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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial endotoxin binds to platelets and causes platelet aggregation, thrombocytopenia, increase in thromboxane A2 production, serotonin release and increase in the generation of platelet factor 3 procoagulant activity. These effects have been demonstrated in a variety of animal species. Much evidence has shown that such changes may participate in the pathogenesis of DIC and RDS in septic shock. The anisodamine (654) antishock effect has been studied from different angles for more than 20 years, with its effect on the cardiovascular system, including the microcirculation, being demonstrated. But few reports concerning its effect on platelet function have emerged. In this study, the effect of anisodamine on rabbit platelet aggregation, release, morphological changes, cellular cAMP, and membrane lipid fluidity induced by E. coli endotoxin were studied both in vivo and in vitro. After anisodamine intervention, all of these parameters improved to a certain extent. The possible protective mechanisms of anisodamine on platelets both in vivo and in vitro are discussed.
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PMID:[A preliminary study of the inhibiting mechanism of anisodamine on rabbit platelets activated by E. coli endotoxin]. 217 47

This review deals with the various indications, the choice of blood products and the main aspects of their administration for transfusing neonates. Some special problems peculiar to neonatal age, that both neonatologists and blood transfusion services have to take into account, are emphasized. Exchange transfusion in the procedure most frequently used in blood transfusion therapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia of various aetiology, severe anaemia and hyperviscosity due to polycythaemia. The procedure also represents a rational therapeutic approach in the bleeding thrombocytopenic newborn. More recently exchange transfusion has been utilized in the management of DIC, RDS and sepsis. Besides its advantages, metabolic, haemorrhagic and cardiac hazards of this "massive transfusion" are considered. Just as at any other age, the red cell preparation is the blood component most frequently utilized in the transfusion therapy of the neonate, considering not only the treatment of anaemia without hypovolaemic shock, but also the cases of iatrogenic blood loss, a common problem in the high risk neonatal intensive care unit. As transfusion of small increments of blood may often be required for the sick neonate and premature infant, different methods to cope with such conditions are discussed.
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PMID:Blood transfusion therapy in the newborn. 702 55

During the 19-month study period, 48 (2 per cent) of the 2177 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa growths in blood cultures. All these neonates had clinical and haematological evidences of sepsis. Prominent clinical features included sclerema, violaceus necrotic patches, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, and DIC. Over all mortality was 23 per cent, distinctly higher in premature neonates with RDS. The mean gestational age and birth weights (+/- SD) of these neonates were 36.42 (+/- 2.73) weeks and 2173.34 (+/- 567.33) g, respectively. Approximately half of the total cases had low birth weight. Other adverse perinatal events before the development of sepsis included birth asphyxia (60 per cent), neonatal resuscitation (67 per cent), meconium aspiration syndrome (29 per cent), hyaline membrane disease (8 per cent), prolonged hospitalization (44 per cent), closed incubator care (17 per cent), prolonged intravenous fluids (42 per cent), repeated blood sampling (63 per cent), and umbilical catheterization (4 per cent). Analysis of the trend of Pseudomonas sepsis in our NICU revealed six definite outbreaks (more than two cases) interspersed with occasional (one or two) cases. Six study months, however, remained free of Pseudomonas sepsis. Index case was demonstrable on seven occasions. Bacteriological surveillance of the NICU after onset of initial case/cases revealed statistically significant colonization of resuscitation equipment, baby placement sites, and various cleansing solutions by the same bacterial species (P < 0.05). It is possible that Pseudomonas was introduced to our NICU from transfer admissions from other hospitals since on four occasions index case was the one transferred from outside.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. 844 85

A retrospective study of cesarean hysterectomies at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Novi Sad was conducted for the period 1968-1993. There were 129,127 deliveries, whereas cesarean section was performed in 10,485 (8.12%) cases. There were 55 cesarean hysterectomies (0.042%), while in 0.52% they were performed during cesarean section. Elective hysterectomy was performed in 7 (12.73%) cases because of neoplastic process and uterine myoma, while in 48 (87.27%) cases it was performed for heavy bleeding. Most often bleeding occurred due to complications of placenta previa, uteroplacental apoplexy, premature placental ablation, uterine rupture and atony. Total hysterectomy was performed in 30 (54.54%) cases and subtotal hysterectomy in 25 (45.45%) cases. Bilateral adnexectomy was performed in 3 (5.45%) cases. Urinary bladder injury occurred in 4 (7.27%) patients, wound infection in 11 (20.00%) patients, urinary infection in 3 (5.45%) and pelvic peritonitis in 1 (1.82%) patient. One maternal death (1.82%) occurred due to DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation). Out of 57 delivered newborns 20 (35.10%) died in the perinatal period. There were 13 stillbirths (22.80%), whereas 7 newborns (12.30%) died in the early neonatal period due to prematurity and RDS (respiratory distress syndrome).
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PMID:[Cesarean hysterectomy im modern obstetrical practice from 1968 to 1993]. 947 33

A combined hemostatic defect consisting of a reduction in certain procoagulants, anticoagulants (antithrombin III-ATIII-, protein C-PC-) and components of the fibrinolytic system (plasminogen-Plg-) was demonstrated in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBW <1,500 g) with gestational age 26-32 weeks. Sixteen of them were healthy, 28 were suffering from RDS and 24 from septicemia. The hemostatic defect was more profound in the RDS group, nevertheless increased TAT (thrombin + ATIII complex) and/or PAP values (plasmin + a2-antiplasmin complex) was a more frequent finding in the septicemic group of infants (91.8 vs. 17.9%). Moderate-to-severe thrombocytopenia was detected in a higher percentage in the septicemic (70.8%) than in the RDS group (50%), and increased D-dimers were demonstrated in 34.8 and 28.6% of the infants, respectively. Elevated TAT or PAP values were not always associated with gross coagulation abnormalities, and advanced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was only documented in 16.7% of the septicemic and 7.1% of the RDS infants. None of the VLBW neonates presented with clinical evidence of thrombosis, although hemorrhagic manifestations were apparent in 34.8 and 14.3% of the neonates with septicemia or RDS, respectively, mainly due to DIC or severe thrombocytopenia. In conclusion, increased TAT and/or PAP values are good indicators of the in vivo activation of the hemostatic system, but still their impact on sick neonates morbidity and mortality remains unknown.
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PMID:Indications of coagulation and/or fibrinolytic system activation in healthy and sick very-low-birth-weight neonates. 974 62