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 9,689 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study comparing 2 triphasic hormonal contraceptive preparations (combinations of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel) is reported. SH B 264 AB was used by 594 women for 6628 cycles with no pregnancies, while 634 women used SH B 261 AB for 6025 cycles with 1 pregnancy. A lower incidence of breakthrough bleeding and spotting was observed among SH B 264 AB users, and this preparation ("Triquilon") is preferred to the other. Triquilon users had a menstrual cycle length of 26-30 days and an amenorrhea rate of .4%. There was a low rate of breakthrough bleedings and spottings, which was higher when patients forgot to take their pills. In the vast majority of Triquilar users, body weight and blood pressure remained constant. Subjective side effects (e.g. nausea, dizziness, headache) were infrequent and decreased as the length of Triquilar use increased. A separate study of 1440 cycles of Triquilar use and 1343 cycles of Microgynon use showed that, while the contraceptive effectiveness was the same, the incidence of breakthrough bleeding and spotting was significantly less frequent among Triquilar users.
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PMID:[The first three-stage preparation for hormonal contraception. Clinical results (author's transl)]. 11 12

10 amenorrhea-patients and 5 galactorrhea-amenorrhea-patients were treated wi2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) as a specific prolactin inhibitor. Side-effects, such as headaches, dizziness, and nausea could be reduced to a minimum by delivering the drug with the meal at night. Before and under the treatment hormone levels were determined in plasma and 24-hour-urine. In the beginning all 15 patients showed a hyperprolactinaemia with a nearly always simultaneously existing hypogonadotropinaemia and the absence of LH-peaks. Also the estrogen- and progesterone-concentrations were on the lower normal level or extremely suppressed. In all patients CB 154 therapy led to a quick decrease of the prolactin levels, to a regaining of typical LH- and FSH-episodes, as well as to a regeneration of ovarian function. 5 women reacted with an ovulation, 3 became pregnant. The galactorrhea diminished significantly and stopped finally after a treatment of one week to 6 months. Discontinuation of CB 154-therapy, however, often provoked the galactorrhea-amenorrhea-syndrome again. For women with normoprolactinaemic amenorrhea a gestagen- and estrogen-test were carried out in order to classify the amenorrhea-type and it was tried to induce an ovulation with Dyneric. For patients with a strong desire for children and without any organic cause for their sterility, in cases of ovarian insufficiency grade I and II a HMG-HCG-treatment was often indicated. In spite of a precise control in order to avoid an overstimulation of the ovaries about 1% of the Dyneric-treated and even 30% of the HMG-HCG-treated patients developed ovarian cysts. In spite of high doses of gonadotropins only 32,5% of our sterility-patients (group I and II) became pregnant, whereas about 60% of the hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhea-patients (group VI) conceived under CB 154 treatment.
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PMID:[Hyper- and normoprolactinaemia with amenorrhea and galactorrhea-amenorrhea-syndrom (author's transl)]. 58 43

The results are reported of the administration of dydrogesterone, 5 mg twice daily, to 49 patients with endometriosis. All but five patients were symptom-free after nine months of therapy. Most subjective symptoms had disappeared within four to eight weeks; dyspareunia usually took longer. In 30 out of 32 patients who had a culdoscopy after one or two treatment courses, a 'cure' of endometriosis was confirmed. Ten out of nineteen infertile patients became pregnant following treatment. The only side-effects were transient mastalgia and dizziness in two patients. No amenorrhoea or other disturbances of the menstrual cycle were reported.
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PMID:Dydrogesterone and endometriosis. 125 80

The Norplant System consists of 6 capsules each containing 36 mg of crystal line levonorgestrel (LNG), for a total dose of 216 mg LNG. The capsules are inserted subdermally in the mid-upper arm, and LNG diffuses continuously through the capsule walls for 5 years. In the United States the Norplant System was approved in December 1990. The initial rate of hormone delivery is about 85 mcg/day, then decreases over the next 9 months to 5 mcg/day, and over the ensuing 9 months to 35 mcg/day. Thereafter, the diffusion rate levels off for the next 3.5 years, averaging around 30-35 mcg/day. Removal results in a drop in the plasma concentration of levonorgestrel to below contraceptive levels within 24 hours and below the detectable limit of .1 pg/ml at 96 hours. Preliminarily data from 402 users over 5 years show improvements of Norplant produced better efficacy in all weight classes and a lowered cumulative rate of 1.1 pregnancies of 100 users. The pregnancy rate for the first year of use is 02., better than for oral contraceptives. Side effects include headache, nervousness, nausea, dizziness, dermatitis, acne, change of appetite, breast tenderness, minimal weight gain, some change in hair distribution, and adnexal enlargement. Adverse reactions include breast discharge, possible cervicitis, musculoskeletal pain, abdominal discomfort, leukorrhea, and vaginitis. More than the usual number of bleeding days occurred in slightly more than one fourth of the patients, prolonged bleeding in 27.6% spotting in 17.1% and amenorrhea in 9.4% of patients. Hyperlipidemic users should be observed for possible low-density lipoprotein elevations. The cumulative discontinuation rate for pregnancy was 3.9 per 100 users; for bleeding irregularities the rate was 25.1 per 100 users, and for other medical results it was about 22.4 per 100 users. Personal reasons for discontinuation accounted for 38.7 per 100 users, equivalent to a cumulative continuation rate of about 30 per 100 users over the 5-year duration.
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PMID:The NORPLANT system of contraception. 168 4

The mean of the Norplant usage period of 338 acceptors was 44.4 months. Most users had poor education and low incomes; the lower their socioeconomic status, the longer they used the Norplant implant. Return to fertility 3 months after removal was 38.46%; after 6 months, 71.43%; after 9 months, 74.46%; and after 12 months, 75%. The continuation rate at year one was 82.84%; year 2, 74.85%; year 3, 68.34%; year 4, 64.79%; while year 5 was 8.58%. The mean removal time was 21 minutes. There was a very significant difference between trained and untrained removers in the duration of removal. The average number of capsules removed was 5.64. There was no significant difference between trained and untrained removers in successful capsule removal. Reasons for removal were expired date and non-medical complaints such as changing to other contraceptives and the wish to become pregnant; medical complaints were dizziness, vertigo, spotting and amenorrhea. Removal was prompted by acne, metrorrhagia, two or more medical complaints, menorrhagia, physical pain, tenderness at insertion site and spotting. There were no pregnancies found among acceptors. However, 5.92% of the acceptors were pregnant at the time of insertion because of misdiagnosis. It can be concluded that Norplant is effective, safe and acceptable but removal needs trained persons.
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PMID:The Norplant removal training and service at Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. 177 63

Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include previous ectopic pregnancy, current intrauterine device use, prior fallopian tube surgery, previous pelvic inflammatory disease and a prior history of infertility. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom, followed by amenorrhea or vaginal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, syncope and dizziness. Referred shoulder pain following the onset of abdominal pain is characteristic of intraperitoneal bleeding and, in the appropriate clinical setting, strongly suggests a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A coordinated evaluation includes measurement of serum human chorionic gonadotropin concentration and transabdominal or, preferably, transvaginal ultrasonography. Treatment is primarily by one of a variety of surgical techniques. Medical therapy with methotrexate or other drugs is currently under investigation.
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PMID:Management of ectopic pregnancy. 218 38

Thirteen women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea were treated with lisuride (Dopergin, Schering AG, Germany). The dosage of lisuride was started with 0.1 mg per day and increased to 0.2 mg per day after one week of treatment. Further increment of the drug depended on clinical and laboratory responses of the patients. One patient dropped out from the study due to marked nausea and dizziness. In ten out of twelve patients serum prolactin decreased to normal. Most patients received lisuride 0.2-0.4 mg per day. Only one got more than 0.4 mg per day. Two patients whose serum prolactin levels did not decrease to normal range had uterine bleeding, quite regularly. Menstrual cycle resumed within 23 to 141 days. All galactorrhea disappeared during treatment. Two of five patients who desired pregnancy became pregnant during the treatment. The course and outcome of pregnancies were normal. Common side effects of lisuride treatment were nausea and dizziness. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that lisuride is another effective prolactin inhibiting agent even at low dose. This drug provides an alternative treatment to bromocriptine.
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PMID:The efficacy of lisuride in the treatment of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. 235 12

Four multicentre clinical trials on interruption of early pregnancy (less than or equal to 49 days of amenorrhea) using RU 486 have been conducted in China, including 2321 subjects. The data from trials 1, 2 and 4 are presented here. RU 486 (600 mg as a single dose) was given to 299 women. A further 422 women were given RU 486 (600 mg) plus a vaginal suppository containing the Chinese domestic prostaglandin PGO5 (1 mg) 36-60 hours later. Complete abortion was achieved in 63.5% of patients receiving RU 486 alone and in 94.1% of patients receiving RU 486 plus PG (p less than 0.001). RU 486 given alone showed decreasing efficacy as the duration of amenorrhea increased. However, RU 486 combined with PG was equally effective at all time points studied (less than or equal to 35 days of amenorrhea: 98.1%, 36-42 days: 92%, 42-49 days: 87.4%). When compared with RU 486 alone Ru 486 + PG also produced a shorter bleeding time and a lower volume of blood loss (n = 21, 52 ml vs n = 13, 117 ml). Two patients from the RU 486+PG group and 4 given RU 486 alone suffered heavy bleeding, necessitating emergency curettage. No transfusions were required. The time elapsed between RU 486 intake and expulsion of the conceptus was significantly shorter in the RU 486+PG group (n = 97, 31 days) than that in the RU 486 alone group (n = 95, 4.4 4.4 days). Main side effects, nausea/vomiting and headache/dizziness, were mainly due to RU 486. PG increased the incidence of diarrhea and uterine cramp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:RU 486 (mifepristone): clinical trials in China. 269 37

A study was conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria over a period of 11 years, 1 January 1976 to 31 December 1986, on 810 patients who agreed to use depo-medro progesterone acetate (DMPA) for contraception. DMPA is a long-acting injectable contraceptive agent which provides protection over a period of time. It is given on a 3-monthly basis, and is thought to be an ideal contraceptive agent for women who have a poor compliance with taking oral contraceptives or do not wish to run the risk of using an intrauterine device. The women's medical histories were recorded and each of the women were thoroughly examined; women with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, positive cervical cytology, or irregular menstrual patterns were excluded from the study. The women were given 3-monthly intramuscular injections, and at each visit all side-effects reported were recorded. If the patient decided to discontinue use, the reasons were also noted and recorded. The results of the study are as follows. 490 (60.5%) of the women had protection for between 3 months and 12 months; 230 (28.4%) had protection for 13-24 months; while only 90 (11.1%) had protection for 25-33 months. Side effects noted were amenorrhoea (36.3%), weight gain (15.8%) and loss (10.6%) abnormal bleeding patterns (12.7%), and minor symptoms such as headaches (2.5%), dizziness (1.5%) and palpitations (1.1%). Reasons for discontinuation included amenorrhoea (16.2%), abnormal bleeding habits, (7%), hypertension (2.2%), and/or the desire to get pregnant (2%). Further discussion is given to the use of DMPA as an enhancement for lactation and an effective option to oral contraceptives.
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PMID:Experience with the use of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate in a Nigerian population. 285 67

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Minulet, a new low-dose combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing 75 mcg of gestodene and 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol, a multicenter trial involving 239 women was conducted in Switzerland. Of the 239 subjects, 187 (78%) were monitored for 6 cycles of OC use and 24 (10%) were followed for 3 cycles, yielding a total of 1265 cycles for observation. No pregnancy occurred during the study period, despite the fact that 1 or more pills had been forgotten in 17.1% of cases. Cycle length and the intensity and duration of bleeding were favorably affected by Minulet use, especially in women with a prior history of prolonged, heavy bleeding. Spotting occurred in 8.2% of subjects by cycle 3, but this rate was reduced to 5.9% by cycle 6. Breakthrough bleeding alone occurred in 2.1% of the cycles. The amenorrhea rate was 1.6% after cycle 6. There were no serious side effects, and symptoms such as headache, depression, breast tenderness, acne, nervousness, and dizziness were actually reduced as a result of OC use. Most notable was the decrease in dysmenorrhea, from 40% before beginning OC use to 13% after 3 months and 8% after 6 months. No significant effects on systolic or diastolic blood pressure were recorded among study participants, nor were there significant weight changes. Of the 17 women who terminated the trial due to side effects, metrorrhagia accounted for 17% of the terminations, depression for 14%, nausea for 14%, and headache for 13%. The findings of this trial, in terms of reliability, cycle control, and tolerability, suggest that Minulet has considerable potential as a new contraceptive choice.
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PMID:Clinical experience in Switzerland with the new monophasic oral contraceptive Minulet (75 mcg gestodene, 30 mcg ethinyl oestradiol). 307 5


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