrolyte balance. Fluid and electrolyte replenishment must constitute the 1st line of therapy. Antimicrobial therapy, however, improves the outlook further. Effective antimicrobials reduce the average duration of illness and the likelihood of relapses, complications and death. The ideal antimicrobial for treating acute diarrhea is a single broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent of low toxicity that would be effective for empirical treatment of acute diarrheal disease. During 30 years of clinical use worldwide, the effectiveness of furazolidone has shown to be comparable or superior to that of other drugs used to treat these diseases. Because furazolidone has fairly low toxicity, it is a relatively safe drug. The most common reaction appears to be gastrointestinal distress, though dizziness, drowsiness, headaches, and general malaise have also been reported. A drug that acts specifically on its target is generally preferable to one with less specific activity. Furazolidone inhibits a variety of bacterial enzymes, an activity that minimizes the development of resistant organisms. Furazolidone is a single, broad-spectrum antimicrobial that is effective, relatively safe, specific, and is orally administered in tablet or suspension form.
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PMID:Furazolidone for treatment of diarrhoeal disease. 357 95