Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven acute promyelocytic leukemias (APL) were compared with three atypical acute myeloblastic leukemias (AML). These three AML were characterized by high hyperleukocytosis, mostly formed of monocytelike myeloblasts, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, and a t (15;17) translocation in the majority of leukemic cell mitoses. This translocation was inconsistently found in typical APL defined as M3, according to the FAB classification.
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PMID:[T (15;17) translocation in acute promyelocytic and acute nonpromyelocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. 29 75

The case history of a 15 year old boy in whom thrombosis of the internal carotid artery was associated with severe disseminated intravascular thrombosis (DIC) is described. Both peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspirate revealed acute myelogenous leukemia FAB M-2 type as the cause of the disease. Consumption coagulopathy is common sign of hemostasis disturbances in leukemia. It is frequently observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia, but rarely it may be seen in the other forms of hemoblastosis, too.
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PMID:[Incidence of internal carotid artery thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in the early stages of acute myeloid leukemia]. 154 13

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) commonly occurs in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL, FAB-M3) but may also be seen in other subtypes of AML. DIC in patients with AML has been attributed to procoagulants released from granular fractions of leukemic blast cells. The present study was designed (i) to evaluate thrombin activity in patients with AML by measuring plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) prior to chemotherapy, and (ii) to examine whether a relationship between FPA levels and the number of peripheral blast cells exists. Plasma levels of FPA were determined using a commercially available RIA kit. To remove fibrinogen and the majority of elastase-induced fibrinopeptides (A alpha 1-21) known to crossreact with the FPA (A alpha 1-16) antiserum used in this assay, plasma samples were treated with bentonite prior to further processing. The study was conducted on 5 patients with APL and on 22 patients with other subtypes of AML. Peripheral blast cell counts at initial diagnosis ranged from 2100 to 56,000/microliters in patients with APL and from 1900 to 151,000/microliters in patients with other AML subtypes. The mean (+/- 1 SEM) pretreatment plasma level of FPA was significantly higher (p = 0.021) in the 5 patients with APL (38.2 +/- 8.3 ng/ml) than in patients with other AML subtypes (8.1 +/- 0.7 ng/ml). No relationship was found between peripheral blast cell counts and the corresponding FPA levels in the total group of 27 patients. However, when considering the 5 patients with APL separately, a significant correlation was observed between peripheral blast cell number and FPA plasma levels (r = 0.88, p = 0.050). This study confirms that thrombin generation is considerably greater in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia than in other subtypes of AML. We conclude that type and number of circulating blast cells and their related capacity to express procoagulant activities appear to be major determinants of excessive fibrinogen degradation in AML.
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PMID:Relationship of thrombin generation to peripheral blast cell count in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). 236 38

A case of acute myeloblastic leukemia associated with multiple intracerebral hematomas is presented. A 19-year-old woman with a two week's history of mild fever suddenly lost consciousness, and was afflicted right severe hemiparesis, left mild hemiparesis and motor aphasia. A CT scan revealed bilateral thalamic hyperdense lesions and paraventricular small hematoma in the right hemisphere. Hematology showed marked leukocytosis (450,000/mm3), mild anemia and no coagulopathy including disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Cytology showed myeloblasts with positive stain in peroxidase and negative in esterase both in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. These findings indicated M 1 type, myeloblastic leukemia without maturation, according to FAB (French-American-British Co-operative group) classification. CT scan on the second day demonstrated expansion of the hematoma in the right thalamus, and nine brand-new small hematomas in different locations. The patient deteriorated into brain death soon after this examination. The pathology of this case was supposed to be "hyperleukocytosis", which is defined as a leukocyte count greater than 100,000/mm3. Severe leukostasis due both to dense leukocytes and lack of mobility of the myeloblast brought about an increase in permeability because of local impairment of nutrition to the walls of the vessels. As a result, the following histological changes occurred: 1) cellular exudation into Virchow-Robin space, 2) the appearance of leukemic nodule, admixtures of leukemic cells and erythrocytes, 3) mechanical compression of the capillaries and venules by the enlarging mass of the leukemic nodules. CT scan showed these characteristics as follows: 1) multiplicity, 2) small-size, 3) cerebral hemisphere, especially in white matter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of acute myeloblastic leukemia associated with multiple intracerebral hematomas]. 269 89

The microgranular form of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was described in the late 1970s and adopted by the French, American, and British classification system in the early 1980s. Morphologically, this form shows distinct differences from the classic form of APL, but clinically it shares many of the same traits. Among these is the predilection for coagulopathies, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This DIC has been associated with one previously reported case of fatal hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome), in association with an untreated case of APL. The authors present a case of the microgranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (FAB-M3V), with autopsy and electron microscopic evidence in support. It is important to recognize this variant form of APL and its association with hepatic vein thrombosis, because any successful attempt at therapy must be instituted early in the course of the disease.
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PMID:Hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome) in the microgranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia. 277 53

Fibrinopeptides were measured as direct indices of thrombin, plasmin and elastase in plasma samples obtained from patients with AML. Peptide patterns observed were consistent with spontaneous or drug induced plasmin-specific fibrinogenolysis (AML FAB M 1/3), elastase mediated proteolysis (AML FAB M 3/4) or DIC (AML FAB 4/5). DIC was also observed in septic, agranulocytotic patients.
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PMID:Fibrinogen--proteolysis in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). 294 Oct 88

Bone marrow necrosis is a rare and ominous complication of hematologic malignancy which is often associated with bone pain in the lower back and extremities. Widespread marrow necrosis makes a definitive diagnosis through bone marrow biopsy difficult. An accurate diagnosis is imperative in patients with promyelocytic leukemia (FAB-M3) because disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage secondary to release of tissue thromboplastins from the malignant cell population requires prompt and anticipatory therapy. The following case report describes a patient with acute leukemia and massive bone marrow necrosis which obscured the correct diagnosis of promyelocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Bone marrow necrosis obscuring the diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia. 263 85

A 46-yr-old woman was diagnosed as having M3 variant leukaemia in FAB subclassification with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and the 15;17 translocation. Immunologic examinations revealed that the blast cells exhibited monocytic (Ia+, Mo1+, Mo2+, My4+, My7+ and My9+) and T-lymphocytic (OKT11+, Leu4+ and Leu5b+) immunophenotype, with probably a biphenotypic population of cells. Expression of monocytic phenotype on the blast cells suggests that M3 variant includes a subtype with monocytic characteristics, and may be related to the morphologic monocyte-like feature of that of M3 variant.
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PMID:Expression of monocytic and T-lymphocytic phenotype in a variant form of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3). 348 82

In a patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia of the classic type (FAB subtype M2), three infrequently observed phenomena occurred together; bone marrow necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and an 8;16 chromosomal translocation. All three resolved with antileukemic therapy, only to reemerge when the leukemia relapsed, suggesting a causal relationship among these phenomena. Such observations and the consistent application of cytogenetic studies to patients with leukemia may help elucidate the significance of specific chromosomal abnormalities in patients with leukemia.
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PMID:Unusual association of bone marrow necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and a rare 8;16 chromosomal translocation in an adult patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 379 Nov 77

We studied the clinical, morphological, and immunologic characteristics of 11 patients with 11q translocation-associated acute leukemia. There were three patients with t(9;11)(p22;q23), one with a variant of the t(9;11), three with t(11;19)(q23;p13), two with t(1;11)(p32;q23), one with t(10;11)(p15;q22or23), and one with t(11;17) (q23;q25). The breakpoints in chromosome 11 clustered in band q23. The morphological feature was FAB-M5 in two patients, FAB-M2 in one, FAB-L1 in six, and lymphoblastic lymphoma in one. The remaining patient underwent morphological changes from FAB-L1 seen at the time of diagnosis to M5b at relapse. Immunologic marker studies in ten patients revealed that one had T cell type; another pre-B cell type; three CALLA- Ia- non-T, non-B type; two CAL-LA- Ia+ non-T, non-B type; two monocytic type (positive Fc-receptor); and the remaining one underwent phenotypic changes from CALLA+ Ia+ non-T, non-B type to monocytic type. The patients were usually young; five were under 1 year and two were 9 and 13 years. Hyperleukocytosis was observed in eight of the ten patients with acute leukemia, and two of the eight died of intracranial hemorrhage within two days of admission, associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. These findings indicate that leukemia with the 11q23 translocation share certain characteristics in common, irrespective of the recipient chromosome, even though the latter may have some influence on the morphological and immunologic phenotype. Our data provide a hypothesis that multipotent stem cells are involved in the genesis of the 11q translocation-associated leukemia.
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PMID:Clinical and hematologic characteristics in acute leukemia with 11q23 translocations. 394 33


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