Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hemostasis profiles of 24 dogs with histologically confirmed hemangiosarcoma were prospectively evaluated. Microangiopathic hemolysis was defined as the presence of schistocytes; disseminated intravascular coagulation was defined as 1) thrombocytopenia, 2) fibrin(ogen) degradation products greater than 10 micrograms/mL, 3) prolongation of one or more coagulation times (activated partial thromboplastin time or one-stage prothrombin time) by greater than 25% of the control, 4) fragmented red blood cells (greater than or equal to 1+ based on a semiquantitative grading scale), and 5) fibrinogen less than or equal to 80 mg/dL. Three of the five criteria listed above had to be met for disseminated intravascular coagulation to be diagnosed. Fifty percent of the dogs were considered to have disseminated intravascular coagulation at presentation. Thrombocytopenia was present in 75% of the dogs and was the most common abnormality. The mean platelet count was 137,800/microL. Twenty-five percent of the dogs died as a result of the hemostatic abnormalities. Only 12% of the dogs had microangiopathic hemolysis without other evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hemostatic abnormalities are present in many dogs with hemangiosarcoma at the initial clinical presentation and represent an important clinical finding.
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PMID:Hemostatic abnormalities in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. 202 11

Inhibition of activated clotting factors is an important therapeutic approach in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We examined the possible protective effect of a purified complex of human antithrombin III (AT III) and heparin in endotoxin-induced DIC in pigs. Two groups of endotoxemic pigs were studied. AT III-heparin group pigs (n = 8) were pretreated with a bolus injection of 500 units AT III-heparin complex, followed by a continuous infusion of 1000 units of the complex for 6 hours given simultaneously with the infusion of 10 micrograms/kgh of S. abortus equi endotoxin. Controls (n = 9) were given saline in addition to the continuous infusion of endotoxin. AT III activity, prothrombin and soluble fibrin in plasma were determined by chromogenic substrate methods. Fibrinogen was measured turbidimetrically. Human AT III antigen in the treated group was 64 +/- 3% at 2 hours and increased to 84 +/- 4% until the end of the experiment. AT III activity in the AT III-heparin group was elevated throughout the whole observation period (greater than 100%), whereas it was significantly lower in the controls. Prothrombin decreased similarly in both groups by approximately 35% until the end of the experiment. AT III-heparin treatment significantly attenuated the endotoxin-induced consumption of fibrinogen and completely prevented the increase in soluble fibrin in plasma. However, no significant effect of AT III-heparin was observed on endotoxin-induced mortality and dysfunction in pulmonary gas exchange. Therefore we conclude that the purified AT III-heparin complex inhibits thrombin effects and prevents development of DIC, but fails to significantly influence clinical outcome in endotoxin shock of the pig.
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PMID:A purified antithrombin III--heparin complex as a potent inhibitor of thrombin in porcine endotoxin shock. 202 Sep 36

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or renal damage associated with septicemia was induced in rats by ligating the cecum or by injecting endotoxin. In the septicemia model, the number of E. coli and Bacteroides spp in the blood increased concomitantly with an increase of endotoxin. In this model the development of hypercoagulability with mild fibrinolysis was observed. Histopathologic findings in the kidneys, including the formation of microthrombi in the glomeruli and the vacuolization and dilatation of renal tubular cells, suggest the development of mild DIC. In the endotoxin-induced DIC model, both remarkable state of hypercoagulability and fibrinolysis were observed with fibrin thrombi in glomeruli. The administration of the platelet-activating factor antagonist, CV-6209, or of human antithrombin III, ameliorated DIC significantly by limiting the increases in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin degradation products. These agents significantly reduced the deposition of fibrin in the glomeruli and significantly prolonged the survival time of the endotoxin injected rats. These observations suggest that the PAF antagonist CV-6209 and ATIII merit clinical evaluation in the management of DIC caused by septisemia.
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PMID:Effect of a platelet activating factor antagonist and antithrombin III on septicemia and endotoxemia in rats. 206 2

To clarify whether activated platelets play an important role in the occurrence and exacerbation of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), we investigated the effects of 4 anti-platelet drugs, a PGI2 analog (CS-570), a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (dazoxiben), a thromboxane receptor antagonist (BM-13177), and ticlopidine, in an experimental DIC model in rats. Experimental DIC was induced by a continuous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS derived from E. coli, 055 B5, 25 mg/kg/hr) for 4 hrs. In the time-course determination of the coagulation parameters and prostanoids, an abrupt increase in TxB2 (a stable metabolite of TxA2) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2) was followed by a decrease in platelet count, a prolongation of blood coagulation time, and an increase in fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP). Four hours after the start of LPS infusion, the rats were considered to be in the state of DIC. The effects of the anti-platelet drugs were investigated 4 hrs after the start of LPS infusion. CS-570 and ticlopidine ameliorated DIC in a dose-dependent manner. CS-570 (10 micrograms/kg/min) improved DIC in the platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fbg), and FDP, without affecting TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha formation. Ticlopidine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the exacerbation of DIC in such item parameters as platelet count, APTT, and FDP. Both dazoxiben and BM-13177 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) ameliorated DIC in following parameters as platelet count, APTT and FDP. Dazoxiben, but not BM-13177, significantly inhibited the increase in TxB2 concentration at 4 hr. These observations suggest that drugs which inhibit platelet activation by a TxA2-dependent route are effective in improving DIC induced by LPS, and that drugs which inhibit multiple platelet-activating routes improve DIC in more item parameters than drugs which inhibit only the TxA2-dependent activating route. Consequently, it is concluded that activated platelets might play an important role in the occurrence and exacerbation of DIC induced by LPS, and that one of the roles of TxA2 in DIC is to activate platelets.
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PMID:Role of activated platelets in endotoxin-induced DIC in rats. 208 Apr 92

Hemorrhagic diathesis developed 4 hr after a bite by one fang of a two-month-old specimen of Bothrops asper. Severe allergy to horse serum contraindicated the use of horse antivenom, and a substitution therapy was started 20 hr after the bite. During the following 4 days the patient was treated with infusions of 8 g human fibrinogen, 2500 U of cryoprecipitate, 1000 ml of human plasma and vitamin K in several portions. By means of plasmapheresis 1800 ml of plasma was exchanged. Until plasmapheresis on the third day the treatment resulted in short remission and diminution of the spontaneous bleeding, which ceased on the 5th day. Coagulation tests relevant to disseminated intravascular coagulation and consumption coagulopathy were performed for 12 days. Fibrinogen levels started to rise on the 8th day and normalized 12 days after the bite. Analysis of the venoms from juvenile and adult Bothrops asper snakes revealed that the former has a strong prothrombin-converting activity, the latter contained mainly a thrombin-like, fibrinogen-converting enzyme.
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PMID:Non-specific therapy of a hemorrhagic diathesis after a bite by a young Bothrops asper (barba amarilla): a case report. 208 42

A case of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and fatal myocardial infarction in a haemophilia B patient is described. DIC occurred after 4 days of therapy with unactivated prothrombin complex concentrates during the post-operative period. Therapy with fresh frozen plasma, heparin and antithrombin III concentrates was started without efficacy; after autopsy myocardial infarction was evident.
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PMID:Disseminated intravascular coagulation and myocardial infarction in a haemophilia B patient during therapy with prothrombin complex concentrates. 210 59

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is not a rare phenomenon in the neurosurgical field. We investigated the therapeutic effect of [Ethyl p - (6-guanidinohexanoyloxy) benzoate] methanesulfonate (FOY) for DIC or Pre-DIC states associated with neurosurgical disorders. During the previous three and half years, a total of 52 cases have been admitted to Shinshu University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals with DIC or Pre-DIC states due to brain disorders (group A) associated with head injuries (19 cases), subarachnoid hemorrhages caused by ruptured aneurysm (12 cases), intracranial hemorrhages and infarctions (5 cases), arteriovenous malformations (2 cases) and spinal cord injury (1 case), and with those states due to brain and another disorders (group B) associated with infections (7 cases), shocks (2 cases) and intoxications by drugs (2 cases). FOY was administered continuously for all patients. Clinical manifestations and laboratory data were analyzed statistically. Platelet count improved from during the 7th to the 10th day after starting FOY. It improved significantly in cases with a high DIC score and the improvement was not influenced by platelet transfusion. FDP, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and antithrombin-III also improved. DIC score remarkably improved in cases with an initial high DIC score. Hemorrhagic symptoms were recognized in 19 cases before administration of FOY and 14 of them (74%) improved after the treatment. Dysfunction of organs was recognized in 28 cases, of which 5 cases (18%) improved. Twenty-nine of 52 cases (56%) were still alive. Only two patients died due to DIC. There were no side effects associated with administration of FOY.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Evaluation of FOY therapy for DIC or pre-DIC associated with neurosurgical disease]. 211 1

Fibrin(ogen) degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer levels were evaluated in 168 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients without evidence of bleeding. Eighty-two (48%) had FDP higher than 10 micrograms/ml; only 43 of them had a concomitant increase of D-dimer. These alterations were more frequent in older and decompensated patients and correlated to the Child-Turcotte score. In the patients with elevated FDP and/or D-dimer levels the mean values of platelets, prothrombin activity and fibrinogen were not significantly different from those of the other patients and remained fairly stable over the period of the study. Finally, an increase of FDP is frequent in LC and this may suggest a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), but a concomitant increase of D-dimer is rarely detectable, thus excluding this diagnosis. Moreover, even in the cases with increased levels of D-dimer the presence of clinical or laboratory evidence of a consumption coagulopathy, expression of a manifest DIC, seems to be unusual.
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PMID:Incidence and clinical significance of elevated fibrin(ogen) degradation product and/or D-dimer levels in liver cirrhosis patients. 213 34

Thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and Plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were examined in fifty two cases of various chronic liver diseases. TAT was significantly elevated in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but PIC did not show significant changes in any chronic liver diseases. Elevations of TAT and PIC were seen in cases of HCC accompanied by tumor enlargement and extensive tumor thrombosis. In cases of HCC undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), TAT and PIC increased on the next day after TAE, and tended to recover with time, returning to almost normal at fourth week. Prolongation of prothrombin time, elevation of FDP and positive FM test were noted more often in liver cirrhosis with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) than in severe liver dysfunction without DIC. Of five cases confirmed as DIC, only three cases were diagnosed as DIC by DIC score. On the other hand, TAT and PIC were significantly elevated in DIC cases. Especially, TAT exceeded 30 ng/ml in all DIC cases. TAT was regarded to be useful for the diagnosis of DIC in severe liver dysfunction.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of thrombin-antithrombin III complex and plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex in chronic liver diseases]. 214 51

Forty-eight patients with hepatic malignancy (47 with hepatocellular carcinoma, one with metastatic colon carcinoma), who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for treatment of hepatic neoplasms, were investigated to determine the effects of TAE on coagulation and fibrinolysis. TAE was followed by a significant decrease in the platelet count (P less than .001); a prolongation of prothrombin time (P less than .001); an early increase in levels of fibrinopeptide A (P less than .01), fibrinopeptide B beta-15-42 (P less than .001), and fibrin(ogen) degradation products (P less than .001); and a delayed increase in the fibrinogen level (P less than .001), without a significant prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time. In the three patients who developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) after TAE, a reduction of both the platelet count and fibrinogen level occurred significantly earlier and in a more severe form than in the other patients without DIC; this reduction preceded the onset of the characteristic symptoms of DIC. Data suggested that close monitoring of platelet count and fibrinogen level is important for early detection of DIC following TAE.
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PMID:Hepatic neoplasms: effects of transcatheter arterial embolization on coagulation and fibrinolysis. 215 36


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