Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012833 (dizziness)
 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dizziness in childhood is not an infrequent symptom, but epileptic vertigo is a rare condition in children. Here we report an 8-year-old Japanese boy with epileptic vertiginous seizures. At age 8 years, he visited Nippon Medical School Hospital because of a ten day history of dizziness. The dizziness occurred more than twenty times a day and he was hospitalized. On physical examination, the patient appeared normal and there were no abnormal neurological findings, including eye movement and cerebellar signs. Ophthalmoscopy, otoscopy, vestibular function test and hearing test were normal. Computerized tomography scanning and MR imaging of the head revealed no significant abnormality. The dizziness observed on admission comprised sudden brief attacks of rotatory sensation without amnesia regarding the event. Sometimes the attacks were accompanied by tremor like movement and numbness of the right hand, followed by postictal unsteadiness. Interictal EEG revealed spike-and-wave complexes in the central region dominantly in the light sleep stage. On ictal EEG, seizure discharges were observed to begin in the left central region and they increased in amplitude and subsequently propagated to the frontal and occipital regions. These findings were most suggestive of partial seizures. The patient was treated with carbamazepine and the seizures became well under control.
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PMID:[Epileptic vertiginous seizure in a Japanese boy: a case report]. 894 Aug 79

We present a case of retrosplenial amnesia following an infarction in the right retrosplenial region. A 62-year-old male showed mild weakness of the left hand, dizziness and gait disturbance. He also noticed that he could not perceive objects that he saw as real, but could perceive an object as real only by touching it. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an infarction in the splenium of the corpus callosum and retrosplenial region on the right side. There was no aphasia or apraxia, but mild topographic disturbance was present. Intelligence was normal, but amnesia was noted. Both verbal and visual memory were disturbed equally. This case suggests that memory plays a role in the right retrosplenial region.
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PMID:Amnesia following infarction in the right retrosplenial region. 921 53

Syncope and falls are often considered to be two separate diagnoses with two separate sets of aetiologies. However, although it remains controversial, the existence of an overlap between syncope and falls is becoming increasingly acknowledged. In the elderly, determining the cause of a fall can be difficult. Approximately 30% of cognitively normal elderly people are unable to recall documented falls three months later and a witness account for syncopal events is unavailable in about 50% of patients. We have found that in almost 40% of patients in whom an attributable diagnosis of carotid sinus syndrome was made, the only presenting symptoms were falls alone or falls with dizziness; syncope was denied. Amnesia for loss of consciousness can be demonstrated in over 20% of all patients with a diagnosis of carotid sinus syndrome and in 50% of those patients who present only with falls or falls and dizziness. There is a suggestion from studies in postprandial hypotension and orthostatic hypotension, where similar haemodynamic changes are found in patients complaining of either syncope or falls, that this phenomenon may be generalisable. The importance of the presence of an overlap between syndrome and falls in the elderly lies in the healthcare implications of missed diagnoses of cardiovascular syncope for which there are established effective treatments. Consideration of syncope in the differential diagnosis of unexplained falls should reduce the numbers of falls for which no attributable diagnosis is found and result in an improved standard of health care for elderly patients who fall.
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PMID:The overlap between syncope and falls in the elderly. 949 72

About 35% of subjects with head injury (HI) suffer from postconcussion syndrome (PCS). These disturbances can be chronic or even permanent. Such patients are discharged from hospital without any apparent problems, but it is often the case that their families, and sometimes even they themselves, start to notice the emergence of new problems. They may exhibit affective changes, such as thinking that they are worthless, alone and without any future perspectives. When they are left without the help of specialists and/or family and friends, their problems gain even greater significance. PCS includes subjective physical complaints (i.e. headache, dizziness) and cognitive, emotional and behavioral changes. PCS influences all areas of the patient's life. Subjects who have sustained head injury often have problems with marital relationships, maintaining of independence, employment, leisure activities and other functions which are related to social adjustment. Various studies have attempted to predict the post-injury status of HI patients from information available, such as data on the severity of head injury, the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and the results of neuropsychological assessment. This kind of prediction is important in planning of rehabilitation services and thus improving the kind of help available to survivors of HI. Early prediction of post-injury psychological status may also help the patient and his family in coping with the difficulties related to the trauma. We know a great deal about head injury and its consequences, but many questions still need to be answered. Among these are issues such as: the role of neurobehavioral data in the prediction of outcome for HI patients, the identification of variables determining the extent of PCS and the search for reliable factors which may influence future employment or school status. The assessment of patients for invalidity and other social security benefits also requires a more rational approach, based on the data available.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis and psychosocial consequences of post-concussion syndrome]. 951 61

Post-concussion symptoms (PCS) (such as headaches, irritability, anxiety, dizziness, fatigue and impaired concentration) are frequently experienced by patients who have sustained a minor head injury (MHI). The post-concussion syndrome has been defined as a clinical state where 3 or more symptoms persist for more than 3 months. This report focuses on the quantification of PCS according to the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). We studied 100 consecutive patients with MHI and normal computed tomography of the brain. At 3 months after injury, 62% reported the presence of one or more symptoms, and 40% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for post-concussion syndrome. Patients with post-concussion syndrome had significantly (P < 0.001) higher RPQ scores (mean 19.1, SD 11.9) than those without (mean 1.2, SD 1.8). Patients on sick leave owing to the injury reported significantly (P = 0.05) higher RPQ scores (mean 10.3, SD 13.2) than those not on sick leave (mean 5.5, SD 8.6). We observed no association between age, gender, cause of injury, severity of injury, duration of amnesia and RPQ score. RPQ score provides useful information about the severity of PCS regardless of whether the diagnostic criteria for the post-concussion syndrome are met or not.
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PMID:Quantification of post-concussion symptoms 3 months after minor head injury in 100 consecutive patients. 975

This study aimed to investigate outcome in adults with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 1 week and 3 months postinjury and to identify factors associated with persisting problems. A total of 84 adults with mild TBI were compared with 53 adults with other minor injuries as controls in terms of postconcussional symptomatology, behavior, and cognitive performance at 1 week and 3 months postinjury. At 1 week postinjury, adults with mild TBI were reporting symptoms, particularly headaches, dizziness, fatigue, visual disturbance, and memory difficulties. They exhibited slowing of information processing on neuropsychological measures, namely the WAIS-R Digit Symbol subtest and the Speed of Comprehension Test. By 3 months postinjury, the symptoms reported at 1 week had largely resolved, and no impairments were evident on neuropsychological measures. However, there was a subgroup of 24% of participants who were still suffering many symptoms, who were highly distressed, and whose lives were still significantly disrupted. These individuals did not have longer posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration. They were more likely to have a history of previous head injury, neurological or psychiatric problems, to be students, females, and to have been injured in a motor vehicle accident. The majority were showing significant levels of psychopathology. A range of factors, other than those directly reflecting the severity of injury, appear to be associated with outcome following mild TBI.
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PMID:Factors influencing outcome following mild traumatic brain injury in adults. 1093 76

Brain injury is classified clinically as severe, moderate or mild brain injury characteristics, including admission Glasgow coma score, duration of unconsciousness and post-traumatic amnesia and any focal neurological findings. Most traumatic brain injuries are classified as mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Headache, nausea and dizziness are frequent symptoms after MTBI and may continue for weeks to months after the trauma. MTBI may also be complicated by intracranial injuries. Experimental animal models and post-mortem studies have shown axonal damage and dysfunction in MTBI. This damage is mostly localized in the frontal lobes. Serum S-100 and NSE have been reported to be markers for the seventy of brain damage. In the literature, indications for radiodiagnostic evaluation following MTBI have been the subject of debate. Radiographs of the skull are used to exclude skull fractures, but are not useful for an evaluation of brain injury. Computed tomography of the brain seems to be the best way to exclude the development of relevant intracranial lesions. MTBI has a good clinical outcome, although a substantial group of patients develop post-concussional complaints (PCC). There is little information on the effectiveness of various methods suggested for reducing the frequency of PCC.
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PMID:Diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury. 1126 Jul 60

The abuse of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), flunitrazepam, ketamine hydrochloride, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is discussed. Club drugs are chemical substances used recreationally in social settings. Use is increasingly frequent among young people, especially during all-night dance parties. All four agents have been classified as controlled substances. MDMA ("ecstasy") is available as a tablet, a capsule, and a powder; formulations may contain many adulterants. MDMA increases the release of neurotransmitters. The desired effects are euphoria, a feeling of intimacy, altered visual perception, enhanced libido, and increased energy. The most common adverse effects are agitation, anxiety, tachycardia, and hypertension. More serious adverse effects include arrhythmias, hyperthermia, and rhabdomyolysis. Flunitrazepam is a potent benzodiazepine. At higher doses, the drug can cause lack of muscle control and loss of consciousness. Other adverse effects are hypotension, dizziness, confusion, and occasional aggression. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used primarily in veterinary practice. It may be injected, swallowed, snorted, or smoked. Like phencyclidine, ketamine interacts with the N-methyl-D-aspartate channel. Analgesic effects occur at lower doses and amnestic effects at higher doses. Cardiovascular and respiratory toxicity may occur, as well as confusion, hostility, and delirium. GHB, a naturally occurring fatty acid derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid, was introduced as a dietary supplement. Increasing doses progressively produce amnesia, drowsiness, dizziness, euphoria, seizures, coma, and death. Flunitrazepam, ketamine, and GHB have been used to facilitate sexual assault. Supportive care is indicated for most cases of club drug intoxication. The increasing abuse of MDMA, flunitrazepam, ketamine hydrochloride, and GHB, particularly by young people in social settings such as clubs, should put health care professionals on guard to recognize and manage serious reactions.
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PMID:Club drugs: methylenedioxymethamphetamine, flunitrazepam, ketamine hydrochloride, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate. 1206 92

The neurotological workup of patients with minor head trauma was carried out prospectively. The preliminary results of the ongoing study were derived from 38 subjects (12 female, 26 male) at an average age of 33.5 years. All had been hospitalized after having suffered minimum head trauma followed by a temporary loss of consciousness, by amnesia, or by vomitting. The 38 subjects underwent the examination within 72 hours of the event and were summoned for a follow-up visit 3 months later. The anamnestic data show that the most frequent complaint was dizziness (81%). Tinnitus was noted in fewer than one-half of the patients, with a variety of descriptions. Twenty-six percent complained of hearing loss. The correlation between reported hearing loss and the finding on subsequent behavioral audiometry (within 72 hours after the event) was studied. The sensitivity of hearing loss (as complaint) was found to be only 40%, but its specificity was much higher at 83%. The overall equilibrium reflected in the composite score of the sensory testing in computed dynamic posturography actually worsened between tests. A good correlation was found between posturography results and symptomatology. We concluded that, after minor head trauma, most patients suffer from dizziness, and more than one-half complain of tinnitus or hearing loss. The unsteadiness does not subside within 3 months after concussion. A more protracted follow-up is required to summarize the outcome of head injury from a neurootological point of view. A clear correlation is found between complaints and posturography results. After minor head trauma, pure vestibular injuries are much less frequent than are central lesions. Motor dysfunction is less frequent than are the sensory abnormalities.
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PMID:Results of otovestibular tests in mild head injuries. 1468 50

Concussions remain one of the most troublesome injuries sports physicians face. Studies suggest recovery takes hours to weeks, but at what point is the concussed brain no longer at increased risk for reinjury is unknown. Physicians must be alert to the symptoms of concussion and be familiar with the available tools to assess neurocognitive dysfunction. Prospectively validated signs and symptoms include amnesia, loss of consciousness, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, attention deficit, memory, postural instability, and nausea. A player with any signs or symptoms of a concussion should not be allowed to return to the current game or practice and should be monitored closely for deterioration of symptoms. Return-to-play should be individually based and proceed in a step-wise manner. The ongoing risk-benefit analysis of return-to-play must currently be based on experience, corollary data from traumatic brain injuries in animals and humans, and limited prospective data with sports-related concussions.
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PMID:Sideline management of sport-related concussions. 1713 69


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