Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this double-blind study, patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized to receive either ziprasidone 80 mg/day (n = 106) or 160 mg/day (n = 104) or placebo (n = 92), for 6 weeks. Both doses of ziprasidone were statistically significantly more effective than placebo in improving the PANSS total, BPRS total, BPRS core items, CGI-S, and PANSS negative subscale scores (p < .05). Ziprasidone 160 mg/day significantly improved depressive symptoms in patients with clinically significant depression at baseline (MADRS > or = 14, over-all mean 23.5) (p < .05) as compared with placebo. The percentage of patients experiencing adverse events was similar in each treatment group, and resultant discontinuation was rare. The most frequent adverse events associated with ziprasidone were generally mild dyspepsia, nausea, dizziness, and transient somnolence. Ziprasidone was shown to have a very low liability for inducing movement disorders and weight gain. The results indicate that ziprasidone is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of the positive, negative, and depressive symptoms of an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
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PMID:Ziprasidone 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day in the acute exacerbation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a 6-week placebo-controlled trial. Ziprasidone Study Group. 1019 29

To compare a novel controlled-release formulation of metoclopramide with placebo in patients with cancer-associated dyspepsia syndrome, 26 adult patients with a >/=1 month history of cancer-associated dyspepsia syndrome were randomized to receive either controlled-release metoclopramide 40 mg every 12 hours or matching placebo for a period of 4 days. On day 5, patients crossed over to the alternate treatment for a further period of 4 days. Dose adjustments and rescue antiemetics were permitted during both phases. Nausea, anorexia, bloating, vomiting/retching, and drowsiness were assessed on a 100-mm VAS scale in a daily diary. On the last day of treatment of each phase, nausea was significantly lower in the controlled-release metoclopramide group compared to placebo (17 +/- 12 mm versus 12 +/- 10 mm). Nausea scores tended to increase across days during the placebo phase and to decrease during the controlled-release metoclopramide phase. There was a trend for improvement in the intensity of all symptoms on controlled-release metoclopramide with the exception of appetite, but this trend only reached statistical significance for nausea. The frequency and severity of elicited adverse events did not differ significantly between treatments, although drowsiness, dizziness, and poor sleep were somewhat higher in the placebo group. In no case was it necessary to discontinue controlled-release metoclopramide because of toxicity. These results indicate that controlled-release metoclopramide reduces gastrointestinal symptoms in this population of advanced cancer patients.
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PMID:A double-blind, crossover study of controlled-release metoclopramide and placebo for the chronic nausea and dyspepsia of advanced cancer. 1090 23

Forty patients (33 male, 7 female) with refractory epilepsy were randomized to receive ascending weekly doses of adjunctive remacemide hydrochloride in a b.i.d. or q.i.d. regimen, or placebo for up to 1 month. Assessments included routine physical examination and laboratory tests, recording of adverse events and seizure frequency, and neuropsychological tests. Trough plasma concentrations of concomitant AEDs were measured at weekly intervals. Trough plasma concentrations of remacemide and its desglycinyl metabolite were measured before each dose increment, and complete 24-hour profiles were measured at steady state following administration of 600 mg day(-1)and 1200 mg day(-1). A daily dose of 1200 mg was well tolerated in a q.i.d. regimen and up to 800 mg was well tolerated in a b.i.d. regimen. The most common adverse events were dizziness, diplopia, dyspepsia and abdominal pain. On some occasions, these were considered to be related to raised concentrations of concomitant AEDs. No adverse effects were observed on seizure frequency. Neuropsychology tests revealed no significant changes. Remacemide and the desglycinyl metabolite demonstrated dose proportional pharmacokinetics over the dose range tested.
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PMID:Remacemide hydrochloride: a placebo-controlled, one month, double-blind assessment of its safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics as adjunctive therapy in patients with epilepsy. 1116 51

Gastric cancer is often diagnosed in middle-aged patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for abdominal complaints or constitutional symptoms, such as dyspepsia, vomiting or anorexia, weight loss, anemia, jaundice, and ascites. Sometimes, all of these symptoms may be absent, and gastric cancer is diagnosed after detection of metastases to target organs, such as the liver or lung. In a few rare cases, however, even these metastatic localizations may be absent, and clinical signs are only represented by atypical symptoms caused by neurologic metastatic involvement. We report an exceptionally rare case of gastric cancer in which the only presenting symptoms were headache and dizziness caused by a single cerebellar metastasis.
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PMID:Cerebellar metastasis as a unique presenting feature of gastric cancer. 1141

The efficacy-safety and pharmacokinetics of the six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem/Riamet; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland) were assessed in a randomized trial in 219 patients (> or = 12 years old) with acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Thailand. One hundred and sixty-four patients received artemether-lumefantrine and 55 received the standard treatment combination of mefloquine-artesunate. Both drugs induced rapid clearance of parasites and malaria symptoms. The 28-day cure rates were 95.5% (90% confidence interval [CI] = 91.7, 97.9%) for artemether-lumefantrine and 100% (90% CI = 94.5, 100%) for mefloquine-artesunate. This high-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine was very well tolerated, with very good compliance. The most frequent adverse events were headache, dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, and skin rash. Overall, only 2% of patients in both groups showed QTc prolongations but without any cardiac complication, and no differences were seen between patients with and without measurable baseline plasma levels of quinine or mefloquine. Plasma levels of artemether, dihydroartemisinin, and lumefantrine were consistent with historical data for the same dose regimen, and were higher, particularly for lumefantrine, than those previously observed with the four-dose regimen, explaining the greater efficacy of the six-dose regimen in a drug-resistant setting. These results confirm the excellent safety and efficacy of the six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria.
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PMID:A clinical and pharmacokinetic trial of six doses of artemether-lumefantrine for multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Thailand. 1146 11

Evidence has begun to accumulate that suggests there may be gender differences in the presenting symptoms of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Identification of gender differences has implications for both health care providers and the general public. Women should be instructed as to the symptoms expected with ACS on the basis of evidence obtained from studies that include both sexes. Twelve studies that identified symptoms of ACS for both women and men were identified through a review of the literature. In several of the studies, which included all types of ACS, women had significantly more back and jaw pain, nausea and/or vomiting, dyspnea, indigestion, and palpitations. In a number of the studies, which solely sampled patients with acute myocardial infarction, women demonstrated more back, jaw, and neck pain; nausea and/or vomiting; dyspnea; palpitations; indigestion; dizziness; fatigue; loss of appetite; and syncope. Men reported more chest pain and diaphoresis in the myocardial infarction sample. Results of these studies showed that women and men experienced the same symptoms with ACS. However, in some studies there were gender differences in the proportion of symptoms. Given the current state of the science, definitive conclusions regarding gender differences in the symptoms of ACS cannot be drawn. Further study is urgently needed to clarify and expand on these findings.
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PMID:Symptoms of acute coronary syndromes: are there gender differences? A review of the literature. 1212 87

Respiratory tract infections have an important clinical and economic impact and they are the most common indication for antibiotic use in outpatient practice. This prospective, multicenter non-controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Patients were treated with a daily oral dose of gatifloxacin 400 mg for 7-14 days. The diagnosis of respiratory infection was made based on the clinical condition and/or radiologic findings. A total of 5,044 adult patients with community-acquired respiratory infections was treated with gatifloxacin in different centers in Brazil between March 1, 2001, and October 31, 2001. Among the 5,044 patients treated, 1,501 patients (29.76%) had community-acquired pneumonia, 756 (14.99%) had acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and 2,787 (55.25%) had acute sinusitis. Of the total of patients treated, 3,607 (71.51%) were considered cured, 1,261 (25%) progressed with some clinical improvement, 28 (0.56%) presented a relapse, 56 (1.11%) failed to treatment and 92 (1.82%) were unable to be evaluated. Adverse events were described in 634 (12.57%) patients. The most common adverse events were: nausea (2.24%); dyspepsia (1.86%); diarrhea (0.79%); change in taste (0.46%); insomnia and irritability (0.22%); dizziness (0.77%); headache (0.42%); allergic reaction (0.18%); Central Nervous System alterations insomnia, agitation, anxiety (0.46%). This study showed that the treatment of respiratory tract infections with gatifloxacin was safe and efficient and had a low incidence of adverse events.
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PMID:Treatment of adults with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: results of a multicentric clinical trial with gatifloxacin. 1220 81

This review discusses clinical aspects and mechanism of action of various injectable steroids used for contraception. The clinical effectiveness of various injectables is presented tabularly, with the following compounds having notable failure rates: medroxyprogesterone, 400 mg, 9.5 pregnancy/100 woman years; SH 582, 200 mg, 37/100 woman years; SH 582, 2.5 mg, 30/100 woman years; oxagesterone, 50 mg, 22/100 woman years. Contraceptive efficacy of medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone enanthate, and Deladroxate was confirmed. Cycle control using injectables was generally good, but oral estrogens can be used with the injectables to help cycle control if needed. Clinical side effects to pure progestogens are minimal, although headaches, dizziness, dyspepsia, or nonspecific effects have been noted. Addition of estrogen leads to breast symptoms in 9-13% of cases, and sometimes to weight gain, nausea, and vomiting. Use of injectables is particularly encouraged for postpartum women. Despite cycle irregularities associated with progestogen injectables, acceptability is good--drop-out rate is in the 25% range for the commonly used compounds. Fertility is reestablished within 5 weeks to 4 months after injections cease. Possible mechanisms of action of injectables include: inhibition of ovulation either due to inhibition of luteinizing hormone or direct effect on the ovary; effect on the endometrium; or effect on cervical mucus such that it becomes hostile to spermatozoa.
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PMID:Injectable steroids as a method of contraception. 1231 80

Potential vasodilator side effects of sildenafil such as headache, flushing, dyspepsia, heartburn, nasal congestion, dizziness and visual changes have been frequently observed. We report a 79-year-old man who developed severe vestibular neuritis-like symptoms (horizontal nystagmus with rotatory components and vomiting) two hours after taking 50 mg sildenafil. Additionally, the patient complained of tinnitus in both ears. Internal and neurological examination revealed no pathological findings and the patient had no history of cardiovascular disease. The symptoms lasted for 24 hours and then resolved completely. All of the patient's complaints indicated a drug-related phenomenon. This drug related adverse reaction should be included in the long list of potential side effects of sildenafil.
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PMID:Vestibular symptoms as a complication of sildenafil: a case report. 1240 37

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of high dose sildenafil as a salvage therapy for patients refractory to the maximum recommended dose of sildenafil. Fifty four fully evaluated patients with chronic erectile failure (ED) who had previously failed to respond to a home trial of sildenafil (100 mg) with erections suitable for sexual intercourse were studied. Each man was treated at home with sildenafil at escalating doses of up to 200 mg until either maximal response or intolerable adverse effects occurred. Erectile function was quantified using the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) before treatment, with sildenafil 100 mg and with maximal dose of sildenafil and a global efficacy question after 4 weeks of treatment. The mean age of the study group was 59.6+/-11.2 y. 13/54 (24%) had arteriogenic ED, 16/54 (30%) had mixed vasculogenic ED, 9/54 (17%) had cavernosal veno-occlusive dysfunction, 11/54 (20%) had post radical retropubic prostatectomy ED and 5/54 (9%) had psychogenic ED. 13/54 (24.1%) responded to sildenafil at a median maximal dose of 200 mg, 4/13 required 150 mg and 9/13 required 200 mg. 41/54 (76%) failed to respond to sildenafil. Mean IIEF question 3 and 4 scores were 1.5 and 1.4 at baseline, 2.2 and 1.9 with sildenafil 100 mg, 2.8 and 2.5 with sildenafil 150 mg and 3.0 and 2.9 with sildenafil 200 mg, respectively. After 4 weeks, treatment was regarded as having improved their erections by 37%, 46.3% and 68% of patients with sildenafil 100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg, respectively. 34/54 (63%) reported adverse effects with maximal dose sildenafil comprising headache (19), facial flushing (32), dyspepsia (14), nasal congestion (11), dizziness (5) and visual disturbances (5). 4/13 (31%) responders refused to continue treatment due to adverse effects.In conclusion, sildenafil at doses of up to 200 mg is an effective salvage therapy for 24.1% of previous sildenafil non-responders but is limited by a significantly higher incidence of adverse effects and a 31% treatment discontinuation rate.
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PMID:High dose sildenafil citrate as a salvage therapy for severe erectile dysfunction. 1460 83


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