Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Crouzon syndrome is one of the most common craniofacial syndromes and is inherited as autosomal dominant with variable expression. We report an 11 and a half-year-old boy with Crouzon syndrome with severe growth retardation. He had hydrocephalus since infancy and recently suffered from frequent dizziness. His bone age was only 5 years according to the Greulich and Pyle atlas. Magnetic resonance imaging showed shallow orbits, obstructive hydrocephalus, and cerebellar tonsil herniation. Growth hormone provocative tests revealed a reduced peak growth hormone response in both insulin and clonidine tests. Severe iron deficiency anemia was noted at the same time. Molecular analysis identified a common mutation point of Cys278Phe for Crouzon syndrome in exon IIIa of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. Since growth retardation is not a common feature of Crouzon syndrome, we reviewed the literature for the incidence of hydrocephalus in Crouzon syndrome and the association with growth hormone deficiency.
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PMID:Growth hormone deficiency in a case of crouzon syndrome with hydrocephalus. 2058 60

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system in humans, caused by infection of the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. However, cerebellar involvement is rarely reported. We report of a case of racemose cysticercosis in the cerebellar hemisphere. A 44-year-old man presented with headache and dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hydrocephalus and an ill-defined, multicystic cerebellar mass with hypersignal on T2-weighted images, hyposignal on T1-weighted images and rim enhancement after gadolinium injection. The patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy and the cyst resection was done through a craniotomy. In surgical field, cysts were conglomerated in a dense collagen capsule that were severely adherent to surrounding cerebellar tissue, and transparent cysts contained white, milky fluid. Histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of cysticercosis. He received antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel after surgery. Racemose cysticercosis is rare in the cerebellar hemisphere but neurocysticercosis should be taken into consideration as a differential diagnosis of multiple cystic lesions in the cerebellum.
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PMID:Racemose cysticercosis in the cerebellar hemisphere. 2071 13

A 76-year-old Japanese woman with essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus abruptly presented with nausea, dizziness, an occipital headache, truncal ataxia, gaze-evoked nystagmus and alternating skew deviation (ASD) with abducting eye hypertropia. Cranial computed tomography demonstrated hemorrhage in the cerebellar vermis and its vicinity. These symptoms gradually resolved within three weeks. This is the first reported case of ASD secondary to cerebellar hemorrhage without hydrocephalus. The vertical misalignment of the eyes during the right-sided gaze was consistently larger than during the left-sided gaze. We speculated that bilateral and asymmetrical damage to the utricular pathway due to the bilateral involvement of the nodulus and uvula might have caused the ASD.
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PMID:Alternating skew deviation due to hemorrhage in the cerebellar vermis. 2303 77

We here presented a rare disease entity with a clinical presentation mimicking aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. A 43-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of neck pain and dizziness. Computed tomography of brain showed communicating hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hyperintensity suspicious of previous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Investigations revealed no underlying vascular lesion and leptomeningeal biopsy showed diffuse melanocytosis. We go on to discuss the diagnostic features and clinical course of this entity.
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PMID:An uncommon mimic of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. 2337 61

We present a case of a 39-year-old woman from Thailand. She presented with dizziness and signs of raised intracranial pressure. Magnetic resonance scanning revealed multiple cysticercs in cerebrum and cerebellum, and one of the cysticercs compressed the cerebral aqueduct resulting in hydrocephalus. The patient was transferred to an infectious disease department, where appropriate treatment with albendazol was initiated. Surprisingly she was found HIV-positive with a CD4 count of approx. 10 m/l. The patient deteriorated over the following week and died due to raised intracranial pressure.
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PMID:[Cerebral cysticerc is a rare cause of hydrocephalus]. 2373 95

A 37-year-old male presented with a mass measuring 2.5 cm in size in the midbrain and obstructive hydrocephalus, which had manifested as a headache and dizziness. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain showed intermediate enhancement on T1-weighted MR imaging and a high intensity of enhancement on T2-weighted MR. Neurosurgeons performed an occipital craniotomy with partial removal of the tumor and the postoperative diagnosis was a pineal parenchymal tumor with intermediate differentiation. He had undergone irradiation with 54 Gy of radiation on 27 fractions for removal of the remaining tumor approximately one month after surgery. However, in follow-up imaging performed four months after radiotherapy, a remnant mass in the superoposterior aspect of the midbrain was found to have extended to the hypothalamus and the third ventricle. He was treated with six cycles of procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine chemotherapy. At five months since the completion of chemotherapy, the brain MR imaging showed no evidence of any remaining tumor and he no longer displayed any of his initial symptoms.
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PMID:Successful treatment by chemotherapy of pineal parenchymal tumor with intermediate differentiation: a case report. 2415 85

Primary pineal malignant melanoma is a rare entity, with only thirteen cases reported in the world literature to date. We report a case of a 70-year-old man, who consulted with gait disturbance of six months duration, associated in the last month with dizziness, visual abnormalities and diplopia. No other additional melanocytic lesions were found elsewhere. The magnetic resonance showed a 25 mm expansive mass in the pineal gland that was associated with hydrocephaly, ventricular and transependimary oedema. The lesion was partially excised by a supracerebellar infratentorial approach. The histological examination revealed a melanoma. The patient received radiation therapy, but died of disease 16 weeks later. We herein review the literature on this rare tumour and comment on its clinical, radiological and histopathological features and differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Primary pineal malignant melanoma. 2476 93

This report describes a middle-aged man presenting to the ophthalmologist with history of seeing floaters before both eyes since 2-weeks duration. A history of intermittent headache and dizziness of recent onset was elicited on questioning. Ocular examination showed bilateral early papilloedema and mild vitreous hemorrhage. Brain computed tomography (CT) disclosed features suggestive of colloid cyst of the third ventricle in the region of foramen of Monro with moderate hydrocephalus. Emergency craniotomy and excision of the cyst was done, and the patient is doing well for the last 18 months after the surgical intervention. The mechanism of this presentation, importance of early investigations, and timely intervention are highlighted in order to avoid serious neurological sequelae. The literature was extensively reviewed for atypical presentations of intraventricular colloid cyst.
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PMID:Colloid cyst of the third ventricle presenting with features of Terson's syndrome. 2537 42

A 33-year-old female was found to have a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) occurring within the fourth ventricle with multifocal extension to the third and lateral ventricles. She presented with headaches, blurred vision, nausea, and intermittent dizziness. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed hydrocephalus and multifocal nodules throughout the ventricular system with the largest mass occupying the fourth ventricle. An endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy were performed. Histological examination demonstrated a glioneuronal neoplasm with the characteristic features of RGNT. While the histopathological features of our case are well in accord with those reported in the literature, the multifocal intraventricular growth pattern has only been described twice before. Moreover, RGNT of the fourth ventricle with dissemination throughout the supratentorial ventricles has only been described once before. Long-term studies are required to assess the best treatment modalities and clinical behavior of this extremely rare disseminated RGNT entity.
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PMID:Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor with dissemination throughout the ventricular system: a case report. 2537 41

We report on a 14-year-old girl with hydrocephalus that underwent spontaneous regression without any specific treatment, such as ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. A 14-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with severe headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography and FLAIR-MRI findings on admission showed markedly dilated lateral, third and fourth ventricles with periventricular hyperintensity and downward displacement of the tonsils induced by dilatation of the fourth ventricle. We diagnosed hydrocephalus of unknown etiology. Although no specific treatment for hydrocephalus was performed, the symptoms gradually improved. One year after onset, the patient was completely free of neurological symptoms, and findings of physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain had returned to normal. The etiology of the spontaneous regression is unclear, but the following mechanisms are discussed: 1) rupture of ventricular diverticulum, 2) head injury causing skull-base fracture with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, 3) extremely radiosensitive neoplasms diminished by X-p exploration, and 4) cerebrospinal fluid leakage due to lumbar puncture.
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PMID:Hydrocephalus with spontaneous regression in a 14-year-old girl. 2539 4


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