Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 555 hypertensive patients took part in a 2-year multicenter, open-label study to determine the efficacy, tolerance, and safety of long-term therapy with ramipril. In the beginning, all patients were to receive 5 mg of ramipril/day. The dosage was then adjusted in accordance with response to treatment and ranged from 1.25-20 mg of ramipril daily. Of these patients, 129 also received 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide daily at some point during the trial. To evaluate whether tolerance to ramipril developed during long-term treatment, a subgroup of 202 patients was analyzed for efficacy maintenance. Prior to enrolling in the 2-year study, these patients had received ramipril monotherapy in a short-term, double-blind study and had been classified as responders, i.e., their diastolic blood pressure had been maintained at less than or equal to 90 mm Hg. At the end of 104 weeks of treatment, 45.9% of patients were on 2.5 mg of ramipril alone and 43.6% were on 5 mg of ramipril alone. Only four patients required the addition of 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide. No clinically important changes occurred, and kidney function was well maintained. The most frequently reported adverse events excluding intercurrent illnesses were dizziness/vertigo (6%), asthenia (4%), nausea (3%), headache (2%), and abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disorder, rash, and increased cough (1% each). Ramipril was safe, effective, and well tolerated in the long-term treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:Antihypertensive efficacy, tolerance, and safety of long-term treatment with ramipril in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. 172 24

The efficacy of flecainide acetate for conversion of atrial fibrillation into sinus rhythm was assessed in 69 patients (mean age of 63 +/- 14 years). Mean duration of the arrhythmia was 49 +/- 45 days. Mean cardiothoracic index was 0.49 +/- 0.03. Flecainide treatment was started intravenously with a bolus of 2 mg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by oral treatment (200 to 300 mg/day) according to body weight. Conversion to sinus rhythm was obtained in 49 patients (71%). The mean delay between initiation of treatment and restoration of sinus rhythm was 301 minutes (range 5 to 1,600). The left atrial diameter was smaller (40 +/- 1 mm) in patients who had successful cardioversion than in those who did not (46 +/- 1 mm) (p less than 0.05). Patients with atrial fibrillation lasting for less than 10 days had a higher conversion rate (79%) than patients with long-standing atrial fibrillation, in whom the conversion rate was only 38% (p less than 0.05). Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred in 33 patients during the first 5 minutes after injection. Adverse effects necessitated discontinuation of treatment in 4 patients (5.8%). Gastrointestinal disorders and dizziness occurred in 5 other patients but did not necessitate discontinuing treatment. In conclusion, flecainide is an effective drug for converting atrial fibrillation into sinus rhythm. Unlike quinidine, flecainide can be administered intravenously. The conversion rate with flecainide is higher in patients with a shorter duration of atrial fibrillation and smaller atria.
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PMID:Restoration of sinus rhythm with flecainide in patients with atrial fibrillation. 313 34

Thirty male patients with nongonococcal urethritis and 7 female patients nongonococcal cervicitis were treated with 200 mg doxycycline (DOXY) daily over a period of 7 days. The microbiological cure rate in infections with C. trachomatis was 92.9% with the clinical effectiveness rate being 92.9%. The clinical effectiveness rate in nonchlamydial urethritis was 63.6%. There were no statistically demonstrable difference in clinical outcome between the group of the C. trachomatis positive patients and the C. trachomatis negative patients, both treated with DOXY. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (5.4%) who complained of gastrointestinal disorder, but no dizziness was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of doxycycline in the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections]. 409 52

This article presents a summary of drug safety data concerning the use of tramadol hydrochloride and an outline of the specific aspects of this analgesic in particular with regard to respiratory depression and dependence potential. Information from phase II to IV clinical studies, postmarketing surveillance studies (covering safety data from a total of more than 21,000 patients) and the spontaneous reporting system have been taken into consideration. The data from the spontaneous reporting system covers the period between 1977 and 1993, during which more than one billion single dose units were distributed throughout the world. The phase II to IV studies compare acute intravenous, acute intramuscular, acute oral and multiple dose oral administration Postmarketing surveillance studies provide a picture of everyday use of tramadol in general medical practice. Further analyses were performed to provide information about the gender-, age- and dose-related distribution of adverse reactions The prevalence of side effects was calculated by comparing the number of symptoms with the number of patients. The pooled data from the clinical studies and the postmarketing surveillance studies reveal that the most commonly observed side effects were nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness, sweating, vomiting and dry mouth, with an overall incidence of between 1 and 6%. In the postmarketing surveillance studies on long term and acute administration, the profile of adverse events was qualitatively almost identical to that in the phase II to IV studies. However, there were distinct quantitative differences it favour of the long term studies. In the postmarketing surveillance study on acute parenteral administration, the incidences of nausea and vomiting were only 4.2 and 0.5% respectively, which is significantly lower than the 20.7 and 11.4% in the patient-controlled analgesia studies. Nevertheless, it is important to take into consideration the different conditions in these studies. All the postmarketing surveillance studies were outpatient studies, whereas almost all of the phase II to IV studies were carried out in hospitals. The studies with intravenous and intramuscular administration were mainly postoperative, which explains the relatively high incidence of nausea and vomiting, 17.8 and 7.0%, respectively, with intramuscular administration. The different conditions in the phase II to IV studies and the postmarketing surveillance studies are also reflected in the occurrence of dizziness and postural hypotension: The incidence of dizziness in the postmarketing surveillance studies is slightly higher than that observed in the phase II to IV studies. Particularly in the studies with intravenous and intramuscular administration, the patients were confined to bed and were therefore much less sensitive to dizziness than those in the long term oral and postmarketing surveillance studies, who were all outpatients. On the other hand, postural hypotension played almost no role in the multiple dose studies, in which the oral formulation were used most frequently. It is interesting to note that diarrhoea, pruritus and gastrointestinal disorder (except nausea and vomiting) are mainly reported in the multiple dose studies in the groups receiving oral tramadol, and also in the postmarketing surveillance studies. Once again, the study conditions may well be the explanation. The adverse effects reported in both clinical and postmarketing surveillance studies are similar to those in the spontaneous reports. The most frequently documented adverse effects in clinical and postmarketing surveillance studies, i.e. nausea/vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness, sweating and dry mouth, are noted very infrequently in spontaneous reports, since in medical practice these side effects are usually known and are described in the product information. Almost all reports referring to abuse/dependence are connected with pain therapy; they give no reason to suspect any pro
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PMID:[Tolerance and safety of tramadol use. Results of international studies and data from drug surveillance]. 919 Mar 25