Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rare isozyme of serum creatine kinase (CK) migrating cathodic to CK-MM on electrophoresis was found in a 30-year-old male with stomach cancer complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation leading to massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding and marked anemia. Serum CK activity rose to a maximum of 374 U/l without detectable CK-MB isoenzyme. The patient was also characterized by a marked increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (all isozymes elevated) and by preferential leakage of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase, indicating the presence of extensive tissue damage involving mitochondria. Skeletal muscle mitochondria were considered the most likely source of the additional CK isozyme.
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PMID:Cathodic isozyme of serum creatine kinase in a case of stomach cancer complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. 744 49

Experimental infection of three indigenous breeds of sheep in Nigeria, namely the West African Dwarf (WAD), Yankasa and Ouda resulted in fatal disease with the Zinga Rift Valley Fever virus. Infected sheep of the three breeds responded by pyrexia within 24 h of infection, that lasted 6 to 7 days, but peaked between day 2 and 4 post-infection. Viraemia coincided with pyrexia and peaked (10(9) PFU/ml) 3 days p.i. in Yankasa and WAD sheep, but with highest titre (10(7.5) PFU/ml) in Ouda sheep. Zinga Rift Valley Fever virus infection of sheep was characterised by hyperactivity, watery and mucoid nasal discharges, projectiles and bloody diarrhoea, external haemorrhage and clinical manifestations of nervous disorders. Viraemia was followed by low level of antibody development in all the infected sheep. Haemotological changes included a sharp fall in the PCV, Hb concentration and total RBC count during the course of the disease. These changes were most severe in the Yankasa, followed by WAD and Ouda breeds. There were thrombocytopaenia, prolongation of prothrombin and clotting times in all the infected sheep. There was also progressive leucopaenia associated with lymphopaenia. The total protein and albumin levels were depressed, but the globulin level rose from day 5 p.i. The changes in the serum biochemical constituents included sharp and progressive increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. The sodium level decreased gradually while that of potassium was initially stable but later increased until the infected animals died. There was a significant increase in the level of blood urea nitrogen from day 3 p.i. that continued until the infected animals died. Gross and microscopic examinations of the carcasses of the infected sheep showed significant lesions in many organs, including disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Experimental infection of three Nigerian breeds of sheep with the Zinga strain of the Rift Valley Fever virus. 888 13

Clinical, clinico-pathological and serological studies were performed in sheep experimentally infected with Babesia ovis. Acute babesiosis occurred in all the lambs infested with adult Rhipicephalus bursa ticks and in one lamb infested with the larvae. The rate of parasitaemia and the degree of anaemia were not correlated. Decrease in the packed-cell volume ranged from 30 to 40%. Parasitized erythrocytes were not observed to block capillaries in the brain, which explained the absence of nervous symptoms in acute babesiosis. The kidneys were the most severely affected organs, exhibiting acute glomerulonephritis. The lesions observed were suggestive of vascular alteration and vascular stasis, leading to anoxia of the tissues. A disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome was recorded in sheep infected with babesiosis. A marked increase in the enzymes of the transaminase groups, mainly aspartate aminotransferase (AST), was observed. Enzymatic changes (increases in AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and decreases in sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malic enzyme (MEZ)), decreases in total proteins and albumin, and increases in urea and creatinine might reflect the degree of severity of the damage to the liver and kidney tissues. Most of the lambs (85%) that were infested with larvae, and all lambs infested with adult R. bursa ticks, reacted serologically to B. ovis antigen. The serological reactions following infestation with the larvae occurred much later than those following infestation with the adult stage. The lambs which were infested with larvae showed mild clinical reactions when challenged by infected R. bursa adults, as compared with the reactions to the challenge in naive control animals. The serological findings, in addition to the fact that one splenectomized lamb reacted to larval infestation with acute ovine babesiosis, show that the preimaginal stages of R. bursa can transmit B. ovis, usually causing a sub-clinical disease. It is suggested that infections derived from preimaginal ticks in the winter can preimmunize sheep for the subsequent more severe infections derived from adult ticks in the summer. Furthermore, in the absence of a reliable vaccine against B. ovis, grazing flocks in the enzootic regions should be exposed to the preimaginal stages during their activity period (October-February) before exposure to the adult ticks in spring and summer (April-July).
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PMID:Clinical, clinico-pathological and serological studies of Babesia ovis in experimentally infected sheep. 978 Aug 25

A twenty-year-old woman with anorexia nervosa (body mass index=11) suffered from severe liver dysfunction (aspartate aminotransferase 5,000 IU/l, alanine aminotransferase 3,980 IU/l, prothrombin time 32%), hypoglycemia (serum glucose 27 mg/dl), and pancreatic dysfunction (amylase 820 IU/l, lipase 558 IU/l). She fell into a depressive state with irritability, which was not improved by intravenous glucose. Despite treatment with plasmapheresis for the liver dysfunction, she subsequently developed pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hemodialysis, mechanical ventilation and drug therapy including prednisolone, prostaglandin E1, and branched-chain amino acid, improved her critical condition. In this case, malnutrition may have been the cause for the liver dysfunction and subsequent complications.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa with severe liver dysfunction and subsequent critical complications. 1043 64

Although morbidity following cryotherapy is usually minor, a syndrome of multiorgan failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been described and referred to as the cryoshock phenomenon. We hypothesized that mediators similar to those in septic shock may be involved in this syndrome. In this study we aimed to assess the plasma concentrations of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) following hepatic cryotherapy and to relate them to the duration and volume of freezing and to hepatocellular injury. Between April and December 1997 blood samples were taken preoperatively and at different times postoperatively from patients undergoing hepatic artery catheter-insertion (HAC) (n = 15), cryotherapy (n = 5), liver resection (n = 9), liver resection and edge cryotherapy (n = 7), or liver resection and cryotherapy of additional lesions (n = 9). They were analyzed for serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels. There was a significant association (Pearson correlation) of serum AST levels 1 hour postoperatively with plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels at the end of the procedure. In patients undergoing cryotherapy or resection with cryotherapy of additional lesions (n = 14), the volume and duration of hepatic freezing were significantly associated with postoperative serum AST and plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels at various postoperative times. Hepatic cryotherapy is followed by cytokine release, with postoperative plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels associated with the degree of hepatic cryotrauma. These mediators may be involved in the occurrence of cryoshock following large-volume hepatic freezing.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels following hepatic cryotherapy: association with volume and duration of freezing. 1051 41

We compared urinary protein C inhibitor (uPCI) with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in terms of the effect on the pathophysiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), such as hypercoagulation, induction of secondary fibrinolysis and organ failure, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC in rats. The uPCI (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) administration significantly inhibited both the decrease in fibrinogen level and the increase in fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) level, and the effects compared favorably with those of LMWH (100 and 200 IU/kg). Both uPCI (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) and a low dose of LMWH also inhibited the increases in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thrombin, and plasma kallikrein equally, but a high dose of LMWH did not inhibit the changes in those parameters. Furthermore, uPCI dose-dependently prevented the prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), while LMWH excessively prolonged APTT at a high dose. These results suggest that the preventive effect of uPCI on the pathophysiology of DIC compares favorably with that of LMWH, including the lack of a hemorrhagic reaction in contrast to LMWH.
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PMID:Urinary protein C inhibitor as a therapeutic agent to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): a comparison with low molecular weight heparin in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced DIC. 1099 2

The effect of higenamine, a benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid of the roots of Aconitum spp. (Ranunculaceae), on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), was investigated using an experimental DIC rat model. The oral administration of higenamine (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg), significantly ameliorated the decrease of fibrinogen level in plasma, the increase of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product (FDP) level, and the prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) induced by the i. v. infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The prolongation of activated partial thrombin time (aPTT) and the decrease of platelet count were suppressed. The increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were also significantly prevented with higenamine. The above results are suggestive that higenamine has therapeutic potential for DIC and/or accompanying multiple organ failure (MOF).
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PMID:The effects of higenamine on LPS-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in rats. 1198 56

Surveillance for scrub typhus was conducted in Japan in 1998 using a questionnaire. A total of 462 cases were reported. Scrub typhus occurred in both the fall and spring in the northern part of Honshu (the main island), and in the fall in the central part of Honshu and on the island of Kyushu. The occurrence of the disease varied with age, gender, and activity. Seventy-six percent of the patients were more than 51 years old, and 36% and 16% of the patients were engaged in farm work and forestry, respectively. Fever, rash, and eschar were detected in 98%, 93%, and 97% of the patients, respectively. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase were detected in 96%, 87%, and 77% of the patients, respectively. Disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in 34 cases and had a unique regional distribution. This study shows the status of scrub typhus in Japan in 1998 and provides important information for diagnosis and prevention.
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PMID:Scrub typhus in Japan: epidemiology and clinical features of cases reported in 1998. 1238 41

Plasma-derived human antithrombin (pAT) is used for the treatments of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hereditary antithrombin deficiencies. We expressed recombinant human antithrombin (rAT) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The purified rAT is composed of 55% alpha-isoform and 45% beta-isoform. The structure of the N-linked oligosaccharides of rAT is the same biantennary complex type as previously found in pAT with less sialylated on the non-reducing ends. Most of the oligosaccharides of rAT are fucosylated at the reducing ends of N-acetylglucosamine, while those of pAT are not fucosylated. Despite of the difference in sialylation and fucosylation of the oligosaccharide units, rAT and pAT showed indistinguishable heparin cofactor and progressive activities, and they bound to thrombin in a one-to-one stoichiometric manner. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and thromboplastin-induced DIC rat models, rAT reduced fibrinogen and platelet consumption to a similar extent with pAT. In LPS-induced DIC model, both ATs similarly restrained the increase of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Finally, pharmacokinetic analysis showed that both ATs had similar half-lives in the circulation of normal rats. Together, the present study demonstrated that rAT prepared in CHO cells has potential for a substitute of pAT in therapeutic use.
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PMID:Recombinant human antithrombin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells shows in vivo efficacy on rat DIC model similarly to plasma-derived antithrombin regardless of different N-glycosylation. 1684 3

A 17-year-old girl previously in good health presented with a 2-month history of recurrent, high-grade fever; general fatigue; anorexia; a 10-kg weight loss; and multiple, painful, reddish skin lesions on the lower abdomen. Some lesions were ulcerated, with an oily yellowish brown discharge. A systemic review was unremarkable other than bleeding from the nose. Her medical and family histories were unremarkable. On examination, the patient was pale, jaundiced, and febrile (temperature of 39 degrees C). She had enlarged lymph nodes in the axillary and inguinal areas. There was moderate hepatosplenomegaly. Local skin examination revealed multiple erythematous, tender, and firm subcutaneous nodules of variable size (1-2 cm) on the lower abdomen. Some nodules were ulcerated, with oily yellowish brown discharge and overlying ecchymosis (Figures 1 and 2). Mucous membranes were free of lesions. Laboratory investigations showed pancytopenia, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (>80 mm/h), normal renal function tests, abnormal hepatic function tests (alanine aminotransferase 172 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 229 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 725 U/L, and total bilirubin 100 mmol/L [normal range 0-18 mmol/L]), conjugated bilirubin 45 mmol/L (normal range 0-5 mmol/L), and high triglycerides 855 mg/dL (normal range 20-200 mg/dL). Prolonged prothrombin time, 26 seconds (normal range 13-16 seconds); prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, 61 seconds (normal range 26-38 seconds); positive disseminated intravascular coagulation studies evidenced by low fibrinogen, 74 mg/dL (normal range 160-350 mg/dL); and positive fibrinogen degradation products were also noted. Throat, midstream urine, and blood culture results were negative. Serologic tests for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C viruses were negative. Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus serologic values revealed evidence of past infection. Tuberculin and Coombs tests were negative. The alpha1-antitrypsin level was normal. Antinuclear and anti-smith antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and cryoglobulins were negative. CT showed enlarged lymph nodes in the axillary and inguinal areas, bilateral small pleural effusion, moderate hepatosplenomegaly, severe fatty infiltration of the liver, and thickening of lower abdominal subcutaneous tissue. A liver biopsy showed steatohepatitis. Bone marrow aspirate and trephine were normal. A deep punch biopsy of a nodule from the right lower abdomen revealed lobular panniculitis with atypical lymphocytes and large macrophages with cytophagocytosis ("beanbag" cells) (Figures 3 and 4). Immunohistochemistry showed that these atypical cells were positive for CD3, CD8, granzyme B, and perforin, and negative for CD56. T-cell gene rearrangement studies on skin lesions revealed a monoclonal T-cell receptor (gamma-chain) gene rearrangement, supporting the diagnosis of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. On presentation, the initial treatment included 6 U of fresh frozen plasma, 2 U of packed red blood cells, and 2 g IV fibrinogen for 3 consecutive days. The patient was started on prednisolone 60 mg orally once daily and cyclosporine A 5 mg/kg/d orally in two divided doses. The fever and other systemic symptoms and skin lesions resolved within 2 weeks after the treatment. The prednisolone dose was tapered gradually, and a maintenance dose of cyclosporine A was continued. The patient's condition remained in remission at 12-month follow-up; there was no evidence of clinical relapse.
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PMID:Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma with hemophagocytic syndrome successfully treated with cyclosporin A. 1685 14


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