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 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Miconazole, a new imidazole antimycotic agent, was given intravenously to five children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis over an 18-month period. There was marked improvement of mucosa and skin in two patients, moderate-to-milk improvement in two, and no improvement in one. Nail lesions were not improved in any patient. Adverse reactions included phlebitis, pruritus, nausea and dizziness, rash, wheezing, mild transient anemia, and mild transient transaminase (SGOT and SGPT) elevations; it was necessary to discontinue treatment in only one patient. No renal toxocity was noted. Miconazole appears to be a relatively safe and promising alternative to amphotericin B in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
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PMID:Miconazole in the treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: a preliminary report. 90 25

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first diagnosed in burundi in 1983 when a large number of patients were registered with Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptococcal meningitis, and disseminated candidiasis. In the 1st phase of the disease the vi rus is dormant. In the 2nd phase seroconversion appears; and in the 3rd phase generalized adenopathy emerges. In the 4th phase the full-blown disease appears as a result of cellular immunity deficit with emaciation, fever, sweating, chronic diarrhea, asthenia, blood parameter changes (lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, and specific immune disorders). The early phases can be diagnosed by serological tests. During 1989 a group of 155 patients with 1st signs of seropositivity were studied in the central hospital of Bugumbura. The available clinical diagnostic markers were: 56 cases of herpes, 26 cases of generalized adenopathy, 25 cases of inflammatory infiltration of paraganglionic zones, 13 abscesses and phlegmons, 8 cases of chronic proctitis, 8 prurigo cases, 7 cases of chronic pneumonia and bronchitis, 4 cases of paresis of the facial nerve, 4 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, 2 cases of fresh syphilis, 2 cases of anemia, asthenia, dizziness, and weight loss. Tomo- and zonographical X-ray study of the thorax of 80 patients aged 20-65 (51 men and 29 women) was performed. In 62 patients changes in the lungs were evident. In 2 patients tuberculosis of the lungs was diagnosed: miliary TB in a 26-year woman and disseminated TB in a 31-year man. 2 chronic and 3 bronchial, and 10 interstitial pneumonia cases were diagnosed in 15 patients with average age of 30 years. 4 patients had peribronchial and pneumonic infiltrations. In a group of 45 patients magnified picture showed no deformation in the lungs; and only 5 had respiratory organ pathology. Interstitial pneumonia was the most often diagnosed ailment by X-ray inpatients infected with HIV.
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PMID:[X-ray pulmonary manifestations in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. 196 22

The metabolic effects of the anti-fungal drug fluconazole were investigated in 18 women, 10 of whom were taking oral contraceptives, to examine whether this steroid antagonist has any effects primarily on hormone systems. The women, aged 29-40, took 50 mg fluconazole orally from Day 1 of their menstrual cycle for 21-28 days. Subjects kept a symptom diary, were tested weekly for hematological and liver function, and were checked for compliance by analyzing blood for drug by GLC. 5 women reported side effects: somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, increased appetite, headache (1) and nausea (1). No effects on liver function or menses were noted. The only significant findings were increases in serum thyroxine and testosterone in fluconazole-only subjects, and increases in insulin and apo-lipoprotein B in fluconazole-oral contraceptive subjects. Pills containing levonorgestrel were used by 9 women, desogestrel by 1. No significant differences were seen in estradiol, progesterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin, thyroid function, cortisol, glucose, C-peptide, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins. Thus it is unlikely that the short-term use of fluconazole for treatment of superficial mycoses, such as vulvovaginal candidiasis, will adversely affect steroid metabolism in women.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of low-dose fluconazole in healthy female users and non-users of oral contraceptives. 254 10

The first case of AIDS positively identified in a non-foreigner in Taiwan was a 25-year-old unmarried male who had practiced homosexuality for ten years. The patient began to have abdominal pain accompanied with loose stools and weight loss in June 1985, followed by fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and loss of memory. Facial hyperpigmentation and extensive oroesophageal candidiasis were noted. Laboratory studies showed severe lymphopenia with a reversed T-helper to T-suppressor ratio, cutaneous anergy and polyclonal gammopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were positive by ELISA and Western blot, and the virus was isolated from the blood. At autopsy, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, extensive CNS toxoplasmosis and early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were demonstrated. The detection of HIV in the adrenal medulla supports the consensus that the virus is neurotropic.
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PMID:An autopsy-proved case of AIDS in Taiwan. 330 20

The efficacy and safety associated with use of a single oral dose of 150 mg of fluconazole compared to administration of a 100 mg clotrimazole vaginal suppository twice a day for three days in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis were investigated. Involved in the prospective, double-blind, controlled trial conducted at a Bangkok hospital were 103 women with a confirmed diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis who were randomly assigned to a treatment group. Self-assessed clinical improvement was obtained within 1 week in 88.7% of women in the fluconazole group and 90.0% of those in the clotrimazole group. The mycologic cure rate at the 1-week follow-up visit was 79.2% in the fluconazole group and 80.0% in the clotrimazole group; at 4 weeks, these rates were 60.4% and 68.0%, respectively. 3 (5.7%) fluconazole users experienced nausea and 1 (1.9%) reported dizziness, while 11 (22.0%) clotrimazole acceptors had vaginal burning. This study suggests that fluconazole is equally as effective as the traditionally used antifungal agent clotrimazole. Although the former drug has the advantages of oral administration, single dosage, and minimal side effects, it is more expensive.
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PMID:Comparative study of fluconazole and clotrimazole for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. 748 5

Current evidence suggests that addition of the long-acting beta2-agonist salmeterol to an inhaled corticosteroid in patients with persistent asthma symptoms provides greater clinical benefit than doubling the dosage of the inhaled corticosteroid. Fixed combination salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in 3 different fluticasone propionate dosage strengths administered via the Diskus powder inhaler does not result in any untoward interaction that affects the pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic profiles of the individual drugs, or their adverse effect profiles - including the influence of the corticosteroid on plasma cortisol levels. Administration of fixed combination salmeterol/ fluticasone propionate to both adults and children with persistent asthma provides greater improvements in lung function than either agent alone, and at least equal effectiveness to the same dosages of the 2 agents given by separate powder inhalers. Preliminary reports indicate that combination therapy has also demonstrated superior efficacy to budesonide (fluticasone propionate dosages were 25% those of budesonide). The most commonly encountered adverse effects in clinical trials with combined salmeterol/fluticasone propionate therapy have been oropharyngeal candidiasis. hoarseness/dysphonia, throat irritation, headache, tachycardia/palpitations, tremor and dizziness (all in < or =5% of patients).
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PMID:Salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combination. 1040 Apr 6

In this paper, recipes for 41 herbal remedies used for treating 25 illnesses in traditional medicine in Swaziland are reported. Preparation of the herbal remedies involved the use of different parts of 47 species from 32 families, some of which have never been described previously in the flora of Swaziland. Descriptions of the plants used, the preparation of each remedy, dosage, route of administration and medical uses are reported. Some of the diseases the remedies are used to treat include asthma, backache, candidiasis, cardiac problems, cough, diarrhoea, dizziness, eye problems, constipation, menorrhagia, painful shoulders, scabies, threatened abortion, toothache, ulcers and vomiting among others. The remedies were obtained from traditional medical practitioners (TMPs) in an ethnomedical survey carried out in the Manzini region of Swaziland. Voucher samples of the plants used for the remedies were collected, identified and deposited in the National Herbarium of Swaziland.
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PMID:Some herbal remedies from Manzini region of Swaziland. 1174 3

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone, a new class of antibacterial with a unique mechanism of action, namely inhibition of the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex in the 50S bacterial ribosomal subunit. Linezolid is highly active against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive cocci, including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci; its spectrum of activity also includes some anaerobic bacteria. Linezolid has been studied in several randomized controlled trials for the treatment of patients with community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), urinary tract infections and bacteraemia. The available evidence suggests that linezolid is at least as effective as vancomycin for patients with nosocomial pneumonia, and there are some retrospective analyses supporting its superiority in comparison with vancomycin for MRSA nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia. Linezolid is more effective than glycopeptides, macrolides and beta-lactams for SSTIs. The limited available data for the treatment of patients with bacteraemia suggest that it may be a better treatment option than vancomycin and beta-lactams for these patients, but questions have arisen regarding patients with catheter-related bacteraemias. Compared with other antibacterials, linezolid is associated with a greater frequency of adverse events, mainly nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and headaches. Thrombocytopenia also occurs more frequently in patients taking linezolid but there is no increased frequency of anaemia. Other adverse events potentially related to linezolid therapy include fungal infections (moniliasis), hypertension and serotonin-like syndrome, tongue discolouration and taste alterations, dizziness, insomnia, rash and Clostridium difficile-related diarrhoea. The majority of adverse events develop after prolonged administration (i.e. >2 weeks) and subside shortly after discontinuation of linezolid. Peripheral or optic neuropathy, another possible adverse effect, is associated with an even longer duration of treatment (3-6 months). In conclusion, linezolid is an important treatment option for the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant, Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, in order to reduce the possibility of development of resistance and preserve its activity, the use of linezolid should be restricted to treatment of patients with infections associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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PMID:Benefit-risk assessment of linezolid for serious gram-positive bacterial infections. 1870 90