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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sixty eight year-old woman with a long-standing history of hypertension, dizziness and a history of congenital heart disease presented with speech difficulties and disorientation. She was diagnosed with a brain abscess, confirmed by a stereotactic biopsy. Transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation revealed a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with an unroofed coronary sinus (URCS) along with a small secundum atrial septal defect. Her heart catheterization showed a partially unroofed coronary sinus along with a bidirectional shunt. She was referred for surgical closure of her unroofed coronary sinus and the secundum atrial septal defect. Her brain abscess responded well to antibiotic treatment. While waiting for open-heart surgery, she suffered from an acute myocardial infarction and underwent emergent percutaneous coronary intervention to the right coronary artery. Subsequently, she underwent elective surgical repair of the unroofed coronary sinus, along with closure of the atrial septal defect. When she was seen in follow-up she reported a complete resolution of her dizziness and felt more energetic. Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome (URCS) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly in which there is a communication between the coronary sinus and the left atrium. While non-invasive imaging with echocardiography, MRI or CT is helpful in making the diagnosis, cardiac catheterization remains integral in the evaluation and management planning. Management is guided by the presence of clinical symptoms with consideration of repair when patients become symptomatic. Prognosis after surgery is excellent, recently transcatheter based treatment therapies are becoming more frequent. We present a rare case of URCS with PLSVC presenting as a cerebral abscess in late adulthood. She had bidirectional shunting manifesting as a cerebral abscess. She responded well to the corrective surgery and was doing well on follow up.
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PMID:Unroofed Coronary Sinus Presenting as Cerebral Abscess: A Case Report. 2835 31

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. As the population ages, the burden of AF increases. AF is associated with an increased incidence of mortality, stroke, and coronary events compared to sinus rhythm. AF with a rapid ventricular rate may cause a tachycardia-related cardiomyopathy. Immediate direct-current (DC) cardioversion should be performed in patients with AF and acute myocardial infarction, chest pain due to myocardial ischemia, hypotension, severe heart failure, or syncope. Intravenous beta blockers, diltiazem, or verapamil may be administered to reduce immediately a very rapid ventricular rate in AF. An oral beta blocker, verapamil, or diltiazem should be used in persons with AF if a fast ventricular rate occurs at rest or during exercise despite digoxin. Amiodarone may be used in selected patients with symptomatic life-threatening AF refractory to other drugs. Digoxin should not be used to treat patients with paroxysmal AF. Nondrug therapies should be performed in patients with symptomatic AF in whom a rapid ventricular rate cannot be slowed by drugs. Paroxysmal AF associated with the tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome should be treated with a permanent pacemaker in combination with drugs. A permanent pacemaker should be implanted in patients with AF and symptoms such as dizziness or syncope associated with ventricular pauses greater than 3 seconds which are not drug-induced. Elective DC cardioversion has a higher success rate and a lower incidence of cardiac adverse effects than does medical cardioversion in converting AF to sinus rhythm. Unless transesophageal echocardiography has shown no thrombus in the left atrial appendage before cardioversion, oral warfarin should be given for 3 weeks before elective DC or drug cardioversion of AF and continued for at least 4 weeks after maintenance of sinus rhythm. Many cardiologists prefer, especially in elderly patients , ventricular rate control plus warfarin rather than maintaining sinus rhythm with antiarrhythmic drugs. Patients with chronic or paroxysmal AF at high risk for stroke should be treated with long-term warfarin to achieve an International Normalized Ratio of 2.0 to 3.0. Patients with AF at low risk for stroke or with contraindications to warfarin should be treated with aspirin 325 mg daily.
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PMID:Atrial Fibrillation: The New Epidemic of the Ageing World. 2849 17

This study aims to evaluate the rate, predictors, and causes of 30-day readmissions in a single tertiary hospital in the United Kingdom. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients admitted between 2012 and 2014 with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, who were in the Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project register. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, care received, and in-hospital mortality were collected. Rates of 30-day readmission and causes of readmission were evaluated. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of all-cause, cardiac, and noncardiac readmission. A total of 1,869 patients were included in the analysis and 171 had an unplanned readmission with 30 days (9%). Noncardiac problems represented half of all readmissions with the dominant cause noncardiac chest pain (50%). A variety of other noncardiac causes for readmission were identified and the most common were lower respiratory tract infection (4.3%), gastrointestinal problems (4.9%), bleeding (3.7%), dizziness, syncope, or fall (3.0%), and pulmonary embolus (2.4%). For cardiac causes of readmissions, common causes included acute coronary syndrome (17.1%), stable angina (11.6%), and heart failure (9.8%). Readmitted patients were more likely to be older, anemic, and less likely to receive coronary angiogram and percutaneous coronary intervention. After adjustment, the only predictor of all-cause readmission was older age. For noncardiac readmission, previous myocardial infarction was associated with significantly fewer readmissions. Our results suggest that early readmission after discharge with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is common. Chest pain is the most frequent cause of readmission, and interventions to reduce noncardiac chest pain admissions are needed.
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PMID:Early Readmissions After Acute Myocardial Infarction. 2872 45

Most patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) experience more than one symptom at onset. Although symptoms are an important early indicator, patients and physicians may have difficulty interpreting symptoms and detecting AMI at an early stage. This study aimed to identify symptom clusters among Korean patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), to examine the relationship between symptom clusters and patient-related variables, and to investigate the influence of symptom clusters on treatment time delay (decision time [DT], onset-to-balloon time [OTB]). This was a prospective multicenter study with a descriptive design that used face-to-face interviews. A total of 342 patients with STEMI were included in this study. To identify symptom clusters, two-step cluster analysis was performed using SPSS software. Multinomial logistic regression to explore factors related to each cluster and multiple logistic regression to determine the effect of symptom clusters on treatment time delay were conducted. Three symptom clusters were identified: cluster 1 (classic MI; characterized by chest pain); cluster 2 (stress symptoms; sweating and chest pain); and cluster 3 (multiple symptoms; dizziness, sweating, chest pain, weakness, and dyspnea). Compared with patients in clusters 2 and 3, those in cluster 1 were more likely to have diabetes or prior MI. Patients in clusters 2 and 3, who predominantly showed other symptoms in addition to chest pain, had a significantly shorter DT and OTB than those in cluster 1. In conclusion, to decrease treatment time delay, it seems important that patients and clinicians recognize symptom clusters, rather than relying on chest pain alone. Further research is necessary to translate our findings into clinical practice and to improve patient education and public education campaigns.
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PMID:Symptom clusters and treatment time delay in Korean patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction on admission. 2974 16

Ventricular pseudoaneurysm rupture is a rare finding in emergency departments in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention. It is an infrequent complication after acute myocardial infarction. We present a case of ventricular pseudoaneurysm rupture and examine current literature on the pathophysiology and imaging guidelines on the topic. The patient is a 58-year-old male that presented to the emergency department with dizziness and syncope. Imaging in the emergency department included computed tomography of the chest and an ultrasound that showed pseudoaneurysm with hemopericardium and early cardiac tamponade. He was treated surgically. Ventricular pseudoaneurysm rupture is an uncommon finding in medicine and the emergency department. Point-of-care ultrasound is an important diagnostic modality to identify this critical complication and prompt surgical management.
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PMID:Anterior wall ventricular pseudoaneurysm presenting as dizziness and syncope. 3036 Nov 49


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