Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a phase II study, 38 previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated with continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 750 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, followed by weekly bolus 5-FU at 750 mg/m2 and subcutaneous interferon (IFN) at 9 million units three times per week. Of 35 evaluable patients, nine (26%) achieved a partial response (95% confidence limit, 11% to 41%), with a median response duration of 7.5 months (range, 4.4 to 17+ months). Seven patients (20%) had a minor response, and 10 (28%) had stable disease. The median length of survival was 13 months (range, 2 to 19+ months). The most common toxicities observed were stomatitis (52%) and diarrhea (43%). Neurotoxicity was seen in 34% of patients and consisted of gait disturbance, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, and dementia. Because of toxicity, 84% of patients required a reduction of the IFN dose by at least 50%, and 63% required reduction of 5-FU by at least 25%. We conclude that while the combination of 5-FU and IFN in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma has some activity, the regimen is toxic and the observed response rate (26%) is not substantially superior to alternative 5-FU programs.
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PMID:Alfa-2A interferon and 5-fluorouracil for advanced colorectal carcinoma: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience. 155 42

A 56-year-old woman initially noticed dizziness in October, 1988, and later dementia and gait disturbance developed, associated with myoclonus and periodic synchronous discharge in the electroencephalogram. On the basis of these clinical findings we made a diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Using RIA for ubiquitin (signal peptide of the ATP dependent proteolytic system), we measured the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ubiquitin levels. The CSF level of ubiquitin was markedly elevated in this case five months after the initial symptoms (230.0 ng/ml) compared with normal values (14.3 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) and values in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (21.3 +/- 6.1 ng/ml) and vascular dementia (16.6 +/- 6.4 ng/ml). With progression of brain atrophy in this case, CSF levels of ubiquitin rapidly decreased to near the normal values. These findings suggest that CSF ubiquitin concentration reflects the activity of the disease process in CJD, and it may be useful in the diagnosis of CJD.
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PMID:[A case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with markedly elevated ubiquitin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid]. 165 80

A 38 year-old laborer experienced solvent intoxication during each of two spray paintings of a dump truck and other heavy equipment in an enclosed, unventilated garage. The paint base consisted primarily of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone. Nausea, headaches, dizziness, respiratory difficulty and other symptoms began after exposures. Over the next several days he developed impaired concentration, memory loss and cerebellar signs including an intention tremor, gait ataxia and dysarthria. MRI of the brain and EGG early in the work-up were normal, although later MRIs demonstrated fluid collection over the left parietal area. Examination by a toxicologist and neurologist revealed likely toxic encephalopathy with dementia and cerebellar ataxia. Three formal neuropsychological assessments over 2 1/2 years quantified cognitive, motor and behavioral changes. Despite similar findings in chronic exposure to these solvents, lasting sequelae following acute exposure have not been widely reported.
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PMID:Chronic neuropsychological and neurological impairment following acute exposure to a solvent mixture of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). 174 49

The effect of bifemelane hydrochloride on dementia in the elderly was studied in thirty-one patients having cerebrovascular disorders. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism and related diseases. The drug (150 mg) was administered orally three times daily for 10 weeks. The final global improvement rating was 77.4% for all patients. The rates of improvement for Alzheimer's disease were higher than those for cerebrovascular disorders, suggesting that this drug affects Alzheimer's disease through a cholinergic potentiating action. Psychotic, neurological and subjective symptoms, and the activity of daily life, were rated before, during and after treatment. All mean rates of improvement were based on observations made in the 4th week after the start of treatment. Improvement rates for global symptoms were more than 80% for emotional incontinence and prejudice or querulous attitudes toward the nurses, and in headache, tinnitus and dizziness among the subjective symptoms. The improvement in intellectual function was evaluated by the dementia rating scale for the elderly (DRSE), and a significant increase was found in DRSE after treatment with this drug. Side effects attributable to the drug were noted in one patient developing urticaria. It is thus suggested that bifemelane hydrochloride is useful in the treatment of different symptoms of dementia.
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PMID:The clinical effect of bifemelane hydrochloride on dementia in aged patients. 179 96

The 159 patients with Parkinson's disease with onset after the age of 50 (mean: 62.3 years) were studied with reference to diagnosis and treatment. The results were as follows: 1. Other than the characteristic features, the symptoms at onset were depression (6% of the patients), lumbago (4%), hemiplegia-like (4%) and dizziness (3%), causing misdiagnoses in some of the patients. Among 159 patients studied, the severity most frequent was Yahr stage 3 (63%) at first examination, indicating the necessity of earlier diagnosis. 2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the substantia nigra and striatum was investigated using a 1.5 Tesla field and T2-weighted images, which gave no specific results concerning diagnosis and severity. However, it was useful in differential diagnosis between this disease and parkinsonism caused by multiple system atrophy and cerebrovascular diseases. 3. With 123I-IMP SPECT, decrease in blood flow in the frontal and temporal lobes correlated with the severity (Yahr stage) of the disease. Regarding cognitive functions the scores of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale and Mini-Mental State showed a highly significant correlation with the amount of blood flow in frontal and parietal lobes, suggesting that dementia might be caused by dysfunction of these lobes. 4. In 98 patients treated with levodopa mixed with dopa-economizers for more than a year, the maximum improvement was small in severely disabled patients of Yahr stage 5 and 4 because none improved to stage 3A or below (3A is an arbitrary criterion meaning mild involvement in stage 3 with 3P meaning more severe cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease in the elderly]. 187 Feb 74

Preclinical data showed that the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are augmented by interferon (IFN). In a small study, 13 of 17 patients with advanced colorectal cancer responded to a regimen of 5-FU with IFN. Using the same dose and schedule as in this pilot study, 38 previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated with continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of 5-FU 750 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, followed by weekly bolus 5-FU at 750 mg/m2 and subcutaneous IFN at 9 million units three times per week. Of 35 evaluable patients, nine (26%) had a partial response (95% confidence limit, 11% to 41%), with a median response duration of 7.5 months (range, 4.4 to greater than 11.7 months). Seven patients (20%) had a minor response, and ten (28%) had stable disease. The most common toxicities observed were stomatitis (52%) and diarrhea (43%). Neurotoxicity was seen in 34% of patients and consisted of gait disturbance, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, and dementia. Because of toxicity, 84% of patients required a reduction of the IFN dose by at least 50%, and 63% required reduction of the 5-FU dose by at least 25%. Although the combination of 5-FU and IFN in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma has some activity, the regimen was toxic, and the observed response rate (26%) was not substantially superior to alternative 5-FU programs.
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PMID:Interferon alpha-2a and 5-fluorouracil for advanced colorectal carcinoma. Assessment of activity and toxicity. 224 87

Increasing recognition of the importance of calcium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease has stimulated research into the use of calcium channel blocking agents for treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The favorable efficacy and tolerability profiles of these agents make them attractive therapeutic modalities. Clinical applications of calcium channel blockers parallel their tissue selectivity. In contrast to verapamil and diltiazem, which are roughly equipotent in their actions on the heart and vascular smooth muscle, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are a group of potent peripheral vasodilator agents that exert minimal electrophysiologic effects on cardiac nodal or conduction tissue. As the first dihydropyridine available for use in the United States, nifedipine controls angina and hypertension with minimal depression of cardiac function. Additional members of this group of calcium channel blockers have been studied for a variety of indications for which they may offer advantages over current therapy. Once or twice daily dosage possible with nitrendipine and nisoldipine offers a convenient administration schedule, which encourages patient compliance in long-term therapy of hypertension. The coronary vasodilating properties of nisoldipine have led to the investigation of this agent for use in angina. Selectivity for the cerebrovascular bed makes nimodipine potentially useful in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage, migraine headache, dementia, and stroke. In general, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are usually well tolerated, with headache, facial flushing, palpitations, edema, nausea, anorexia, and dizziness being the more common adverse effects.
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PMID:Differential effects of 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers: therapeutic implications. 332 59

Computed tomographic (CT) findings of cerebral and cerebellar calcification are described in three American adults with raised serum lead levels and known exposure to lead for 30 or more years. Calcification patterns were punctiform, curvilinear, speck-like, and diffuse and were found in the subcortical area, basal ganglia, vermis, and cerebellum. Admission serum lead levels ranged from 54 to 72 micrograms/dl (normal, 0-30 micrograms/dl). Nonspecific neurologic manifestations consisted of dementia, diminished visual acuity, peripheral neuropathy, syncope, dizziness, nystagmus, easy fatigue, and back pain. Two patients developed chronic renal disease and hypertension; in both cases, serum parathormone was elevated. Blood, calcium, and phosphorus were normal in all three. No other structural abnormalities were observed with CT. Although the pathophysiologic mechanism of these findings remains poorly understood, it is suggested that chronic lead exposure should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained intracranial calcifications in adults.
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PMID:Intracranial calcification in adults with chronic lead exposure. 348 74

From our investigations, we are tempted to assume that all types of akinesia, including "freezing", off-phases, Yo-Yoing and akinetic crises, are primarily symptoms of PD, while hyperkinesia, stretch spasms and pharmacotoxic psychosis are "side-effects". Therefore side-effects can be triggered by antiparkinsonian therapy while they will disappear after withdrawal of the drugs inducing them. Antiparkinson drugs alleviate major symptoms like akinesia and rigidity but sometimes and especially as reflection of advanced parkinsonism, might amplify minor symptoms (freezing, off-phases, Yo-Yoing), which then predominantly at high drug doses occur earlier and more intensively. Therefore, minor symptoms can be observed more frequently in the advanced stages of PD. Depressed phases belong to the symptom complex as is bradyphrenia and dizziness. Bradyphrenia is the psychic correlate to akinesia. Dementia, if at all is a symptom, but more likely this disease occurs occasionally in combination with parkinsonism.
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PMID:Symptoms and side effects in the course of Parkinson's disease. 658 6

Axial tomograpum (CAT), of 59 patients with dementia and 102 controls suffering from headaches and dizziness were examined. The CAT was normal in 13 demented patients (22%) and in 37 controls (36,3%), and revealed enlarged spaces of the CSF in 46 anoic patients (78%) and 65 controls (63.7%). Multiple areas of subnormal density were observed in 23 anoic patients (39%) and in 6 controls (5.9%). This indicates that the multi infarct syndrome is frequently associated with dementia, while the correlations between Hydrocephalus and dementia is weak.
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PMID:[Cranial computerized tomography in senile dementia]. 716 98


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