Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to determine the usual dose in the first line therapy and a high dose in the second or third line therapy, a dose finding study of a novel antiestrogen NK 622 (toremifene citrate) was performed in patients (pts) with advanced or recurrent breast cancer. NK 622 was orally administered daily once for more than 8 weeks. In pts without previous drug therapy or in pts with cancer relapse after adjuvant therapy, the response rates [(CR + PR)/total] were 24.1% (7/29), 13.8% (4/29), 20.0% (1/5) and 40.0% (2/5) at doses of 40, 60, 120 and 240 mg/day, respectively. A 40 mg/day dose showed an objective response only in postmenopausal pts with estrogen receptor (ER) positive or unknown cancer. At a dose of 60 mg/day, some of the responding cases were premenopausal pts or pts with ER(-) cancer. In pts with cancer relapse during adjuvant therapy or in those with previous therapy and/or radiation, response rates were 25.0% (2/8), 0% (0/4), 13.5% (5/37) and 10.3% (4/39) at doses of 40, 60, 120 and 240 mg/day, respectively. Response was more frequent in pts with ER (+) cancer than with ER (-) cancer. The response rates in pts with previous therapy including tamoxifen (TAM) except medroxyprogesterone (MPA) were 14.3% (4/28) at a 120 mg/day dose and 6.1% (2/33) at a 240 mg/day dose. In pts with previous therapy including TAM, MPA and other antitumor agents, the rate was 18.2% (2/11) at a 120 mg/day dose. Side effects such as elevation of GOT, GPT and serum Ca level, decrease of hemoglobin, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, dizziness and hot flush were observed. These side effects were moderate in grade and reversible. Dose dependency of side effects was not clearly observed in grade and incidence. From these results, NK 622 is expected to be a safe drug with efficacy in first line therapy at a dose of 40 mg/day and in second or third line therapy at a dose of 120 mg/day.
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PMID:[Phase II study of NK 622 (toremifene citrate) in advanced breast cancer, a multicentral cooperative dose finding study]. 842 89

Dazopride, a substituted benzamide structurally related to metoclopramide, is a potent gastric prokinetic agent that prevents cisplatin-induced emesis in animals. Unlike metoclopramide, dazopride has no effect on dopamine receptors and therefore should not produce extrapyramidal side effects. In this dose-ranging trial, 23 patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy known to produce nausea and vomiting received three i.v. infusions of dazopride every 2 h beginning 30 min before the chemotherapy. Seven dose levels were explored ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/kg in each of the three infusions. Toxicities were mild and included sedation, dizziness, visual disturbances, and headaches. All side effects were transient and were not dose-related. Antiemetic effects were observed. Dazopride can be safely given on this schedule at doses of up to 4.0 mg/kg to patients receiving chemotherapy. On the basis of the results of this trial, further studies of this agent are warranted.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1993
PMID:Dose-ranging evaluation of the substituted benzamide dazopride when used as an antiemetic in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. 845 82

Selective 5-HT3 antagonists have proven to be safe and effective for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Dolasetron is a new highly selective addition to this class of antiemetics that has been shown to have significant antiemetic activity in patients receiving cisplatin-containing regimens. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of dolasetron in cancer patients receiving doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamide. This study used an open-label, non-randomized design to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous dolasetron in the prevention of emesis in patients receiving doxorubicin (25-75 mg/m2) and/or cyclophosphamide (400-1200 mg/m2). Sixty-nine patients received a single, intravenous dose of dolasetron over 15-20 min beginning 30 min prior to the start of chemotherapy. Dose levels of dolasetron studied were: 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 mg/kg. Patients were monitored for emesis, nausea and adverse events for 24h after the start of chemotherapy. Overall, 61% of patients experienced complete control of emesis. No significant trend towards increased antiemetic efficacy (P = 0.076) or nausea control with increasing dolasetron dose was noted, although the power to detect significant differences was limited by the small number of patients on the 0.3-mg/kg and 2.4-mg/kg dose levels. Age, gender, and type of chemotherapy were significant predictors of complete antiemetic control. Adverse events were generally mild and included headache, chills, lightheadedness, fever, diarrhea, dizziness, and asymptomatic prolongation of ECG intervals. Intravenous dolasetron is safe and effective in the prevention of emesis induced by doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamide.
Support Care Cancer 1996 Mar
PMID:Dose-ranging evaluation of the antiemetic efficacy of intravenous dolasetron in patients receiving chemotherapy with doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide. 867 51

We report a case of adrenal myelolipoma found incidentally during abdominal ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) examinations for hypertension. The patient was a 34-year-old woman with a history of hypertension. In June 1992, she complained of dizziness and easy fatigability and went to a hospital, where she was diagnosed as very hypertensive. She was hospitalized for further examinations. Abdominal US and CT incidentally revealed a right adrenal tumor. The tumor was visualized as a hyperechoic mass on US and an inhomogeneous low density mass with inner fat density and focal calcification on CT. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging visualized the tumor as a high signal intensity mass on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Since the tumor was relatively large and the possibility of malignancy could not be completely excluded, resection of the tumor was performed. The resected tumor, which measured 5.2 x 3.8 x 2.5 cm, was located in the right adrenal medulla and was composed of mature fat cells and bone marrow elements, with all the developmental stages of hematopoietic cells. Small areas of fresh hemorrhage and calcification were found. The fat cell component showed focal myxoid change, but there were no immature or atypical cells. These features were consistent with myelolipoma. The clinical and pathologic features of adrenal myelolipoma are discussed.
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PMID:Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland found incidentally during abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography examinations. 872 77

What are the earliest indications of cancer? What prompts an apparently healthy person to suspect that 'something may be wrong'? The first manifestations may involve a growing awareness of neuronal dysfunction, such as headaches, dizziness, physical degeneration or vision abnormalities. While denial may extend the time between the patient's appreciation of the health hazard, particularly if the indications are subtle, a sudden decline in vision may be one of the most readily perceived, and provide the strongest stimulation to seek medical help. Cancer-induced neuropathies are rare but provide much information on the genesis of a defined group of autoimmune reactions, and the biological mechanisms involved. The secondary effects of neoplasia, collectively termed paraneoplasia, are often the first indication of cancer. Sudden weight loss is one of the most recognised early signs, and is known to result from biochemical effects on tissues distant from the site of the growth. More recently, immunologic phenomena have been implicated in a series of different paraneoplasia. Examples, such as Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), paraneoplastic cerebellar degenerations (PCD) and cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) can be identified immunologically through the detection of autoantibody reactions with defined proteins. Interest in the clinical significance of paraneoplastic-associated immunologic reactions increased following the recognition of their strong disease association; PCD patients produce autoantibodies reactive with brain proteins, LEMS patients with muscle components and CAR patients with ocular antigens. Blood tests designed to detect these unusual autoantibody reactions are now in commercial use to identify different forms of paraneoplasia, sometimes before the neoplasm responsible has been identified. The cause of paraneoplasia-related autoimmune reactions has, in some cases, been traced to the patient's cancer, an immunologic connection based upon research findings and published reports of biopsies and cultures that actively express the key proteins involved in cancer-associated organ-specific hypersensitivity.
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PMID:Cancer-induced retinal hypersensitivity. 891 51

A few studies indicate a dose-response effect of the antiemetic metopimazine. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the tolerability of increasing doses of metopimazine given orally every 4 h for eleven doses. The dose levels 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg and 60 mg were studied in 36 patients completing 46 cycles of chemotherapy. Serum concentrations of metopimazine and the acid metabolite AMPZ were measured by HPLC in 13 patients (15 cycles). The dose-limiting toxicity was moderate to severe dizziness caused by orthostatic hypotension as seen in 0, 0, 17%, 42% and 50% of patients at the respective dose levels. Other side effects were few and mild, and only a single possible extrapyramidal adverse event was observed in a patient at the 60-mg dose. High serum concentrations were not predictive for toxicity, as found on comparison of patients with and without symptoms, but in individual patients symptoms were seen at the time of Cmax. We found that metopimazine was safe with a dosage of 30 mg x 6. This dose is four times higher than that previously recommended for antiemetic use.
Support Care Cancer 1997 Jan
PMID:Dose-finding study of oral metopimazine. 901 Sep 88

The aim was to examine the feasibility of a study of centenarians and to describe morbidity and functional capacity of centenarians in the County of Funen. A total of 51 out of 58 centenarians on Funen born on May 1, 1894 or before participated. An interview could be carried out almost completely in 80.4% of the 51 participants, cognitive testing (MMSE) in 78.4% and physical performance test (PPT) in 49%. Additional information on morbidity and activities of daily living (ADL) was collected on all 51 centenarians from family members, nursing staff, GP's, hospital registries and the National Cancer Registry. Almost 3/4 were women and 58.8% were in an old people's home. Osteoarthrosis, urinary incontinence, heart failure, dizziness and eye diseases were found to be frequently prevalent, while hypertension, diabetes, cancer and stroke were found to be rare. Based on Katz' ADL index approx. 1/3 could be considered to be independent of help, while almost everybody was dependent on help for the instrumental activities (IADL). A low average score was found at the PPT, especially the walking speed was found to be very slow. Only 32.5% scored over 23 points at the MMSE, but allowing for severe impairment of vision and hearing more than 1/3 were found to be cognitively well-functioning. Severe dementia was found among 15.7%. Dependency on help for the ADL-functions was not found to be associated with health measurement, but strongly associated with visual function, PPT and MMSE (p < 0.001). The characterization of centenarians as described in a number of foreign studies as being an homogeneous, relatively healthy and independent group could therefore not be confirmed. On the contrary, they were found to be very heterogeneous and characterized by multi-morbidity. By far the great part of them were in addition dependent on help in their activities of daily life. Approx. 1/3, however, were found to be relatively independent of help for basic functions, more than 1/3 were cognitively well-functioning, and a very small number could even manage a few outdoor functions by themselves.
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PMID:[Centenarians in the county of Funen. Morbidity and functional capacity]. 901 57

This study focused on the physiopsychological reactions to the stress of parents of children with cancer in China. Eighty-nine families who had a child with cancer were recruited into four groups: group A, the child was newly diagnosed with cancer; group B, the child was under treatment for cancer; group C, the child had relapsed and was not expected to live; and group D, the child with cancer had already died. Interviews were conducted in Cantonese. The semistructured interviews were conducted in the hospital or in the home. Specific questions were asked regarding colds, headaches, dizziness, loss of appetite, and weight loss. The Parent Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Parent's Support Scale (PSS) were administered. Results indicated that parents most often reported symptoms of loss of appetite, weight loss, and sleeping difficulty, followed by headache, dizziness, and, least of all, colds. Mothers experience more symptoms than fathers. Only in the newly diagnosed group and the under treatment group did the fathers report having had more colds than the mothers. Parents rated the child's death as having caused the highest stress, followed by the terminal stage and the diagnosis. Spouses received the highest rating for being supportive, across all groups.
Cancer Nurs 1997 Apr
PMID:Distress symptoms and support systems of Chinese parents of children with cancer. 914 57

A prospective phase II study was conducted to define the analgesic efficacy, acceptability and toxicity of the transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) of fentanyl in Chinese patients with severe cancer-related pain. A total of 14 patients was treated with TTS fentanyl at doses ranging from 25 to 100 micrograms h-1; initial doses were chosen according to their previous opioid requirement. Standard supportive therapy was given as required. A brief pain inventory (using a 10-point scale) was used to assess patients at days 0, 7 and 14. Pain control on day 14 with TTS fentanyl was successful in six patients, with a reduction in the common side-effects of other opioids and improvement in general well-being. Seven patients did not complete the 14-day trial: two developed dizziness and nausea within 3 h of application; and in five, TTS fentanyl was insufficiently flexible to control increasing pain during the first week. TTS fentanyl was effective and well tolerated in 43% of patients. Acute dizziness and nausea within the first few hours after application and the relative inflexibility of dose-adjustment both limited the use of TTS fentanyl.
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PMID:Transdermal fentanyl for severe cancer-related pain. 920 57

The study was planned to compare, in a prospective double-blind randomized trial, the efficacy and safety of toremifene (TOR) and tamoxifen (TAM) in post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer who have not had prior systemic therapy for advanced disease. Four hundred and fifteen post-menopausal patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive or ER-unknown advanced breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive daily either 60 mg TOR or 40 mg TAM. The patients were stratified to measurable and non-measurable but evaluable groups. They were assessed for response to therapy, time to progression (TTP), time to treatment failure (TTF), response duration, overall survival and drug toxicity. Two hundred and fourteen patients were randomized into TOR and 201 into TAM treatment. The response rate (complete + partial) was 31.3% for TOR and 37.3% for TAM (P = 0.215). The 95% confidence interval (CI) for the 6% difference was -15.1% to 3.1%. The median TTP was 7.3 months for TOR and 10.2 months for TAM (P = 0.047). The 95% CI for the hazard ratio of 0.80 was 0.64-1.00. A percentage of the TOR patients (9.8%) and the TAM patients (18.9%) discontinued the treatment prematurely (P = 0.011) for various reasons. Consequently, the median TTF of 6.3 vs 8.5 months did not differ significantly (P = 0.271). The hazard ratio was 0.89 and the subsequent 95% CI 0.73-1.09. The median overall survival was 33.0 months for TOR and 38.7 months for TAM (P = 0.645). The hazard ratio was 0.94 with 95% CI of 0.73-1.22. The transient difference in TTP may be related to an imbalance in ER content of the tumours. When only patients with ER-positive tumours were considered (n = 238), no difference between two treatments was seen (P = 0.578). TAM was associated with an overall slightly higher frequency of adverse drug reactions than TOR (44.3 vs 39.3%) and a higher discontinuation rate due to these events (3.5% vs 0.9%). Treatment-emerged moderate dizziness (P = 0.026) and cataracts (P = 0.026) were more frequent among TAM than among TOR patients. In conclusion, TOR (60 mg day(-1)) and TAM (40 mg day(-1)) are equally effective and safe in the treatment of advanced post-menopausal ER-positive or ER-unknown breast cancer.
Br J Cancer 1997
PMID:Comparison of toremifene and tamoxifen in post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer: a randomized double-blind, the 'nordic' phase III study. 923 32


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