Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rare case of acute promyelcytic leukemia (APL) is reported in a 7-year-old boy. The patient displayed the typical features of APL including impaction of the marrow with promyelocytes, marked elevation of the serum vitamin B12 and transcobalamin I levels and a hemorrhagic diathesis. The bleeding diathesis in the case was due to thrombocytopenia, and there was no evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation.
 ...
PMID:Acute promyelocytic leukemia in childhood. Report of a case with a review of the literature. 12 70

The clinical and laboratory features of nine patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia are described. Hepatic or splenic enlargement accompanied by an absolute monocytosis in an older patient with an elevated serum or urine lysozyme and serum vitamin B12 levels were characteristic of the majority of patients in this series. No single clinical or laboratory finding was diagnostic for the disease. Most importantly, seven of nine patients had abnormal coagulation values; in two cases the abnormalities were consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation and correlated with a hemorrhagic diathesis. It is concluded that patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia who have thrombocytopenia or a bleeding tendency should be evaluated for evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
 ...
PMID:Disseminated coagulopathy in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. 29 10

Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a form of acute myeloblastic leukemia characterized by hemorrhagic episodes, severe thrombocytopenia and infiltration of the marrow with "hypergranular" promyelocytes, often with multiple Auer bodies. Ultrastructurally. the promyelocytes show many splinter granules and Auer bodies with characteristic hexagonal arrangement of tubules with a periodicity of 250 A. Serum vitamin B12 and B12-binding proteins, in particular, transcobalamin I, are abnormally high. Karyotypic abnormalities include pseudodiploidy and partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 17. Coagulation profile during bleeding episodes is usually consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Greatly improved prognosis in recent years as a result of aggressive chemotherapy and anticoagulation emphasizes the need of early recognition of this clinical entity.
 ...
PMID:Acute promyelocytic leukemia. A review of literature. 36 Aug 35

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by proliferation of morphologically abnormal promyelocytes and a severe bleeding diathesis. The abnormal promyelocyte is characterized by abundant, large granules, many of which are spindle-shaped. Electron microscopic appearance of the granules closely resembles that of Auer rods. The granules appear to possess tissue thromboplastin activity by both immunologic and clotting assays. Coagulation studies in APL are generally consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Prolongation of the prothrombin time and elevation of fibrinogen degradation products are the tests that are most commonly abnormal. Although occasional reports indicate a favorable response of the coagulopathy to drugs that inhibit fibrinolysis, the use of prophylactic heparin appears to be the treatment of choice. The response rate of APL to chemotherapy regimens that contain an anthracycline is comparable to that of acute myelogenous leukemia. The recent description of the 15;17 chromosomal translocation which may be pathognomonic for APL is only the second example of a chromosomal marker of human neoplasia. Marked elevation of serum vitamin B12 and B12 binding proteins appears to be another characteristic feature of APL. An in vitro cell line of APL cells has been demonstrated to have the capacity to differentiate to functional polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but the cause for the maturation arrest is unknown.
 ...
PMID:Acute promyelocytic leukemia. 39 71

Hematologic dysfunction occurs commonly in patients with malignancy. Over half are anemic, often because of acute or chronic blood loss, marrow involvement by the malignancy, marrow suppressive effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or because of the anemia of chronic disease. Less frequently, anemia may result from red cell aplasia, folate or B12 deficiency, hemolytic processes, or hypersplenism. Occasional patients may become polycythemic because of erythropoietin-producing tumors such as renal adenocarcinomas or cerebellar hemangiomas. Elevation of the white cell count is commonly seen, especially in patients with lung cancer. Monocytosis and thrombocytosis, which may be early signs of an underlying malignancy, are also very common and occur in up to half of patients. Thrombocytopenia is commonly a result of therapy or marrow replacement; a few patients may have a syndrome resembling immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Abnormalities of coagulation are present in many patients, and may lead to superficial or deep venous thromboses, pulmonary emboli, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis with arterial emboli, bleeding, or acute disseminated intravascular coagulation. A sound understanding of the potential hematologic complications that can result from the malignant process is essential to the clinician caring for cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:Hematologic manifestations of malignancy. 268 Mar 58

Elevated plasma homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis. Herein we report a case of familial hyperhomocysteinemia-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a 21-year-old man who presented with severe headache over bilateral frontal areas. Neurological examination revealed no evidence of focal neurological deficit. Chest CT showed pulmonary thromboembolism in bilateral basal lung fields and brain MRI disclosed right transverse and sigmoid venous sinus thrombosis. Routine immunological tests, coagulation factors and occult tumor screening were normal, as were vitamin B12 and folate levels. The DIC profile was negative, The only risk factor we were able to identify was an elevated serum homocysteine level, namely 46.23 microM/L. Hyperhomocysteinemia was also noted in the patient's asymptomatic elder brother (68.0 microM/L) and, to a lesser extent, in his parents (father 12.5 microM/L; mother 11.7 microM/L). In conclusion, the cause of cerebral venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in this young patient was most likely related to familial hyperhomocysteinemia, with the thromboembolic events precipitated by a preceding systemic infection. After anticoagulation therapy; the patient recovered completely without any residual neurological deficit.
 ...
PMID:Familial hyperhomocysteinemia-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a case report. 1768 34

A 75-year-old man who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer 18 years previously with no signs of recurrence visited our hospital because of anemia detected by medical examination. Although no clinical abnormalities were evident, treatment with iron and vitamin B12 was started. However, because serum ALP was elevated, metastatic bone cancer was suspected. Subsequently, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed findings suggestive of residual gastric cancer, and examination of a biopsy specimen demonstrated signet ring cell carcinoma. Furthermore, cells in a bone marrow biopsy sample showed morphology similar to that of cells obtained by stomach biopsy. FDG-PET demonstrated FDG accumulation only in the bone and residual stomach. The final diagnosis was bone metastasis from residual gastric cancer, and disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow. Thereafter, pancytopenia progressed rapidly, and the patient died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. When serum ALP is elevated in patients with a history of gastric cancer, bone marrow carcinomatosis should be suspected irrespective of symptoms, and imaging studies and bone marrow examination should be performed.
...
PMID:[Diagnosis of disseminated bone marrow carcinomatosis from gastric carcinoma initially presenting as asymptomatic anemia]. 2574 62