Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of a middle-aged man who suffered a cerebral infarction resulting from dissection of a vertebral artery associated with morning blood pressure surge. A 56-year-old man was transferred to our hospital with dizziness and vomiting in the early morning on a cold day in winter. He reported that he had been standing in front of the sink after bathing when he suddenly felt dizzy and fell down. He did not lose consciousness, and by the time he reached the hospital by ambulance, his dizziness had subsided, but he complained of severe headache and vomited 3 times. On admission, he was alert, and there were no neurological or radiological abnormalities (CT, MR angiography) in the brain. However, infarction in the left cerebellar hemisphere was detected by brain MRI on the 5th day of hospitalization. String sign of the left vertebral artery was noted by angiography, confirming the diagnosis of dissection of the left vertebral artery. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed after discharge. Although the mean 24-h blood pressure was in the normal range, a marked morning blood pressure rise was observed. We speculated that the acute rise of blood pressure in the early morning might have contributed to the dissection of the vertebral artery.
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PMID:A case of vertebral artery dissection associated with morning blood pressure surge. 1647 Nov 79

Vertigo is one of the most common reasons for a patient to consult the general practitioner, and in the elderly in particular the underlying cause may be varied. Dizziness is not infrequently a side effect of medication, or may be associated with depression. Other possible causes include orthostatic dysregulation, hyperventilation, heart disease, equilibrium disorders, visual problems, paroxysmal positioning vertigo,TIA, cerebral infarction or the presence of a tumor.
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PMID:[Vertigo in the elderly]. 1761 64

A certain family with a history of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in which several members suffered cerebral infarction (CI) for 3 successive generations is reported. The first case is a 54-year-old female who suffered from medial longitudinal fasciculus syndrome caused by a lesion on the pons. The second case is the son of the first case and is a 28-year-old male who suffered from left hemiparesis by a lesion on the corona radiata. The third case is the mother of the first case and is a 77-year-old female who suffered from dizziness as a result of cerebellar lacunae. All 3 patients showed a marked elevation of their serum cholesterol level without any apparent history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our cases are peculiar and unique because the patients are of 3 successive generations who suffer from CI without any apparent history of CHD. Moreover, the latter generations are having CI at younger ages. The mechanism of CI was thought to be the occlusion of the arteriole by the increased viscosity associated with other risk factors rather than the apparent arteriosclerosis in our cases. Although FH is often associated with a high incidence of CHD, the information about the occurrence of CI has not always been available. The patients may suffer from CI more frequently than was previously thought. We hope to point out the need for such FH patients to be carefully monitored and to be treated as a high-risk group for CI as well as CHD.
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PMID:Familial hypercholesterolemia: a family who suffered cerebral infarction over three successive generations. 1790 64

Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is one of the frequently prescribed drugs for men with erectile dysfunction. We describe a 52-year-old man with bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction after sildenafil use. He ingested 100 mg of sildenafil and about 1 h later, he complained of chest discomfort, palpitation and dizziness followed by mental obtundation, global aphasia and left hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging documented acute bilateral hemispheric infarction, and cerebral angiography showed occluded bilateral MCA. Despite significant bilateral MCA stenosis and cerebral infarction, systemic hypotension persisted for a day. We presume that cerebral infarction was caused by cardioembolism with sildenafil use.
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PMID:Bilateral cerebral hemispheric infarction associated with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) use. 1829 Aug 52

Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is caused by hypoplasia of a vertebral artery or stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery or the brachiocephalic artery with subsequent retrograde filling of the subclavian artery via the contralateral vertebral artery. Symptoms of SSS are due to vertbrobasilar insufficiency or ischemia of the ipsilateral upper extremity, and they may include dizziness, syncope, ataxia, arm claudication, hand numbness or a decrease in brachial blood pressure on the affected side. However, most SSS cases are asymptomatic and they are classified as subclavian steal phenomenon (SSP). Atherosclerosis is the common cause of SSS, and Takayasu arteritis, neurofibromatosis, trauma, embolization, congenital vascular anomalies and surgical interruption of the subclavian artery can be identified among the other causes. We describe a rare case of hypervascular thyroid nodule presenting with features of SSP. The patient was hospitalized with acute cerebral infarction due to middle cerebral artery (MCA) severe stenosis. The patient had conservative therapy in the acute stage, and underwent STA-MCA anastomosis for MCA stenosis in the chronic stage. SSS was asymptomatic although there was laterality in blood pressure in the patient's bilateral upper limbs. Thyroid tumor was regarded as benign by radiological findings, laboratory data, and physical examination. If SSS becomes symptomatic, removal of the thyroid tumor may be indicated.
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PMID:[Subclavian steal phenomenon associated with hypervascular thyroid tumor]. 2052 19

Extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) was initiated at the recommended maximum dose 800 mg and maintained at the same dose in five patients with schizophrenia. Although the loadings of quetiapine XR were well tolerated in four patients in these five cases, one patient with a history of cerebral infarction developed serious side-effects, notably bladder distention and dizziness. This case series indicates that loading with maximum dose quetiapine XR may be tolerable and used safely in most schizophrenia patients with no other concurrent disease such as brain infarction.
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PMID:High-dose loading with extended release quetiapine. 2083 51

Ibudilast, a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is clinically used in patients with stroke or dizziness. However, whether the compound exerts a beneficial effect on acute ischemic stroke remains to be established. We used a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion, and explored the effects of ibudilast on infarction size, brain edema, atrophy, and nerve cell death. Neurological outcomes (behavior and mortality) of rats were also assessed. An intravenous administration of ibudilast attenuated the size of cerebral infarction in a dose-dependent manner, with the most significant reduction achieved at the dose of 10mg/kg. Ibudilast induced a significant reduction in infarct size when administered 30min before MCAO or 0-2h after reperfusion, with the largest reduction observed at 30min before MCAO and 1h after reperfusion. Ibudilast significantly attenuated brain edema formation, cerebral atrophy and apoptosis of nerve cells preferentially in the cortical penumbra area, and also significantly reduced mortality and improved neurological outcomes. Expression of various inflammatory mediator molecules in both hemispheres was markedly suppressed by ibudilast. We conclude that ibudilast exerts beneficial effects against acute brain ischemia in an animal model.
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PMID:Ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity, protects against ischemic brain injury in rats. 2213 56

We report here the case of a suprasellar cystic germ cell tumor (GCT) initially diagnosed as an arachnoid cyst. A 10-year-old boy experienced headache, dizziness, and diplopia, and was shown to have an approximately 2 cm suprasellar cyst. Two months after endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed, a 5-6 cm cystic mass with an internal enhancing component was observed in the suprasellar cistern. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels were slightly increased in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (55 and 162 IU/L, respectively) but were strikingly elevated in the cystic fluid (14,040 IU/L). The patient showed complete remission, with only a very small cystic lesion remaining after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment for a suprasellar mixed GCT. However, follow-up after treatment was complicated by moyamoya syndrome and cerebral infarction. GCT can be considered as a rare differential diagnosis in the case of a suprasellar cystic mass. Evaluation of tumor markers and close follow-up will be necessary.
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PMID:A suprasellar cystic germ cell tumor initially diagnosed as an arachnoid cyst. 2490 91

Patients with bilateral vertebral artery occlusion have a high incidence of cerebral infarction with poor prognosis. Infarction of bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported in literature. A 74-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of dizziness and walking instability for 13 d. Brain magnetic resonance image showed acute bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle infarction. Digital subtraction angiography showed occlusion of the initiation part of left vertebral artery and whole right vertebral artery, while a large amount of collateral circulations and recanalization were observed. After volume expansion, anti-platelet aggregation and lipid-lowering therapy, the symptoms disappeared. The patient was followed up for 10 months and he recovered well.
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PMID:[Bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle infarcts caused by bilateral vertebral artery occlusion: a case report]. 2537 45

Dizziness is a common complaint in neurology departments. We sought to identify the relationship between dizziness and cervical artery stenosis, as assessed using cervical computed tomographic angiography. From 1 January 2012 to 20 April 2014, we prospectively and continuously collected the demographic characteristics, clinical data, and chief complaints of all hospitalized patients aged between 20 and 80 years who underwent computed tomographic angiography at our medical center. Altogether, 5796 hospitalized patients were enrolled in this study. After propensity-score matching, a matched cohort of 1139 patients in a dizziness group and 1139 patients in a nondizziness group was created. The proportion of patients with vertebrobasilar artery stenosis was larger in the dizziness group than in the nondizziness group (13.3 vs. 7.6% in the matched cohort) and was especially larger among patients with stroke histories (19.4 vs. 11.2% in the matched cohort). In the logistic regression, dizziness did not significantly predict carotid artery stenosis (P>0.01). Age, male sex, and hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, or demyelinating diseases were the predictors of carotid artery stenosis that remained after adjustment (P<0.01). Patients with dizziness faced nearly twice the risk for vertebrobasilar artery stenosis than did those without dizziness (P<0.01). The other independent predictors of vertebrobasilar artery stenosis were age, male sex, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhage (P<0.01). Patients with dizziness faced nearly twice the risk for vertebrobasilar artery stenosis than did those without dizziness, whereas dizziness did not significantly predict carotid artery stenosis.
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PMID:The relationship between dizziness and cervical artery stenosis. 2651 35


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