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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Long-acting oral contraceptives (OCs) for women were available for clinical experimentation in 1969. Through the country, 29 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions participated in this expirement. Based upon the cases between 1969 and 1976 findings from this expirement can be summarized as follows: 1) the 3 types of long-acting OCs have proved to be very effective, and the rate of breast cancer and cervical cancer is lower than the normal rate. The childbearing ability can be restored rapidly after discontinued use of the contraceptives. The impact on menses and metaboliism is not very serious. The health of the users and the newborn babies has not been found to be endangered. Statistics show that long-acting OCs are comparatively more secure measures for birth control; 2) some users have experienced dizziness, nausea, and excessive leukorrhea, and discontdiscontinued because of discomfort and inconvenience. This situation has some impact on the popular use of long-acting OCs. Research and studies are underway on a reduced dosage and reduction of side effects; 3) women who suffer from hepatitis, nephritis, a history of liver and kidney problems, breast tumors, cervical cancer, diabetes, active low blood sugar, or a history of having over-sized babies, or an overweight problem should not use OCs. Women who suffer from high blood pressure can only use OCs with a doctor's advice and caution.
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PMID:[Clinical observations on long-acting oral contraceptives--a report of 43,373 (author's transl)]. 26 34

Recent cohort and case control studies of low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing the new generation of progestogens have allowed classification of adverse effects into those which are rare but serious and should be considered risks and those which are more frequent but are less of a threat to health. Low-dose COCs continue to affect coagulation in a complex way, but the risk is less than with the older preparations, and it can be minimized by screening women for a personal or familial history of early or unusual thrombosis and for levels of protein C, S, and antithrombin III. Women with true migraine with focal signs should also avoid using COCs. The relative risk of myocardial infarction (MI) may increase from 4:1 in women with one risk factor (age, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes) to 20:1 with two risk factors and 128:1 with three or more risk factors. In the absence of all risk factors, a recent study indicated that the relative risk of MI with COC use was 1.9 for current and past use. COC use also causes a slight increase in hypertension in most women, especially those who are older or have a family history of hypertension. While the COC can affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the new generation of progestogens has reduced these effects. The COC may accelerate presentation of gallbladder disease in predisposed women. The COC protects against benign breast disease but may increase the risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer slightly. There is a strong link between hepatocellular adenoma and COC use, but the incidence is low. Return to fertility after use has not been a problem. Both estrogenic adverse effects (nausea, dizziness, irritability, weight gain, bloating) and progestogenic adverse effects (vaginal dryness, acne, hirsutism, weight gain, depression, loss of libido) can occur in 50% of women, but these generally disappear after a few months of use. In conclusion, the low-dose, third generation COCs are associated with minimal risks in the absence of other risk factors and have many beneficial effects such as the prevention of ovarian and endometrial cancer; a decrease in pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancies; and protection from anemia, primary dysmenorrhea, functional ovarian cysts, and benign breast disease as well as from the morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy.
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PMID:The combined oral contraceptive. Risks and adverse effects in perspective. 776 40

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by cervical carcinoma is uncommon. Out of 1,184 patients registered for invasive cervical carcinoma at our institution between 1982 and 1994, 14 (1.18%) developed brain metastases. Median age at the time of CNS metastasis diagnosis was 52 years. Median interval between diagnosis of cervical cancer and documentation of brain involvement was 18 months. Clinical manifestation included motor weakness, headache, seizures, dizziness and visual disturbances. All lesions (8 multiple, 6 single) were contrast enhanced on computerized tomography scans and were located in the cerebrum (n = 10), in the cerebellum (n = 2), or in both (n = 2). The CNS was the only site of detectable disease in 7 patients with recurrent disease. Eleven patients received only steroids, and 3 patients received radiotherapy. All 14 patients died, and median survival from diagnosis of brain metastases for the entire series was 4 months (range, 1-21). CNS metastases from cervical cancer are rare, and the prognosis for such patients appears poor.
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PMID:Brain metastases from cervical carcinoma. 889 Sep 78

FDA has approved medroxyprogesterone acetate as Depo Provera Contraceptive Injection, effective for 3 months in preventing pregnancy in women. In clinical studies, the drug's failure rate was less than 1%. However, physicians must ensure that patients receive injections on schedule to prevent pregnancy. The recommended dose is 150 mg administered every 3 months by deep, intramuscular injection in the gluteal or deltoid muscle. Most women in clinical studies of Depo Provera experienced menstrual irregularities. As use continued, amenorrhea became common, reported by 57% of the women by the end of a year of treatment. Other side effects included weight gain, headache, nervousness, abdominal pain or discomfort, dizziness, and asthenia. Physicians should administer the drug only to women found not to be pregnant, because fetal exposure may lead to low birth weight and other problems. Recent data have demonstrated that longterm use may contribute to osteoporosis, and the drug's manufacturer, the Upjohn Company of Kalamazoo, Michigan, will conduct additional research to study this possible side effect. Contraindications are similar to those for other contraceptives and include undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, known or suspected malignancy of breast, thromboembolic disorders, cerebral vascular disease, and liver dysfunction. Depo Provera was developed in the 1960s and has been approved for contraception in many other countries. When FDA first reviewed data on the drug in the 1970s, animal studies raised questions about its potential to cause breast cancer. Since then, longterm controlled clinical studies in other countries have shown a risk of breast cancer comparable to oral contraceptives, and no increased risk for ovarian, liver, or cervical cancer. The studies also showed that the contraceptive injection reduced the risk of endometrial cancer. FDA approved the drug October 29, 1992.
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PMID:3-month contraceptive injection approved. 1231 15

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera) is used for contraception by 8-9 million women in more than 90 countries, including the US, as of January 1993. Pharmacologically active levels of DMPA persist for 3-4 months following injection. A 150 mg dose is used most often for high contraceptive efficacy every 3 months. Norethindrone enanthate (NET-EN, Noristerat) is somewhat less widely used and is not marketed in the US. Injectables act primarily by inhibiting ovulation, lowering the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Approximately 50% of women using DMPA for 1 year report amenorrhea whose occurrence is less frequent with NET-EN. Menstrual changes are the most frequent causes of discontinuation of injectables. In cases of heavy bleeding it is appropriate to undergo gynecological examination to rule out unrelated conditions, such as vaginitis, cervicitis, or cervical lesions. The use of conjugated estrogen (12.5-2.5 mg daily) for 10-21 days will minimize bleeding. Some women using injectables experience headache, dizziness, bloating of the abdomen or breast, and mood changes. Long-term use of DMPA or NET-EN can often result in 1-3 kg weight gain. The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives was launched in 1979 to examine cancer risks with the use of DMPA in Thailand, Mexico, and Kenya. The relative risk of breast cancer was 1.21, which was statistically not significant. In women diagnosed with breast cancer under age 35, short-term exposure to DMPA was associated with a slightly increased breast cancer risk, which, however, was not associated with duration of use. DMPA dramatically lowers the risk of endometrial cancer for at least eight years following discontinuation of its use. DMPA did not alter the risk of cervical cancer. Fertility returns in 70% of former users within 12 months; it is suitable for postpartum and lactating women, and provides other noncontraceptive benefits.
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PMID:Injectable contraception: the USA perspective. 1234 20

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a rare clinical-radiologic syndrome. There are reports that RPLS may be associated with cancer therapy including some chemotherapy drugs and antiangiogenic drugs. This paper reported a case of RPLS induced by apatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. A 47-year-old cervical cancer patient was administered apatinib, and 3 months later, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, and hypertension appeared. She was diagnosed with RPLS by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After apatinib discontinuation and normotensive treatment, her symptoms completely reversed. Antiangiogenic drugs potentially damage the balance of the blood-brain barrier by directly injuring vascular endothelial cells, resulting in the occurrence of RPLS. This case is the first report of RPLS induced by apatinib.
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PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome induced by apatinib: a case report and literature review. 3010 82