Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuromuscular adverse events (AEs) in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are characterized by diverse clinical subsets. The general features of neuromuscular AEs have remained elusive due to its low frequency, ranging from 1-2% of cancer patients undergoing ICIs therapy. The diseases affect the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. Disease onset and progression may be rapid with a critical clinical course. The clinical presentation may differ from that of patients whose symptoms are unrelated to drugs. Headache, dizziness, and dysgeusia are relatively common and mild treatment-related AEs. In contrast, immune-related AEs, such as autoimmune encephalitis, demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia, and myositis are more serious conditions. There is a strong correlation between ICIs and myasthenia, myositis, and myocarditis. Immune-modulating medication is generally effective for neuromuscular AEs. However, there are guidelines for treatment, and checkpoint inhibitor therapy should be withheld until the pathophysiology of the AEs is defined. Both CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells and autoantibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of neuromuscular AEs. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of neuromuscular AEs is necessary to alleviate the symptoms associated with ICIs therapy in cancer patients.
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PMID:[Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neuromuscular Adverse Events]. 2963 93

Neuromuscular adverse events(AEs)associated with cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)include diverse clinical subsets. The general features of neuromuscular AEs have not been elucidated because the frequency is generally low, ranging from 1-2%of cancer patients undergoing ICIs therapy. The diseases affect the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. Disease onset and progression may be rapid with a critical clinical course. The clinical presentation may be different from that of patients unrelated to drugs. Headache, dizziness, and dysgeusia were relatively common and mild treatment-related AEs. In contrast, representative immune-related AEs such as autoimmune encephalitis, demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia, and myositis were serious. There was a tight association between myasthenia, myositis, and myocarditis. There are guidelines for the treatment of neuromuscular immune-mediated AEs. For all but the minimum neurological symptoms, checkpoint inhibitor therapy should be withheld until the nature of the AEs is defined. Immune-modulating medication is generally effective for neuromuscular AEs. Both CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells and autoantibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of neuromuscular AEs. Correct understanding of neuromuscular AEs is required for the best management of cancer patients.
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PMID:[Neuromuscular Adverse Events]. 3004 67

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread worldwide, with a vast majority of confirmed cases presenting with respiratory symptoms. Potential neurological manifestations and their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been thoroughly established. In this narrative review, we sought to present the neurological manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case reports, case series, editorials, reviews, case-control and cohort studies were evaluated, and relevant information was abstracted. Various reports of neurological manifestations of previous coronavirus epidemics provide a roadmap regarding potential neurological complications of COVID-19, due to many shared characteristics between these viruses and SARS-CoV-2. Studies from the current pandemic are accumulating and report COVID-19 patients presenting with dizziness, headache, myalgias, hypogeusia and hyposmia, but also with more serious manifestations including polyneuropathy, myositis, cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis and encephalopathy. However, discrimination between causal relationship and incidental comorbidity is often difficult. Severe COVID-19 shares common risk factors with cerebrovascular diseases, and it is currently unclear whether the infection per se represents an independent stroke risk factor. Regardless of any direct or indirect neurological manifestations, the COVID-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the management of neurological patients, whether infected or not. In particular, the majority of stroke services worldwide have been negatively influenced in terms of care delivery and fear to access healthcare services. The effect on healthcare quality in the field of other neurological diseases is additionally evaluated.
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PMID:Neurological manifestations and implications of COVID-19 pandemic. 3256 14

Patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) experience significant early and long-term side effects. The likelihood and severity of complications depends on a number of factors, including the total dose of radiation delivered, over what time it was delivered and what parts of the head and neck received radiation. Late side effects include: permanent loss of saliva; osteoradionecrosis; radiation recall myositis, pharyngoesophageal stenosis; dental caries; oral cavity necrosis; fibrosis; impaired wound healing; skin changes and skin cancer; lymphedema; hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, lightheadedness, dizziness and headaches; secondary cancer; and eye, ear, neurological and neck structures damage. Patients who undergo radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma tend to suffer from chronic sinusitis. These side effects present difficult challenges to the patients and their caregivers and require life-long strategies to alleviate their deleterious effect on basic life functions and on the quality of life. This review presents these side effects and their management.
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PMID:Late side effects of radiation treatment for head and neck cancer. 3301 51

A novel coronavirus infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is frequently associated with neuromuscular symptoms. It is characterized by taste and smell disturbances, and nonspecific symptoms such as headache and dizziness. Neuromuscular complications such as cerebrovascular disease, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, peripheral neuropathy, and myositis/myopathy have been reported to date. In daily clinical practice, it is important to consider COVID-19 as a differential diagnosis, because these symptoms may be the first warning signs.
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PMID:[Neuromuscular Manifestations and Pathogenesis of COVID-19]. 3305 86