Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial compared the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin (CIP; 500 mg twice daily for 10 days, placebo for 4 days) to those of clarithromycin (CLARI; 500 mg twice daily for 14 days) in 560 adults with clinically documented and radiologically confirmed acute sinusitis. Of 457 efficacy-valid adults (236 CIP, 221 CLARI), clinical resolution plus improvement at the end of therapy was 84% for CIP-treated patients compared to 91% of CLARI recipients (CI95 = -0.131, -0.013). At the 1-month follow-up, more than twice as many CLARI-treated patients, 18 (10%), experienced a relapse, compared to 7 (4%) CIP-treated patients. The combined clinical response analyses (end of therapy and 1 -month follow-up) demonstrated that CIP and CLARI were statistically equivalent (CI95 = -0.106, 0.044). Diarrhea, nausea, headache, and dizziness were the most frequently reported drug-related adverse events in both treatment groups; diarrhea and taste perversion were reported more frequently among CLARI recipients. In summary, the combined end of therapy and follow-up clinical evaluation analyses revealed that CIP and CLARI were equally effective in the management of acute sinusitis, although twice as many relapses were reported among CLARI recipients.
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PMID:Double-blind comparative trial of ciprofloxacin versus clarithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Sinusitis Infection Study Group. 1021 83

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs), the most common indication for outpatient antimicrobial therapy, impose a heavy medical and societal burden and present a difficult therapeutic challenge in the face of increasing pathogen resistance worldwide. Gatifloxacin is a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with excellent activity against prevalent respiratory bacteria, including penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and atypical pathogens. A multicenter, open-label, noncomparative surveillance study carried out in Mexico evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral gatifloxacin 400 mg once daily in 17,923 adult outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (n = 3322), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) (n = 5885), and acute bacterial sinusitis (n = 8716). Voluntary, unpaid physician participation contributed to an unbiased study design. Physician-assessed global rate of cure or improvement was 96.3%; efficacy was 95.8% in CAP, 96.1% in AECB, and 96.4% in sinusitis. The incidences of relapse (1.5%) and therapeutic failure (0.7%) were low. The most commonly reported adverse events, nausea (2.76%), headache (2.20%), and dizziness (1.33%), were generally mild and self-limited. Oral gatifloxacin 400 mg once daily is effective and safe for patients with CAP, AECB, and acute sinusitis.
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PMID:Multicenter evaluation of the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin in Mexican adult outpatients with respiratory tract infections. 1131 29

Respiratory tract infections have an important clinical and economic impact and they are the most common indication for antibiotic use in outpatient practice. This prospective, multicenter non-controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Patients were treated with a daily oral dose of gatifloxacin 400 mg for 7-14 days. The diagnosis of respiratory infection was made based on the clinical condition and/or radiologic findings. A total of 5,044 adult patients with community-acquired respiratory infections was treated with gatifloxacin in different centers in Brazil between March 1, 2001, and October 31, 2001. Among the 5,044 patients treated, 1,501 patients (29.76%) had community-acquired pneumonia, 756 (14.99%) had acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and 2,787 (55.25%) had acute sinusitis. Of the total of patients treated, 3,607 (71.51%) were considered cured, 1,261 (25%) progressed with some clinical improvement, 28 (0.56%) presented a relapse, 56 (1.11%) failed to treatment and 92 (1.82%) were unable to be evaluated. Adverse events were described in 634 (12.57%) patients. The most common adverse events were: nausea (2.24%); dyspepsia (1.86%); diarrhea (0.79%); change in taste (0.46%); insomnia and irritability (0.22%); dizziness (0.77%); headache (0.42%); allergic reaction (0.18%); Central Nervous System alterations insomnia, agitation, anxiety (0.46%). This study showed that the treatment of respiratory tract infections with gatifloxacin was safe and efficient and had a low incidence of adverse events.
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PMID:Treatment of adults with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: results of a multicentric clinical trial with gatifloxacin. 1220 81

In this multicentre, multinational, comparative, double-blind clinical trial, out-patients with both symptoms and radiographic evidence of acute sinusitis were randomly assigned to receive either a seven-day, once daily (o.d.) oral regimen of moxifloxacin (400 mg) or a 10-day o.d. oral regimen of trovafloxacin (200 mg). Among 452 patients considered valid for clinical efficacy, moxifloxacin treatment was found to be statistically equivalent to trovafloxacin (96.9 per cent vs 92.1 per cent -95 per cent CI = 0.6 per cent; 8.9 per cent) at the seven to 10 days post-therapy assessment. At follow-up, the success rate in the moxifloxacin group was 94.9 per cent and that for the trovafloxacin group was 97.6 per cent (95 per cent CI = -4.9 per cent; 1.3 per cent). The predominant causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus followed by Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The bacteriological success rate at the post-therapy evaluation was similar in both treatment groups: 94.4 per cent and 90.1 per cent in the moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin groups respectively (95 per cent CI = -3.0 per cent; 11.9 per cent). Only three of the 103 baseline isolated pathogens still persisted in the moxifloxacin group, whereas there were 10 of the 121 isolates that failed to respond in the trovafloxacin treatment group. At least one drug-related event was reported by 16.9 per cent of the moxifloxacin-treated patients and by 22.3 per cent of those who received trovafloxacin. CNS events such as dizziness and vertigo were reported more than five times more often in patients receiving trovafloxacin than in the moxifloxacin group. Trovafloxacin recipients were also more than twice as likely to discontinue treatment due to adverse events than moxifloxacin-treated patients. Overall, moxifloxacin was at least as effective clinically and bacteriologically as trovafloxacin and better tolerated.
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PMID:Comparison of the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin for the treatment of acute, bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. 1259 Aug 55

(1) Macrolides are an alternative to beta-lactam agents for treating uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis and throat infections. The choice of macrolides is based mainly on the risk of interactions, which is lowest with spiramycin. (2) Telithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. It was first marketed in France in 2002, for the above indications. (3) Telithromycin is no more effective than the antibiotics with which it has been compared, namely amoxicillin and clarithromycin in non life-threatening pneumonia; amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime axetil in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and acute sinusitis; and clarithromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) in pharyngotonsillitis. (4) In clinical trials, telithromycin was not more effective than comparator antibiotics on infections thought to be due to pneumococcal strains resistant to penicillin and/or erythromycin. Cases of erythromycin cross-resistance have been observed. (5) The adverse effects of telithromycin are the same as those of other macrolides, mainly gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, dizziness, and hepatotoxicity. Telithromycin also carries a risk of torsades de pointes, and seems to cause more visual problems than other macrolides. (6) Telithromycin inhibits cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, so there is a high risk of drug interactions. (7) In practice, spiramycin remains the standard option when a macrolide is indicated for the treatment of common ENT and pulmonary infections.
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PMID:Telithromycin: new preparation. A needless addition to the other macrolides. 1260 73

Fluoroquinolones are the commonly used antimicrobials in the treatment of urinary tract infection, bacterial diarrhea, and infections of soft tissue, bone, and joints. They may cause adverse effects ranging from gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, insomnia, and cutaneous reactions. Their rare adverse effects include phototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, arthropathy, and tendinitis. Among the fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin has more propensity to cause the central nervous system adverse effects such as headache, tremor, insomnia, dizziness, convulsions, psychosis, auditory, and visual hallucinations. A case of acute sinusitis in a young male treated with levofloxacin presented with tactile hallucination and acute anxiety reaction is reported for its rarity of occurrence. According to the Naranjo causality scale, the association of tactile hallucination and acute anxiety is a probable adverse drug reaction due to levofloxacin.
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PMID:Levofloxacin-induced tactile hallucination and acute anxiety reaction. 3114 49