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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Norfloxacin is a quinoline (quinolinecarboxylic acid) that should prove successful in treating infections that currently require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Although a nalidixic acid derivative, it possesses greater antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Compared with other antimicrobial agents, norfloxacin is more potent than the aminoglycosides, first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, carbenicillin, piperacillin, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, cinoxacin, and enoxacin. In the clinical studies to date, the side effects of norfloxacin have been minimal, but include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, depression, and a bitter taste in the mouth. In studies with more than 4000 patients, the incidence of side effects ranged from 3.9 to 4.7 percent, with most appearing by the second day of therapy.
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PMID:Norfloxacin: a quinoline antibiotic. 351 15

Despite the widespread use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the current number of reported cases of poisoning is small. However, with the introduction of 'over-the-counter' preparations of NSAIDs in some countries (e.g. ibuprofen in the UK and USA) an increased incidence of acute poisoning from this group of drugs can be expected. Conventionally, NSAIDs are divided into the following groups based on their chemical structure: arylpropionic acids, indole and indene acetic acids, heteroarylacetic acids, fenamates, phenylacetic acids, pyrazolones and oxicams. Unless NSAIDs are ingested in substantial overdose, acute poisoning with these agents does not usually result in significant morbidity or mortality. In most cases the clinical features are mild and confined to the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, though acute renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, respiratory depression, coma, convulsions, cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest may complicate severe poisoning. Arylpropionic acid derivatives were thought initially to have a low order of toxicity in overdose but, in addition to anticipated gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, tinnitus, hyperventilation, sinus tachycardia, hypoprothrombinaemia, haematuria, proteinuria and acute renal failure have been described. In addition, drowsiness, coma, nystagmus, diplopia, hypothermia, hypotension, respiratory depression and cardiac arrest have been reported in severe cases of poisoning. Oxyphenbutazone and phenylbutazone are considerably more toxic in overdose. Complications of severe poisoning include coma, convulsions, hepatic dysfunction, acute renal failure, sodium and water retention, haematuria, cardiovascular collapse, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hypoprothrombinaemia and thrombocytopenia. In contrast, indomethacin appears to be much less toxic. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, indomethacin taken in overdose induces headache, tinnitus, dizziness, lethargy, drowsiness, confusion, disorientation and restlessness. Only 1 case of acute sulindac poisoning has been reported in the literature. A 16-year-old boy was admitted with hypokalaemia (2.2 mmol/L), transient granulocytosis and 'scanty' haematemesis after ingesting 12 g sulindac. No case of acute tolmetin poisoning have been reported. The fenamates (flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid) are, with the exception of mefenamic acid, not as widely prescribed as other groups of NSAIDs. In overdose, mefenamic acid may result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle twitching, convulsions and coma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute poisoning due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical features and management. 353 13

Preoperative characteristics of 964 patients in the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Valvular Heart Disease undergoing single valve replacement were examined to determine predictors of operative mortality. The operative mortality rate was 8.3% in 661 patients having isolated aortic valve disease and 7.5% in 239 patients having isolated mitral valve disease, but 12.5% in 64 patients with multivalve disease undergoing single valve replacement. For the aortic valve replacement subgroup, three-vessel coronary artery disease, left ventricular systolic pressure, prior cardiac operation, body surface area, and cardiac index were related to operative mortality. In the mitral valve replacement group, there was a strong association of operative mortality with advanced age, exertional dizziness, reduced cardiac index, left ventricular contraction grade, ST segment depression on the resting electrocardiogram, and pleural effusion. The risk of operative death for an individual patient undergoing aortic or mitral valve replacement may be estimated with the use of independent risk factors.
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PMID:Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic predictors of operative mortality in patients undergoing single valve replacement. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Valvular Heart Disease. 357 98

Surgical trauma to the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) is a rare complication which does not always result in cochlear damage. The authors present six such cases, discuss the histopathological findings of one case, and review 12 previous reports. Transient cochlear depression with normalization of function within 6 weeks of trauma occurred in most instances. Vestibular symptoms were pronounced and, although compensation was not delayed, positional dizziness and instability usually persisted for several months and occasionally for a year or more. Histopathological findings (two specimens) were significant for obliterative scarring of the LSC at the site of injury and for the structural integrity of the labyrinth and cochlea. The mechanism of cochlear protection in these cases remains obscure; however, clean injuries away from the ampullary end of the canal occurring in patients without preexisting inner ear disease appear to have a better prognosis. Intraoperative closure of the defect, postoperative bed rest, and antibiotics are the basic elements of management.
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PMID:Surgical trauma to the lateral semicircular canal with preservation of hearing. 357 3

There are many drugs marketed for the purpose of altering vascular blood flow in various regions, especially of the central nervous system and in peripheral arterial insufficiency. More than 50 different methods are described for the treatment of sudden deafness. Considerations of the therapy of sudden deafness are influenced by the fact that the cause of the disease is unknown. The dysfunction of the hair-cells of the organ of CORTI is thought to be caused by a deficit of oxygen due to disorders of micro-circulation in the inner ear. The infusion of vaso-active drugs in the early state of disease can lead to a remarkable improvement of hearing whereas the prospect of improvement without treatment remains uncertain. Nevertheless it may be difficult to distinguish the beneficial effects of vasodilator agents from spontaneous improvement. Naftidrofuryl oxalate (dusodril) has been in use for many years and proved its therapeutic value in many studies. It is regarded as non-toxic and is used extensively in Europe. Side effects are only reported rarely, and include decrease of cerebral blood flow, abdominal distension, diarrhoea, oesophageal ulceration, epileptic seizures, aphasia, disturbances of consciousness, hypotension, hypertensive crisis, vertigo and dizziness, depression of cardiac conduction, thrombophlebitis, and allergy. This case report of allergic reaction in a young female patient demonstrates that the intravenous application of this drug may lead to severe complications.
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PMID:[Allergic reaction in therapy with naftidrofuryl (Dusodril). A case report]. 361 Jun 82

Neuropsychological impairment and pathologically delayed Acoustic Brain stem Responses (ABR) have been found in patients examined after minor head injury. The relation of these alterations with the emergence of post-concussional symptoms is unknown. In this study 27 patients were examined with ABR within 48 hours of a clearly defined head injury and with a complete neuropsychological test battery one month after the trauma. They were checked for postconcussional symptoms such as headache, depression or dizziness one year later. ABR recordings were pathological in four patients. Neuropsychological testing showed no difference between patients and age-matched controls. No correlation was found between postconcussional symptoms and ABR and neuropsychological examination results, posttraumatic amnesia, and neurotic symptoms present before the trauma. Subclinical brain stem involvement as shown by ABR does not seem to correlate with symptoms of the postconcussional syndrome. This greatly limits the use of ABR in forensic medicine.
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PMID:[Value of neuropsychologic tests and acoustic evoked brain stem potentials in the prognosis of subjective complaints in patients with brain concussion]. 361 86

Bennett (1975) reported that signs and symptoms of the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS) appeared including nausea, dizziness, tremors of the hands and arms, increased slow wave activity in electroencephalogram, especially in the theta band (4-7 Hz) with depression of alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (20 Hz and higher) on compression with oxygen-helium to depths greater than 500 ft (16 ATA). Earlier studies have indicated that the HPNS may be controlled by use of an increased nitrogen partial pressure, slowing compression rate or excluding subject who has higher susceptibility to HPNS. For determining the effect of slowing compression rate, it was changed to new compression profile of linear compression to 31 ATA with intermediate stops in SEADRAGON-VI carried out at JAMSTEC in 1983. All divers to compressed to 31 ATA using the new rate complained few and slight signs and symptoms involved HPNS than ever experienced.
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PMID:[On the compression rate for inhibiting high pressure nervous syndrome under high pressure helium atmosphere]. 372

Four children with panic disorder, two boys and two girls between the ages of nine and 16 years, are discussed. They presented with complaints suggesting neurological disorder: 'dizziness', headache, episodic anxiety and 'blackout spells'. Neurological examinations and investigations were normal. Depression and/or anxiety were prominent in all cases. Drug treatment and psychotherapy were of some benefit. Four other children with attention deficit disorders are presented, whose mothers have panic disorder. This association points towards common biochemical influences and suggests that tricyclic drugs may be preferable to CNS stimulants as a form of treatment.
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PMID:Neurologic presentations of panic disorder in childhood and adolescence. 378 Nov 4

The article describes the clinical picture of diagnostically difficult cases (22 children aged from 6 to 14 years) of depression, masked by marked vegetative disturbances, headaches, dizziness and paroxysmal states simulating a neurological diseases, unconfirmed by objective data. Nosological appurtenance of depression is verified by the presence of negative and productive symptoms of schizophrenia. Clinical picture is determined by both manifestations of depression and the presence of a residual organic background.
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PMID:[Pseudoneurologic symptoms of latent depression in children with schizophrenia]. 381 12

Cardiac and noncardiac side effects were studied in 293 consecutive patients referred for nonexercise stress thallium imaging with intravenous dipyridamole. Six minutes after the initiation of infusion, there was a mean 9-beat/min increase in heart rate and a mean 12-mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure. The largest increase in heart rate exceeded 20 beats/min in only 13% of patients and the largest decrease in systolic blood pressure exceeded 20 mm Hg in 31%. Noncardiac side effects were headache (11%), lightheadedness or dizziness (5%) and nausea (4%). Only 9 patients required intravenous aminophylline for relief of noncardiac side effects: severe headache in 7 and nausea in 2. Cardiac side effects included chest pain in 76 patients (26%), of whom 70% were given aminophylline for relief of symptoms. Sixty patients (20%) had ischemic ST-segment depression and 56 (19%) had arrhythmias (ventricular in 50 and atrial in 6). There were no deaths, myocardial infarctions or sustained arrhythmias due to dipyridamole administration. Among 62 patients also undergoing cardiac catheterization, side effects except for arrhythmias were unrelated to the number of vessels with coronary artery disease. Intravenous dipyridamole is safe for nonexercise stress testing and has few serious side effects. However, the possibility of ischemia requires careful selection of patients and monitoring of vital signs and the electrocardiogram during the test.
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PMID:Safety of intravenous dipyridamole for stress testing with thallium imaging. 381 27


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