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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the previous literature concerning otologic problems in compressed gas environments has emphasized middle ear barotrauma. With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear disturbances during these exposures have been noted more frequently. Studies of inner ear physiology and pathology during diving indicate that the causes and treatment of these problems differ depending upon the phase and type of diving. Humans exposed to simulated depths of up to 305 meters without barotrauma or decompression sickness develop transient, conductive hearing losses with no audiometric evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Transient vertigo and nystagmus during diving have been noted with caloric stimulation, resulting from the unequal entry of cold water into the external auditory canals, and with asymmetric middle ear pressure equilibration during ascent and descent (alternobaric vertigo). Equilibrium disturbances noted with nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypercarbia, or hypoxia appear primarily related to the effects of these conditions upon the central nervous system and not to specific vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Compression of humans in helium-oxygen at depths greater than 152.4 meters results in transient symptoms of tremor, dizziness, and nausea plus decrements in postural equilibrium and psychomotor performance, the high pressure nervous syndrome. Vestibular function studies during these conditions indicate that these problems are due to central dysfunction and not to vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Persistent inner ear injuries have been noted during several phases of diving: 1) Such injuries during compression (inner ear barotrauma) have been related to round window ruptures occurring with straining, or a Valsalva's maneuver during inadequate middle ear pressure equilibration. Divers who develop cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms during shallow diving in which decompression sickness is unlikely or during compression in deeper diving, should be placed on bed rest with head elevation and avoidance of maneuvers which result in increased cerebrospinal fluid and intralabyrinthine pressure. With no improvement in symptoms after 48 hours, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of a possible labyrinthine window fistula should be considered. Recompression therapy is contraindicated in these cases...
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PMID:Diving injuries to the inner ear. 40 82

The first reported case of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who 14 years after diagnosis developed bilateral symmetrical ear lobe swelling secondary to lymphocytic infiltrates and its management, is presented. The various otologic and specific skin manifestations of leukemia are discussed and the literature reviewed. The temporal bone findings take the form of leukemic infiltrations, inflammation, and hemorrhage. These may present as a red or thickened tympanic membrane, hemotympanum, exudates in the middle ear, acute otitis media, mastoiditis, conductive or sensori-neural hearing loss, dizziness, vertigo or facial paralysis. The specific skin manifestations take the form of nodules, papules, infiltrations, plaques, ulcerations and exfoliative erythroderma. These may present as skin lesions most commonly in the head and neck area, rarely presenting in the auricle and ear canal.
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PMID:Unusual otologic manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 79 97

Inner ear damage due to physical exertion or environmental pressure changes has been described only recently. According to Goodhill there are two possible mechanisms of injury: the explosive and the implosive. The former is triggered by increased C.S.F. pressure transmitted to the perilymph space; the latter by increased pressure in the middle ear transmitted to the perilymph space through the two windows. Sudden hearing loss or dizziness, or both, are the main symptoms. The diagnosis will be established by the history, the audiogram, and the electronystagmogram (ENG). The treatment is still controversial. As the formation of a fistula is a real possibility, an exploratory tympanotomy is suggestive on suspected cases. Due to the variety of symptoms every case has to be assessed individually. A detailed history is of utmost importance.
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PMID:Cochlear and vestibular dysfunction resulting from physical exertion or environmental pressure changes. 105 56

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal is much less common than squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Signs and symptoms of the case presented here consisted of a longstanding discharging ear, a progressive hearing loss, and the presence of a circumferential subcutaneous induration in the distal third of the external auditory canal. No dizziness, tinnitus, or facial weakness was present. Computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass in the external auditory canal and middle ear with no lytic areas of the mastoid or the temporal region. A biopsy specimen was interpreted as an adenoid cystic carcinoma. Treatment consisted of radical excision of the external auditory canal via a modified temporal bone resection. This radical approach resulted in the local eradication of the lesion.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal. 217 99

Fifteen hundred randomly chosen Finnish children aged 0-15 years were studied by a questionnaire about their sauna habits and possible abnormal symptoms during or immediately after the sauna. A total of 1247 families (83%) answered. Almost all children visited the sauna (98.5%), most of them "with pleasure" (83%). Nearly half of the children were in the sauna as often as 2-3 times a week, and over 90% at least once a week. The children's sauna visits began quite early, in 70% during infancy. The time spent in a hot steam bath increased with age. Symptoms were rare and were not serious. Transient symptoms (dizziness, nausea etc.) were the most common. Of the children, 17% had some chronic or recurring disorder, most commonly atopic dermatitis or middle ear infections. In half of the cases of atopic dermatitis it became worse in the sauna. Sauna is a very common practice in Finland, also among children. It does not seem to cause any significant immediate harm to healthy children.
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PMID:Sauna habits and related symptoms in Finnish children. 261 14

Vertigo is a common symptom after head injuries, though often overlooked in the acute stage due to other concomitant manifestations. According to previous investigations the mechanisms of injury to the vestibular system cannot be defined as clearly as for the auditory system. Twenty patients with temporal bone fractures were reviewed and later re-examined. The results of conventional X-ray, computerized tomography, clinical, otoneurological and audiological findings were analysed. The sequelae of dizziness and auditory defects were considered and follow-ups with computerized electro-oculography were performed. Radiological evaluation revealed fractures in approximately 65%. Half complained of dizziness and positional nystagmus was the most common vestibular observation. In 25% of the patients, dizziness remained to some degree. Hearing was permanently impaired in 75%. The hearing impairment depended in 20% on fractures of the ossicular chain and in 55% on sensorineural hearing loss. In those cases where a conductive hearing loss persisted, surgery on the middle ear was indicated. The vestibular system is not so vulnerable as the auditory system. Conductive hearing loss disappeared spontaneously or could be relieved by surgery. The vestibular symptoms improved or disappeared in all cases, whereas not infrequently, a sensorineural hearing loss remained.
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PMID:Temporal bone fractures. Vestibular and other related ear sequele. 263 39

This study underscores the importance of considering a perilymph fistula, an abnormal communication between the inner and middle ear, in any child with a progressive sensorineural hearing loss. A concomitant complaint of intermittent dizziness or observed spells of imbalance (56%) is another indication of the disease. Six of 16 patients (37.5%) with proven fistulas were less than 2 years of age at the onset of symptoms. Unless the fistula is identified and repaired by grafting, the ear may become totally deaf. This would be disastrous in the presence of bilateral fistulas, which occur commonly in children (56% of patients had symptoms of bilateral disease). Our experience in recognizing and treating fistulas and thereby saving and restoring hearing is described.
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PMID:Perilymph fistula: an important cause of deafness and dizziness in children. 365 71

CT scan of the temporal bone has become a frequently ordered test for diagnosis of temporal bone pathology. We retrospectively examined our experience with CT scans of the temporal bones in 124 consecutive children from January 1983 to September 1984 in an attempt to assess its usefulness in diagnosis and treatment of ear disease in children. Patients were divided into six categories according to their pre-scan diagnosis, (trauma, congenital aural atresia, dizziness, facial nerve paralysis, middle ear disease, congenital sensorineural hearing loss) and CT findings were compared to data found by physical examination, by otologic studies such as audiogram and BSER, by other x-ray studies and ultimately compared to findings at surgery when applicable. CT was found to be instrumental in diagnosing middle ear disease; gave necessary preoperative information in children with aural atresia; delineated most temporal bone fractures; ruled out gross inflammatory, neoplastic, or traumatic etiologies in dizzy patients and in facial nerve abnormalities; and provided anatomic information about the inner ear in patients with sensorineural hearing loss. In our group of patients with sensorineural hearing loss, a 6.8% incidence of anatomic malformations was found by CT. However, CT had major limitations in stapes and oval window areas, especially in cases of perilymph fistulas. CT use was also limited in children because of the difficulty in achieving projections that require active patient cooperation.
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PMID:Value of CT scan in the diagnosis of temporal bone diseases in children. 394 77

In the evaluation of patients with complaints of dizziness, hearing loss, and/or tinnitus, the primary objective is to determine the site of the lesion. An accurate localization of the lesion is important for selecting the most appropriate radiologic study. The information obtained from the vestibular and audiometeric evaluations identifies the site of the lesion accurately. For the vestibular evaluation we use photoelectric nystagmography (PENG) and the Torok monothermal differential caloric test. The initial audiometeric evaluation consists of a pure-tone audiogram and speech discrimination scores. Additional audiometric site-of-lesion tests and ABR are used selectively as the diagnostic yield of these tests does not significantly add to the information already obtained from the vestibular evaluation. If the lesion is suspected to lie in the middle ear or internal auditory canals, we use pluridirectional tomography. For further delineation of lesions confined to the internal auditory canal we use pneumo-CT. For suspected morphologic lesions of the posterior fossa we use thin-section CT with enhancement. Review has proved useful in defining petrous apex and skull base lesions. CT-rBBC studies have proved valuable in objectively demonstrating a deficient perfusion of the brain. The vascularity of certain lesions such as glomus tumors can be satisfactorily confirmed by this technique.
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PMID:An algorithm for neurotologic disorders. 633 21

Klippel-Feil syndrome is a congenital deformity disease caused by disturbances of the growing together of the mesenchymal preliminary vertebrae which are mostly located in the regions of the cervical spine and shoulder. Short neck and wryneck (torticollis), as well as limited motion of the neck and reduced mobility of the cervical spine, are the most striking findings on clinical examination. Vertigo, disturbed sound conduction and perception, as well as combined loss of hearing, tinnitus and paralysis of the facial nerve can occur although otoscopic findings may be normal. Differential diagnosis is effected by means of the typical x-ray film of the cervical spine and the vertebrobasilar transition. Functional anomalies of the vertebral arteries are determined via x-ray angiography. Neuro-otological syndromes can be explained by congenital deformities of the middle ear, cochlea, peripheral vestibular organs and internal auditory canal; mainly, however, by a "vascular" cervical syndrome, which, in this particular case, explains the cochlea symptoms. Vertigo and dizziness can also be caused by a pathological irritation of cervical proprioceptive sensory organs through deformities of the skeleton.
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PMID:[Cervically-induced symptoms of the Klippel-Feil syndrome]. 648 14


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