Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

40 patients with essential hypertension were subjected to an analysis of efficacy and safety of the three-component-combination Briserin (Reserpine, Clopamide, Dihydroergocristine). After double-blind and randomized allocation, one group received the two constituents Reserpine/Clopamide, another the full combination Briserin and a third first Reserpine/Clopamide and Briserin afterwards. Both types of treatment proved equi-effective in terms of blood pressure reduction with the blood pressure values falling below 150/90 mm Hg within one week. The most important finding resided in the improved orthostatic tolerance due to Briserin. Maximal systolic pressure drop during standing and the tachycardia associated were significantly reduced by Briserin, i.e. by the influence of Dihydroergocristine. In addition, there was a corresponding difference in terms of subjective complaints due to orthostasis. The same held true for general symptoms related to hypertension such as headache, dizziness, undue tiredness and sleeplessness. Patients preferred treatment with Briserin as compared to the other regimen. The discussion deals with the clinical-pharmacological impact of the orthostatic regulation quality within the framework of antihypertensive treatment.
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PMID:[Hypertension therapy with Briserin: what role do dihydroergocristine components play?]. 679 82

Patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were treated with guanabenz plus placebo (26 patients) or guanabenz plus hydrochlorothiazide (26 patients) for one year. Ambulatory plasma renin activity was determined during placebo treatment, after four weeks and one year of treatment with the study drugs, and one month after discontinuation of guanabenz while continuing the same hydrochlorothiazide dosage. Treatment with guanabenz plus hydrochlorothiazide proved more satisfactory than treatment with guanabenz plus placebo in that fewer patients were treatment failures, a smaller dosage of guanabenz was required, better control of supine blood pressure was achieved, and no increase in guanabenz dosage was needed to maintain chronic blood pressure control. Drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness were the side effects noted most commonly. Plasma renin activity was not significantly suppressed by chronic guanabenz therapy. Thus, guanabenz is an effective new antihypertensive that provides optimal blood pressure control when used with a diuretic.
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PMID:Effect of guanabenz and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure and plasma renin activity. 701 28

1 Captopril, an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was compared with hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in the treatment of mild and moderate essential hypertension. 2 Twenty outpatients received no antihypertensive therapy for 2 weeks, after which they were given placebo for 8 weeks. Since their diastolic blood pressure remained above 100 mm Hg, they were then randomized to receive either captopril (twelve patients) or HCT (eight patients) for a 4-week titration period. If the supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was normalized, (less than or equal to 90 mm Hg) by the end of titration period, the established regimen was continued for an 8-week maintenance period; if not, the alternate drug was added in increasing doses for up to 4 weeks and the combined therapy was maintained for the remaining 4 weeks. 3 After the first 4 weeks of therapy, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Normalization of SDBP occurred in 75% of patients treated with captopril alone, and the addition of HCT produced normalization in the remainder. HCT alone resulted in normalization of SDBP in 50% of patients and the blood pressure of the remaining patients was normalized after the addition of captopril. 4 Captopril given orally, either alone or in conjunction with HCT, is an effective agent for the control of mild and moderate essential hypertension. 5 In our series the main side effects encountered were vertigo and dizziness, transient eosinophilia, a rise of BUN and or/a rise of SGPT or SGOT.
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PMID:Control of essential hypertension with captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. 702 22

1 Single oral doses of lofexidine, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg produced dose related decreases in supine and standing arterial pressure and heart rate in nineteen patients with essential hypertension. 2 A mean oral antihypertensive threshold dose of less than 0.1 mg was estimated. 3 Lofexidine decreased mean urinary noradrenaline excretion 28% and caused significant retention of sodium and water. 4 The most prominent side effects were sedation and orthostatic dizziness. 5 Lofexidine is pharmacologically similar to, but apparently less potent than clonidine as an antihypertensive agent.
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PMID:Antihypertensive effects of lofexidine in patients with essential hypertension. 705 42

1. Prizidilol (SKF 92657), a new antihypertensive drug with combined precapillary vasodilator and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor-blocking actions, was given to 24 patients with essential hypertension in a placebo-controlled, dose-titration study, Incremental doses from 200 to 800 mg were given once daily. Supine and standing blood pressure measured 24--27 h after drug intake was reduced during treatment with prizidilol (400--800 mg/day). Slight but significant decreases in heart rate were seen after moderate doses (mean: 447 mg once daily) of prizidilol. A more pronounced blood pressure reduction was noticed 2--7 h after drug administration. 2. Maximal blood pressure reduction coincided with peak plasma concentration of prizidilol, which was measured by a newly developed assay. 3. Plasma renin activity and 24 h urinary excretion of aldosterone and methoxycatecholamines were reduced after the highest doses (mean: 700 mg once daily) of prizidilol. 4. Prizidilol was well tolerated, although dizziness and tiredness were reported by four patients and oedema by two.
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PMID:Prizidilol (SKF 92657) in primary hypertension. 718 85

Diltiazem HCl was administered p.o. at a fixed daily dose level of 180 mg to patients with essential hypertension, and the hypotensive effect of the drug was investigated. The following results were obtained: diltiazem HCl given alone exhibited a hypotensive effect on systolic pressure in 88.9% of the patients and on diastolic pressure in 66.7% of the patients. The concurrent use of diltiazem HCl with trichlormethiazide exerted a hypotensive effect on patients who were nonresponsive to diltiazem HCl alone. As regards side effects, one patient complained of gastric fullness and one of dizziness. However, the symptoms were so mild that further continuation of diltiazem HCl therapy was possible. From the results obtained, it is concluded that diltiazem HCl can effectively be used clinically as a hypotensive drug.
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PMID:Clinical study on the hypotensive effect of diltiazem hydrochloride. 721 50

Lacidipine is an orally administered calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class, which shows selectivity for vascular smooth muscle over cardiac tissue and has a long duration of action. In studies using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, lacidipine 2 to 8mg administered once daily in the morning reduced blood pressure over 24 hours, with the reductions being greater during the day than at night in some studies. 77 to 87% of patients with mild to moderate hypertension had their blood pressure controlled by treatment with lacidipine 2 to 8 mg/day for 1 to 4 months in dose-finding studies. When administered once daily, lacidipine 4 to 6 mg was equivalent in antihypertensive efficacy to hydrochlorothiazide 25 to 50 mg/day, atenolol 50 to 100 mg/day, and the prototype calcium channel blocker nifedipine 20 to 40 mg twice daily (sustained-release formulation). The adverse effects of lacidipine are those common to other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, and include headache, flushing, ankle oedema, dizziness and palpitations. The long term effects of lacidipine on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and possible additional clinical benefits in terms of its antiatherosclerotic effects, are under investigation; the outcome of these studies will be important in defining the future role of this agent in the treatment of hypertension. Thus, available evidence suggests lacidipine provides a further alternative to the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers currently available for the treatment of essential hypertension.
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PMID:Lacidipine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of hypertension. 752 28

Losartan potassium (losartan) is the first of a new class of antihypertensive agents that specifically blocks the type 1 angiotensin II receptor. The efficacy and safety of losartan have been assessed in double-blind, controlled clinical trials conducted in approximately 3700 patients with uncomplicated mild, moderate and severe essential hypertension. Overall, losartan, whether administered alone or in combination with a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), was effective and well-tolerated in these clinical trials, with an incidence of adverse experiences similar to that of placebo. The antihypertensive effects of losartan 50 mg once daily were similar to those of 20 mg once daily of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril. The antihypertensive effects of losartan 50 to 100 mg once daily were similar to those of the calcium channel blocker felodipine 5 to 10 mg and to those of the beta-adrenergic blocker atenolol 50 to 100 mg once daily. Losartan was shown to have a smooth antihypertensive profile throughout the 24 h period following dosing, which mirrors the diurnal variability of blood pressure. The addition of 12.5 mg HCTZ to 50 mg losartan produced an additional significant antihypertensive response. There were no clinically meaningful differences in the antihypertensive effect of losartan when assessed by demographic subgroups of age or sex; there is a smaller antihypertensive response in Black patients. The most common patient-reported, drug-related, clinical adverse experience, with an incidence greater than that of placebo, was dizziness (2.4% versus 1.3%). The overall rate of patient withdrawal from losartan therapy due to clinical adverse experiences was lower than that of placebo (2.3% versus 3.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of losartan. 766 15

The efficacy and safety of two sustained-release formulations of nifedipine, the coat-core system (NIF CC) and the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (NIF GITS), were examined in 228 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension in this 16-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. The coadministration of food affects the nifedipine pharmacokinetics with differing magnitudes for the two formulations. To evaluate drug safety under the most rigorous circumstances, all medication was given with food. After a 4-week placebo lead-in period, eligible patients were randomized to a parallel-group treatment period of either NIF CC or NIF GITS. 30 mg daily with food for 4 weeks, followed by forced titration to nifedipine 60 mg daily for an additional 4 weeks. For the final 4-week period, half of the patients receiving each formulation were switched to the alternate formulation at a dose of 60 mg daily. Within treatment groups, all four blood pressure variables (systolic and diastolic measurements for both trough and 24-hour periods) demonstrated significant reductions (P < 0.05) from baseline (established after the placebo lead-in period) for both formulations at every subsequent visit and end point. When comparing the two formulations, the mean change from baseline in 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, determined by using ambulatory monitoring, was not statistically different for both doses (P > 0.05). The mean change in trough blood pressure from baseline during the parallel-group treatment period was statistically significant in favor of NIF GITS for both the 30-mg and 60-mg doses (P < 0.05). The treatment-emergent adverse-event rates for both formulations were similar during the parallel-group period, with the exception of dizziness, which was higher for patients receiving NIF CC. Both formulations were well tolerated and reduced blood pressure over the 24-hour dosing interval even when coadministered with food. When half of the patients receiving NIF GITS 60 mg daily were randomly crossed over to NIF CC 60 mg daily, there were no significant changes in either the trough or 24-hour mean blood pressure measurements (P > 0.05), adverse events, or dropout rates. When patients receiving NIF CC 60 mg were crossed over to NIF GITS 60 mg daily, they exhibited no significant change in diastolic blood pressure (P > 0.05). This study demonstrated that when given with food, both NIF CC and NIF GITS reduce 24-hour mean blood pressure measurements similarly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The efficacy and safety of once-daily nifedipine: the coat-core formulation compared with the gastrointestinal therapeutic system formulation in patients with mild-to-moderate diastolic hypertension. Nifedipine Study Group. 775 54

A postmarketing surveillance study in 2273 Canadian office practices provided the largest body of clinical experience to date with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. The principal emphasis in this uncontrolled study was safety, assessed in 10,289 patients. Patients with a diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg were considered for the study. Both previously untreated patients and those who were experiencing adverse effects from their current antihypertensive regimen were included. Lisinopril was begun at a dose of 10 mg/day. Subsequent dose adjustments, to a maximum of 40 mg/day, were made to achieve optimal blood pressure control (diastolic blood pressure < or = 90 mmHg or > or = 10 mmHg below baseline for > or = 4 weeks at the same dose). Therapy was continued for a minimum of 4 weeks to a maximum of 12 weeks, with patients examined every 2 weeks. The frequencies of adverse effects and laboratory abnormalities were analyzed in all treated patients. All 10,289 patients enrolled were considered in the analysis of safety. One or more adverse effects were reported for 1593 (15.5%) patients, and 802 (7.8%) withdrew from the study because of adverse effects. The most frequent adverse effects were cough (4.0%), dizziness (2.3%), headache (2.1%), asthenia (1.7%), and nausea (1.0%). The physicians' global assessment rated overall tolerability as very good or good for 77.1% of the patients. Antihypertensive effect was evaluated in 5886 patients who met the criteria for efficacy analysis. The criterion response was attained in 5141 (87.3%) patients, with 68.6% responding to 10 mg/day of lisinopril, 26.3% to 20 mg/day, and 3.2% to 40 mg/day (the other 1.9% responded at nonstandard doses). Lisinopril was safe and well-tolerated. Except for cough, class effects of ACE inhibitors were rarely encountered. The results of the efficacy analysis confirm the established efficacy of lisinopril in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:Lisinopril in the treatment of hypertension: a Canadian postmarketing surveillance study. 839 Sep 18


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