Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two autopsy cases of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with liver cirrhosis are presented. Both patients were hepatitis B (HB) virus carriers and suffered from type B cirrhosis during the clinical course. The first patient was a 52-year-old male with type B cirrhosis. He died of hepatic encephalopathy but did not have any specific symptoms for PH except abnormal laboratory findings. Chest roentgenograms displayed prominence of the central pulmonary artery. Cardiac catheterization indicated marked increment of pulmonary arterial pressure. Autopsy revealed dilatation and sclerosis of the main pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy. Microscopically, the pulmonary arteries showed intimal fibrosis, medial hypertrophy, and plexiform lesions throughout the lungs. The second patient, a 15-year-old boy, had PH with juvenile liver cirrhosis which had existed for 8 years prior to the onset of PH. He complained of severe dyspnea and dizziness before death. Electrocardiogram indicated right ventricular hypertrophy. Autopsy disclosed cardiomegaly, type B cirrhosis and sclerotic pulmonary arteries. Grade VI pulmonary plexogenic arteriopathy including plexiform lesions and necrotizing arteritis was observed. HBsAg was detected in both the hepatocytes and the pulmonary arterial walls. We discuss the possible relationship between persistent HB viral infection and PH with liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Pulmonary hypertension in hepatitis B virus carriers. 344 51

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the Western world and the incidence of the disease is constantly increasing. Most patients with NAFLD do not present with symptoms directly attributable to their underlying liver disease. It is increasingly recognized, however, that those with NAFLD describe a range of non-specific symptoms, which include fatigue and daytime sleepiness, may be the presenting problem and can impact dramatically upon quality of life in this patient group. The recognition of systemic symptoms in NAFLD has important implications for patients as many are potentially modifiable with targeted interventions. Fatigue appears to be a significant problem in NAFLD and the severity of fatigue is not associated with severity of NAFLD or any parameters of liver damage. Instead, fatigue in these patients shows a strong relationship with the symptom of daytime sleepiness and autonomic dysfunction. Daytime sleepiness can frequently be associated with obstructive sleep apnoea in those with NAFLD and is therefore treatable with evidence-based interventions. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in those with early stages of NAFLD. The presence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction leads to symptoms such as postural dizziness and syncope and is also associated with a number of clinical consequences in hepatic and non-hepatic diseases such as cognitive dysfunction, falls and fall-related injuries. On direct questioning, problems with memory and concentration are frequently described by those with NAFLD, with our studies confirming that 50% of NAFLD patients experience mild cognitive symptoms and up to 46% moderate or severe cognitive impairment. There were no positive correlations between cognitive symptoms and biochemical or histological markers of liver damage severity, confirming that cognitive impairment in early-stage NAFLD is not related to hepatic encephalopathy. Falls are also considered a direct consequence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and our work suggests that a history of falls is common in NAFLD (43%). The proportion of recurrent fallers is significantly higher in a NAFLD cohort compared to controls (p = 0.001), with injuries (p = 0.009), emergency medical attention (p < 0.001), fracture rates (p < 0.001) and hospital admission (p < 0.001) all significantly more common in the NAFLD group. Falls and the aforementioned associations were unrelated to the presence of diabetes or the severity of liver disease. A range of systemic symptoms appear to affect those with NAFLD, the severity of which is unrelated to the underlying liver disease severity. The presence of autonomic dysfunction may provide a unifying mechanism for these symptoms and a therapeutic target. Consideration of these symptoms affecting patients with NAFLD and, where possible, effective treatment will lead to improvements in quality of life and enhance the ability of those with NAFLD to function in their daily lives.
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PMID:Systemic symptoms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 2046 Sep 14

We report our experience with three cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Case 1 complained of hydrodipsia 4 days before delivery. Case 2 presented with nausea, vomiting and dizziness 6 days before delivery. Case 3 developed loss of appetite and general fatigue with jaundice 10 days before delivery. They underwent termination of pregnancy after diagnosis was made. Case 3 still developed hepatic encephalopathy, and finally she required liver transplantation. We hypothesise that the interval between the onset of symptoms and termination of pregnancy is an important factor for acuity of the disorder and patient morbidity or mortality.
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PMID:Three cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy: postpartum clinical course depends on interval between onset of symptoms and termination of pregnancy. 2071 81

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording in the laboratory lasts at least 20 minutes and uses 19 active electrodes. It includes rest periods, stimulation procedures, a 3-mn hyperventilation period and intermittent photic stimulation (IPS). Recorded at the bedside, the EEG uses at least eight electrodes; the stimulation procedures, duration of the EEG and need to repeat the examination depend on the indication. Simultaneous video recording is recommended. The EEG report describes the basic rhythm, its reactivity and pathological activities, whether epileptic or not, and their organization. The synthetic conclusion interprets the results while taking into account the clinical context and contributes, if possible, diagnostic and/or therapeutic help in patient management. EEG performed as soon as possible after a seizure is essential for the diagnosis and initial management of epilepsy. It is helpful to characterize the epileptic syndrome in order to initiate optimal treatment. EEG is also useful in managing the withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs. EEG is also extremely useful in case of impaired consciousness, confusional state or even acute or subacute cognitive disorders. It is the only available tool able to validate the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus presenting with confusional state. EEG helps in the diagnosis of toxic or metabolic encephalopathy and can assess its severity, especially in hepatic encephalopathy. Except in rare exceptions, EEG is not routinely indicated for the evaluation of typical vasovagal syncope, headaches, dizziness, typical transient global amnesia and transient ischemic attack. EEG is irreplaceable in the diagnosis and management of certain severe and frequent pathologies involving the cerebral cortex.
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PMID:EEG in adults in the laboratory or at the patient's bedside. 2566 Jan 25