Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most cases of ARF are secondary to volume depletion. In the literature, very few scientific publications address the problem of what to do when confronted with such a patient. As regarding the diagnosis of hypovolemia, an accurate history and physical examination can help to determine both the presence and etiology of volume depletion; postural hypotension (decrement in systolic blood pressure of more than 20 mmHg after standing from the supine position), associated with a pulse increment of 30 beats/min or more and dizziness are specific symptoms of hypovolemia. Laboratory indices are useful to diagnose volume depletion, but their interpretation is not simple, and they may not be available in the non-nephrologic environment. Fluid replacement therapy in hypovolemia is largely dependent upon the type of fluid that has been lost and concurrent electrolytic and acid-base disorders. Patients with hypernatremia and volume depletion should receive mild hypotonic solutions, whereas those with hyponatremia and hypovolemia should receive mild hypertonic solutions. The entity of reinfusion depends on daily losses. Conversely, monitoring of body weight can be considered an adequate index of fluid balance. Concerning the treatment of ARF, the use of loop diuretics in the early phases of pre-renal ARF decrease oxygen consumption in the tubular cells by inhibiting transcellular sodium transport, therefore preventing or limiting ischemic cell injury. The use of loop diuretics should also be evaluated in intermediate syndrome and ischemic NTA where diuretics can, respectively, reduce renal ischemia and convert oliguric ARF into the non-oliguric form.
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PMID:[Clinical management of the patient affected with acute renal failure (ARF) secondary to volume depletion]. 1452 97

Arnold-Chiari I malformation (Chiari I) is a congenital disorder characterized by caudal herniation of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. The symptoms and signs include headaches precipitated by coughing or exertion, dizziness, visual or oculomotor symptoms, dysphagia, trunk or extremity dysesthesias, ataxia, and drop attacks indicating cerebellar or cervical cord lesion. The symptoms may be provoked by increased intracranial pressure. The mean age of onset of symptoms is 25 years; consequently, previously unidentified Chiari I malformations occur in military personnel. Chiari I is associated with deaths following minor trauma, with acute respiratory failure, and with transient quadriparesis occurring in contact sports. Furthermore, Chiari I symptoms may be aggravated by chiropractic manipulation. This report describes symptoms and signs of Chiari I in four military conscripts in the Finnish Defense Forces. It is important to detect Chiari I in military personnel to establish appropriate service fitness and safety for these patients.
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PMID:Arnold-Chiari malformation type I in military conscripts: symptoms and effects on service fitness. 1657 91

A case of brainstem encephalitis in a man positive for both anti-Hu and anti-Ri antibodies is reported. This case had an unusual double step evolution and progressive involvement of different CNS subdivisions at MRI. Brainstem encephalitis developed abruptly, mimicking a posterior vascular deficit with vertigo and dizziness. These symptoms transiently remitted completely after a few days to relapse acutely 1 month later with sudden loss of consciousness, followed by confusion, disorientation, dysarthria, dysphagia and reduced thermic sensation on the right side. Within another few days, the patient developed acute respiratory failure and died some weeks later. MRI was negative at the beginning but later showed a progressive ascending involvement of the brainstem and thalamus. At autopsy, this picture corresponded to lymphocytic infiltration, preferentially B cells into the perivascular spaces and T cells in the brainstem parenchyma, confirming that T cells could be the effector of cytotoxicity, probably in the presence of cooperation with B cells that were well represented in this setting.
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PMID:Double step paraneoplastic brainstem encephalitis: a clinicopathological study. 1944 98

A 65-year-old female presented with an extremely rare case of a ruptured thrombosed large aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in which a local hematoma compressed the medulla oblongata and caused acute respiratory failure. She first presented with dizziness, general fatigue, and nausea 2 months before admission. She was hospitalized for intense general fatigue, nausea, and occipitalgia. Computed tomography and T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous lesion around the right cerebello-medullary cistern. Angiography revealed a fusiform aneurysm of the right AICA. Asphyxia occurred 4 days after admission and the patient underwent an emergency operation. No subarachnoid hematoma was present, but a hematoma around the ruptured portion markedly compressed the medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata was adequately decompressed after subtotal removal of the aneurysm. The patient's respiratory status and consciousness level recovered after the operation.
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PMID:Compression of the medulla oblongata and acute respiratory failure caused by rupture of a thrombosed large aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. 2067 83