Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in plasma obtained from patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, drug-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, obstructive jaundice, fulminant hepatitis or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), was analysed chromatographically. Liver disease cases showed a new peak (peak C) on HPLC fractionation. The protein of peak C had a lower molecular weight than ovalbumin. Lysine- and zinc- chelating affinity chromatography revealed that the peak C consist with the light chain (L-chain) of t-PA. The L-chain was also found in patients with DIC, but disappeared after improvement of DIC. Therefore, it was suggested that appearance of the L-chain would be related to acceleration of secondary fibrinolysis in plasma. The L-chain was especially high in plasma obtained from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. These results indicated that high increase of the L-chain in cases of severe liver disease may be due to either impaired clearance of t-PA in the liver or secondary hyperfibrinolysis accompanied by DIC. We concluded that determination of the L-chain of t-PA may contribute to clarify the mechanism of hyperfibrinolysis in liver diseases.
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PMID:[Qualitative analysis of tissue plasminogen activator in plasma obtained from various liver diseases by gel filtration and affinity chromatography]. 210 95

Persons who have been in contact with Lonomia achelous or Lonomia obliqua caterpillars present external and internal bleeding and opening of recently healed wounds. Hematological tests show normal platelet count, prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, totally corrected by normal plasma. Decreased fibrinogen (Fg), factor (F) V, FXIII, plasminogen and alpha(2)-antiplasmin with increased FVIII: C, von Willebrand factor, Fg degradation products and D dimers. Tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor and protein C varied. In L. achelous biological fluids, compounds with anticoagulant or procoagulant properties have been identified. In L. obliqua bristle extracts, mainly procoagulant activities have been identified. Subcutaneous injections of L. achelous crude extracts and a semipurified fraction reduce Fg, plasminogen and FXIII in rabbits. Intravenous injections of a very purified fraction of L. achelous in rabbits produce lysis of preformed thrombi, a decrease of Fg, plasminogen, alpha(2)-antiplasmin, FXIII and inhibition of postthrombolytic thrombus growth. Subcutaneous injections of L. obliqua bristle extracts prolong prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and reduce FXIII. Intravenous injections of crude bristle extract and a purified fraction of L. obliqua induce disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Lonomia genus caterpillar envenomation: clinical and biological aspects. 1191 Jan 97

COVID-19 has proven to be particularly challenging given the complex pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Early data have demonstrated how the host response to this novel coronavirus leads to the proliferation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, massive endothelial damage, and generalized vascular manifestations. While SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the upper and lower respiratory tract, other organ systems are also affected. SARS-CoV-2 relies on 2 host cell receptors for successful attachment: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2. Clinicopathologic reports have demonstrated associations between severe COVID-19 and viral coagulopathy, resulting in pulmonary embolism; venous, arterial, and microvascular thrombosis; lung endothelial injury; and associated thrombotic complications leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Viral coagulopathy is not novel given similar observations with SARS classic, including the consumption of platelets, generation of thrombin, and increased fibrin degradation product exhibiting overt disseminated intravascular coagulation-like syndrome. The specific mechanism(s) behind the thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients has yet to be fully understood. Parenteral anticoagulants, such as heparin and low-molecular-weights heparins, are widely used in the management of COVID-19 patients. Beyond the primary (anticoagulant) effects of these agents, they may exhibit antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects. Direct oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are also useful in the management of these patients. Tissue plasminogen activator and other fibrinolytic modalities may also be helpful in the overall management. Catheter-directed thrombolysis can be used in patients developing pulmonary embolism. Further investigations are required to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated thrombotic complications.
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PMID:Viral Coagulopathy in Patients With COVID-19: Treatment and Care. 3268 49