Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vestibular symptoms such as vertigo and dizziness are quite common in migraine. There is no specific category in the new International Headache Society Classification for vestibular migraine. However, given the symptomatology often described, it would fit best under basilar-type migraine, even though by definition monosymptomatic attacks with rotational vertigo for a few seconds to minutes do not strictly fit the criteria. Vestibular migraine must be regarded as a migraine equivalent because it is a prominent symptom in many migraineurs.
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PMID:Vestibular migraine. 1522 92

The Blue Mountains Hearing Study (BMHS) has shown that tinnitus affects one in three older Australians with 16% of cases describing severe annoyance. Among persons describing severe symptoms, 52% have sought professional help. We aim to identify factors associated with the severity of tinnitus in 2,015 persons aged over 54 years. Comprehensive questionnaires about hearing were administered. Air- (250-8000 Hz) and bone-conduction (500-4000 Hz) audiometric thresholds of both ears, together with transient evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, were measured. Factors predicting severity of tinnitus were assessed in Cox proportional hazard models. After multivariate adjustment, factors significantly associated with severe tinnitus were hearing loss (relative risk [RR] 2.9), dizziness (RR 2.0), head injury (RR 2.0), sinus and middle ear infections (RR 1.9), and mastoiditis (RR 3.9). Associations with mild tinnitus included age (RR 0.8), hearing loss (RR 1.4) and history of dizziness (RR 1.5), meningitis (RR 2.2), and migraine (RR 1.5). Knowledge of these factors could contribute to improved tinnitus management.
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PMID:Factors predicting severity of tinnitus: a population-based assessment. 1584 44

Dizziness is a term which is used to describe a variety of sensations. It is possible to group these complaints into four types: a rotational sensation (Type I dizziness), impending faint (Type II dizziness), dysequilibrium (Type III dizziness) and vague lightheadness (Type IV dizziness). Type I dizziness or vertigo is due to disease of the vestibular system--peripheral or central, and is characterized by a feeling of movement relative to one's surrounding. The majority of dizzy patients, however, belong to Types II, III and IV, collectively called the non-vestibular system disorders. The distinction is usually possible by a detailed history and clinical examination, but some special bedside tests--the dizziness simulation battery--are often required for properly distinguishing the various types of dizziness. Important causes of vertigo and the non-vestibular system disorders have been discussed with focus on benign positional vertigo, acute peripheral vestibulopathy, Menieres' disease, toxic damage to labyrinths, perilymph fistula, cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebellopontine angle tumors, basilar migraine, vestibular epilepsy, cervical vertigo and phobic postural vertigo.
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PMID:Vertigo and dizziness--a clinical approach. 1526 Mar 96

Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) licensed for the prevention of non-traumatic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women at increased risk of osteoporosis, was launched in the UK in August 1998. The aim of the study was to monitor the safety of raloxifene prescribed in the primary care setting in England using prescription-event monitoring (PEM). Patients were identified by means of prescription data supplied by the Prescription Pricing Authority between September 1998 and November 2000. Demographic and clinical event data were collected from questionnaires posted to primary care physicians (GPs) at least 6 months after the date of the first prescription for each patient. Information on medical events, suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs), reasons for stopping treatment, pregnancies, and causes of death was requested. Event rates [Incidence Densities (IDs): no. first reports /1000 patient-months of treatment] were calculated. Differences between IDs for events reported in month one (ID(1)) and months 2-6 (ID(2-6)) of treatment were examined. The cohort comprised 13,987 patients [median age 62 years (IQR 55,69); 99.8% female]. The major indication was osteoporosis (40.9%, n=5725). Flushing was the event with the highest ID in month 1 (22.8), reported most frequently by GPs as an ADR to raloxifene (67/461 reports) and as the reason for stopping (700/4592 reports). Events associated with starting treatment included flushing, malaise/lassitude, headache/migraine, nausea/vomiting, sweating, cramp, pain abdomen, dizziness, diarrhea, mastalgia and vaginal hemorrhage. Less common events reported during treatment included deep vein thrombosis (n=13), pulmonary embolism (n=13), thrombophlebitis (n=31) and visual disturbance (n=29). In this study, there were 122 (0.9%) confirmed deaths, of which 32 causes of death were unknown. This study shows that raloxifene is generally well tolerated when used in general practice in England. Potential signals of unrecognised ADRs requiring further evaluation included gastrointestinal adverse symptoms and vaginal hemorrhage. There were also a small number of reports of events associated with venous thromboembolism and visual disorders that require further investigation.
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PMID:Safety profile of raloxifene as used in general practice in England: results of a prescription-event monitoring study. 1530 82

Frovatriptan succinate is one of the most recent serotonin receptor agonists to receive FDA, approved labelling for use in the acute management of migraine with or without aura in adults. The mechanism of action of frovatriptan is thought to be similar to that of a serotonin agonist. However, frovatriptan has distinctive pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties, chiefly, a high affinity for serotonin receptors 1B and 1D and a long elimination half-life; frovatriptan was shown to be more selective for cerebral than coronary arteries, a property which makes frovatriptan more favourable in patients at risk of coronary artery disease. Additionally, frovatriptan has a half-life of approximately 25 h, substantially longer than that of any other agent within its class. This property makes frovatriptan suitable for patients who typically suffer migraines of long duration and/or those who suffer migraine recurrence. The efficacy of frovatriptan in the treatment of acute migraine was demonstrated in five double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. At 2h, headache response rates for frovatriptan 2.5 mg ranged from 38 to 40% compared to 22-35% for placebo. Headache recurrence for frovatriptan 2.5 mg at 24h ranged from 9 to 14% compared with 18% in placebo subjects. Frovatriptan has no clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs used for migraine prophylaxis or with commonly prescribed medications. Adverse effects of frovatriptan including dizziness, paresthesia, dry mouth, fatigue and flushing were generally mild and well tolerated. Given the fact that patient response to serotonin agonists is individualised, and selecting an effective agent may involve trial and error, frovatriptan is a welcome alternative in the acute management of migraine.
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PMID:Frovatriptan succinate, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist for migraine. 1531 27

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, the most common cause of vertigo, can be diagnosed and treated with a simple maneuver that can quickly be performed in the primary care physician's office. How to diagnose and manage other causes of dizziness, including Meniere disease, acute vestibular syndrome, migraine-associated vertigo, and motion sickness, is also covered in this article.
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PMID:Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: how to diagnose and quickly treat it. 1547 3

Two randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of sumatriptan tablets, 50mg and 100mg, for treatment during the mild-pain phase of a menstrually associated migraine among patients who typically experienced moderate to severe migraine preceded by an identifiable phase of mild pain. Subjects (n = 403 in Study 1 and n = 349 in Study 2) treated one menstrually associated migraine on an outpatient basis. The results demonstrate that sumatriptan tablets, 50 mg or 100 mg, were significantly more effective than placebo at conferring pain-free response 1 h and 2 h post-dose; migraine-free response (i.e. no pain and no associated symptoms) 2 h post-dose; returning patients to normal functioning 2 h post-dose; and conferring sustained freedom from pain from 2 through 24 h post-dose. Although the studies were not designed or statistically powered to show differences between the sumatriptan doses, a trend for slightly higher efficacy was observed for the 100-mg dose compared with the 50-mg dose on many measures. Both doses of sumatriptan were well-tolerated. The only adverse events reported in more than 2% of subjects in a treatment group were nausea, paresthesia, dizziness and malaise/fatigue, all of which were reported at incidences comparable to or slightly higher than those with placebo. Considered in the context of other findings, these data suggest that--with menstrually associated migraine as with non-menstrual migraine--optimal therapeutic benefit of sumatriptan tablets may be realised when they are administered during the mild-pain phase of an attack rather than delaying treatment until headache is moderate or severe.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan tablets administered during the mild-pain phase of menstrually associated migraine. 1558 68

Vertigo and dizziness in children, when these symptoms are recognized, worry physician and children's families and urge them, before doing a good otological, neurological and vestibular clinical examination, on a prescription of CT scan or an NMR which are unnecessary test in most of the cases and expensive tests. A better knowledge of the clinical signs of vestibular deficit and of the most frequent origins of vertigo and dizziness in children (migraine equivalent, ophthalmological disorders, benign paroxysmal idiopathic pediatric vertigo, temporal bone fracture) permits a better and more adapted procedure for diagnosis and therapy.
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PMID:[Vertigo in children]. 1559 51

Dizziness and vertigo--like headache--are the most common complaints which leads patients to visit the doctor. In spite of the headache--which may be primary (e.g. migraine) or symptomatic--dizziness and vertigo do not appear to be a separate nosologic entity but rather the symptoms of several neurological disorders. For differential diagnosis, interdisciplinary thinking and activity is needed because the vestibular, neurological and psychiatric disorders might have a common role in the development of symptoms and further overlapping can also occur. The vascular disorders of the vertebrobasilar system are discussed in detail in this review. The importance, occurrence and causes of vertigo as a warning symptom is in the focus. The author draws attention to life-threatening conditions with acute onset in cases of the posterior scale ischemia and emphasizes the importance of the correct and early diagnosis. The author tries to clear up the nihilistic aspect in treating of stroke and stresses the necessity of thrombolysis and interventional radiological procedures which may be the only chance for the recovery of the patients. The pharmacological prevention of recurrent vascular events is also important and obligatory for the clinicians.
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PMID:[Alarming symptoms in vertebrobasilar circulatory disorders. Part I]. 1566 64

A 34-year-old man had a history of short-lasting episodes of rotatory vertigo followed by severe headache, provoked by sudden movements of the head and body. MRI of the brain revealed hydrocephalus secondary to a colloid cyst at the level of the foramen of Monro. The patient underwent microsurgery, after which he remained without symptoms. Colloid cysts are rare, benign tumours accounting for 0.5-1.0% of all primary brain tumours. They are attached by a stalklike appendage to the roof of the third ventricle between the fornices. Typical symptoms include intermittent headache, vomiting, occasional dizziness and blurred vision. These symptoms may be secondary to intermittent obstruction of cerebrospinal-fluid outflow through the foramen of Monro. The results of clinical and neurological examination are usually normal. In any patient with short-lasting episodes of severe headache, provoked by changes in position, an MRI of the brain should be done to exclude a colloid cyst. In general, these patients do not fulfil the criteria of the International Headache Society for migraine because of the short-lasting nature of the pain.
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PMID:[Transitory headaches caused by a colloid cyst of the third ventricle]. 1581 39


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